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- Frykholm, Erik, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Effect and feasibility of non-linear periodized resistance training in people with COPD : study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
- 2019
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Ingår i: Trials. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1745-6215. ; 20:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: In people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), limb-muscle dysfunction is one of the most troublesome systemic manifestations of the disease, which at the functional level is evidenced by reduced strength and endurance of limb muscles. Improving limb-muscle function is an important therapeutic goal of COPD management, for which resistance training is recommended. However, current guidelines for resistance training in COPD mainly focus on improving muscle strength which only reflects one aspect of limb-muscle function and does not address the issue of reduced muscle endurance. The latter is of importance considering that the reduction in limb-muscle endurance often is greater than that of muscle weakness, and also, limb-muscle endurance seems to be closer related to walking capacity as well as arm function than to limb-muscle strength within this group of people. Thus, strategies targeting multiple aspects of the decreased muscle function are warranted to increase the possibility for an optimal effect for the individual patient. Periodized resistance training, which represents a planned variation of resistance training variables (i.e., volume, intensity, frequency, etc.), is one strategy that could be used to target limb-muscle strength as well as limb-muscle endurance within the same exercise regimen.METHODS: This is an international, multicenter, randomized controlled trial comparing the effect and feasibility of non-linear periodized resistance training to traditional non-periodized resistance training in people with COPD. Primary outcomes are dynamic limb-muscle strength and endurance. Secondary outcomes include static limb-muscle strength and endurance, functional performance, quality of life, dyspnea, intramuscular adaptations as well as the proportion of responders. Feasibility of the training programs will be assessed and compared on attendance rate, duration, satisfaction, drop-outs as well as occurrence and severity of any adverse events.DISCUSSION: The proposed trial will provide new knowledge to this research area by investigating and comparing the feasibility and effects of non-linear periodized resistance training compared to traditional non-periodized resistance training. If the former strategy produces larger physiological adaptations than non-periodized resistance training, this project may influence the prescription of resistance training in people with COPD.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT03518723 . Registered on 13 April 2018.
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| 2. |
- Frykholm, Erik, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Test-retest reliability of three strategies to measure quadriceps muscle endurance in people with COPD
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society. - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 52
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Despite its clinical relevance, there is no consensus on how to measure quadriceps muscle endurance in people with COPD. Moreover, the reliability of available measurement strategies are only partly known.Aim: To determine test-retest reliability and feasibility of isokinetic, isometric and isotonic protocols to assess quadriceps muscle endurance in people with COPD.Method: Fifty nine participants (FEV1 of predicted 55±18%, age 67±8 years) were included and tested in an interday multicentre test-retest design with test occasions separated by 5-9 days. Quadriceps muscle endurance was assessed using isokinetic, isometric and isotonic knee extension protocols controlled by a computerized dynamometer. Relative reliability was determined by intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC)( two-way mixed effects, absolute agreement, single measurement) and absolute reliability by standard error of measurement (SEM).Result: Isokinetic measurements demonstrated very high relative reliability (ICC: [95% confidence interval] 0.97 [0.94-0.99]), and isometric and isotonic demonstrated high relative reliability (0.89 [0.79-0.94], and 0.89 [0.82-0.94], respectively). Mean values across test-retest occasions were 2122 joules, 49 seconds, and 29 repetitions, for isokinetic, isometric and isotonic measurements, respectively. Corresponding SEM values were 150 joules, 7 seconds, and 5 repetitions. All three measurement strategies were feasible with an average time consumption of less than 10 minutes and no major adverse events.Conclusion: The results indicate that isokinetic, isotonic and isometric measurements of quadriceps muscle endurance are reliable and feasible in people with COPD.
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| 3. |
- Hellebuyck, Denis H., et al.
(författare)
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Fire Behaviour of Less-Combustible Dielectric Liquids in a Nuclear Facility
- 2016
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Ingår i: Fire Technology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0015-2684 .- 1572-8099. ; 52:2, s. 289-308
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transformers, modulators and other high voltage electrical equipment are traditionally filled with mineral oil, which serves as a coolant and dielectric insulator. A rising trend is observed globally towards the adoption of less-combustible, bio-degradable transformer liquids at ever increasing voltages and power ratings. This paper presents a study of the fire behavior of five different dielectric transformer coolants: mineral oil, silicone liquid, synthetic ester, and two natural esters. Two types of tests were performed: comparative small-scale tests with two types of pans in the Cone Calorimeter (ISO 5660-1), and intermediate-scale pool fire experiments under the hood of an oxygen consumption calorimeter. The data obtained in this study are used in a fire engineering analysis of the evacuation and smoke removal from the 5900 m2 gallery in the planned European Spallation Source in Lund, Sweden. The comparative results indicate a wide range of fire properties for the tested liquids. The heat release rates calculated from the Cone Calorimeter experiments are reasonably consistent with tabulated values, except for the silicone liquid. The latter forms a crust on the liquid surface which significantly impedes combustion. Heat losses from the burning surface to cooler liquid below and pan boundaries have a significant effect on the burning behavior. These scale-dependent phenomena imply that great care should be taken in using small-scale burning data in a fire engineering analysis. Additional work is needed to gain a better understanding of the relation between small-scale tests and large-scale tests, and between the behavior of these liquids in pool fire experiments and that in real fires.
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| 4. |
- Hendrix, S. B., et al.
(författare)
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Alzheimer's Disease Composite Score: a Post-Hoc Analysis Using Data from the LipiDiDiet Trial in Prodromal Alzheimer's Disease
- 2019
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Ingår i: Jpad-Journal of Prevention of Alzheimers Disease. - : SERDI. - 2274-5807 .- 2426-0266. ; 6:4, s. 232-236
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As research evolves in prodromal AD, the need to validate sufficiently sensitive outcome measures, e.g. the Alzheimer's Disease Composite Score (ADCOMS) is clear. In the LipiDiDiet randomized trial in prodromal AD, cognitive decline in the study population was much less than expected in the timeframe studied. While the primary composite endpoint was insufficiently sensitive to detect a difference in the modified intention to treat population, the per-protocol population showed less decline in the active than the control group, indicating better treatment effects with regular product intake. These results were further strengthened by significant benefits on secondary endpoints of cognition and function, and brain atrophy. The present post-hoc analysis investigated whether ADCOMS could detect a difference between groups in the LipiDiDiet population (138 active, 140 control). The estimated mean change in ADCOMS from baseline (standard error) was 0.085 (0.018) in the active and 0.133 (0.018) in the control group; estimated mean treatment difference -0.048 (95% confidence intervals -0.090, -0.007; p=0.023), or 36% less decline in the active group. This suggests ADCOMS identified the cognitive and functional benefits observed previously, confirming the sensitivity of this composite measure.
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| 6. |
- Migueles, Jairo H., et al.
(författare)
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Comparability of accelerometer signal aggregation metrics across placements and dominant wrist cut points for the assessment of physical activity in adults
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2045-2322. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large epidemiological studies that use accelerometers for physical behavior and sleep assessment differ in the location of the accelerometer attachment and the signal aggregation metric chosen. This study aimed to assess the comparability of acceleration metrics between commonly-used body-attachment locations for 24 hours, waking and sleeping hours, and to test comparability of PA cut points between dominant and non-dominant wrist. Forty-five young adults (23 women, 18-41 years) were included and GT3X + accelerometers (ActiGraph, Pensacola, FL, USA) were placed on their right hip, dominant, and non-dominant wrist for 7 days. We derived Euclidean Norm Minus One g (ENMO), Low-pass filtered ENMO (LFENMO), Mean Amplitude Deviation (MAD) and ActiGraph activity counts over 5-second epochs from the raw accelerations. Metric values were compared using a correlation analysis, and by plotting the differences by time of the day. Cut points for the dominant wrist were derived using Lins concordance correlation coefficient optimization in a grid of possible thresholds, using the nondominant wrist estimates as reference. They were cross-validated in a separate sample (N = 36, 10 women, 22-30 years). Shared variances between pairs of acceleration metrics varied across sites and metric pairs (range in r(2) : 0.19-0.97, all p amp;lt; 0.01), suggesting that some sites and metrics are associated, and others are not. We observed higher metric values in dominant vs. non-dominant wrist, thus, we developed cut points for dominant wrist based on ENMO to classify sedentary time (amp;lt;50 mg), light PA (50-110 mg), moderate PA (110-440 mg) and vigorous PA (amp;gt;= 440 mg). Our findings suggest differences between dominant and non-dominant wrist, and we proposed new cut points to attenuate these differences. ENMO and LFENMO were the most similar metrics, and they showed good comparability with MAD. However, counts were not comparable with ENMO, LFENMO and MAD.
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