| 1. |
- Andersson, Petra, et al.
(författare)
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Satsning mot bostadsbränder
- 2014
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Ingår i: Brandposten. ; :50, s. 18-
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 2. |
- Arwidsson, Zandra, et al.
(författare)
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Remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil washing residues with amino polycarboxylic acids
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Hazardous Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3894 .- 1873-3336. ; 173:1-3, s. 697-704
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Removal of Cu, Pb, and Zn by the action of the two biodegradable chelating agents [S,S]-ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS) and methylglycinediacetic acid (MGDA), as well as citric acid, was tested. Three soil samples, which had previously been treated by conventional soil washing (water), were utilized in the leaching tests. Experiments were performed in batches (0.3 kg-scale) and with a WTC-mixer system (Water Treatment Construction, 10 kg-scale). EDDS and MGDA were most often equally efficient in removing Cu, Pb, and Zn after 10-60 min. Nonetheless, after 10 d, there were occasionally significant differences in extraction efficiencies. Extraction with citric acid was generally less efficient, however equal for Zn (mainly) after 10 d. Metal removal was similar in batch and WTC-mixer systems, which indicates that a dynamic mixer system could be used in full-scale. Use of biodegradable amino polycarboxylic acids for metal removal, as a second step after soil washing, would release most remaining metals (Cu, Pb and Zn) from the present soils, however only after long leaching time. Thus, a full-scale procedure, based on enhanced metal leaching by amino polycarboxylic acids from soil of the present kind, Would require a pre-leaching step lasting several days in order to be efficient. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Audouin, L., et al.
(författare)
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Quantifying differences between computational results and measurements in the case of a large-scale well-confined fire scenario
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nuclear Engineering and Design. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-759X .- 0029-5493. ; 241:1, s. 18-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this work was to quantify comparisons between several computational results and measurements performed during a pool fire scenario in a well-confined compartment. This collaborative work was initiated under the framework of the OECD fire research program and involves the most frequently used fire models in the fire community, including field and zone models. The experimental scenario was conducted at the French Institut de Radioprotection et de Surete Nucleaire (IRSN) and deals with a full-scale liquid pool fire in a confined and mechanically ventilated compartment representative for nuclear plants. The practical use of different metric operators and their ability to report the capabilities of fire models are presented. The quantitative comparisons between measurements and numerical results obtained from "open" calculations concern six important quantities from a safety viewpoint: gas temperature, oxygen concentration, wall temperature, total heat flux, compartment pressure and ventilation flow rate during the whole fire duration. The results indicate that it is important to use more than one metric for the validation process in order to get information on the uncertainties associated with different aspects of fire safety. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Elgh-Dalgren, Kristin, et al.
(författare)
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Bioremediation of a soil industrially contaminated by wood preservatives : degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and monitoring of coupled arsenic distribution
- 2011
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Ingår i: Water, Air and Soil Pollution. - Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands. - 0049-6979 .- 1573-2932. ; 214:1-4, s. 275-285
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two commercially available aerobic bioremediation methods (Daramend® and BioSan) were utilized to study the aerobic biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and the effect of the simultaneously present arsenic. The soil was collected at an old wood preservation site and the initial PAH16-concentration was 46 mg/kg, with mainly high molecular weight congeners. The As-concentration was105 mg/kg with low availability as assessed with sequential extraction. To enahce the availability of PAH, the effect of a non-ionic surfactant was evaluated. Degradation of both low and high molecular weight PAH was observed, however after 30 weeks, the degradation was generally low and no treatment was significantly better than the others. The treatments had, on the other hand, an effect on As-distribution, with increased As-concentration in the available fraction after treatment. This may be due to both the microbial activity and the presence of anoxic micro sites in the soil. The overall efficiency of the biological treatment was further evaluated using the standardized ecotoxicity test utilizing Vibrio fischeri (Microtox®). The toxicity test demonstrated that the bioremediation led to an increase in toxicity, especially in treatments receiving surfactant. The surfactant implied an increase in contaminant availability but also a decrease in surface tension, which might have contributed to the overall toxicity increase.
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| 5. |
- Elgh-Dalgren, Kristin, et al.
(författare)
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Re-cycling of remediated soil : evaluation of leaching tests as tools for characterization
- 2011
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Ingår i: Waste Management. - : Pergamon Press. - 0956-053X .- 1879-2456. ; 31:2, s. 215-224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden, leaching tests with deionized water (D.W.) are frequently utilized in risk assessment, but implementation of these results to evaluate the risk of spreading in the environment is difficult. One problem is that most leaching procedures only consider heavy metals release, whereas organic pollutants are left out. The aim of the present study was to assess the possible pollutant mitigation in four remediated soils, three with heavy metals and one with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), utilizing three different leaching solutions: D.W., a weak ionic solution (0.001 M CaCl2) and an artificially made soil water (ASW). In general, batch leaching implied larger contaminant removal than column leaching, possibly due to the more rough treatment of the soil particles, and guidelines would at times be exceeded by batch leaching but not column leaching. Utilization of CaCl2 was found to release much less heavy metal than D.W., whereas the metals mobilized by ASW were removed from solution by the filtration of soil leachates. Low molecular weight PAH was most efficiently mobilized by CaCl2, while D.W. worked better for high molecular weight PAH. Despite very low initial PAH-concentrations, tap- and groundwater criteria were exceeded by all leaching solutions.
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| 6. |
- Fujii, Kazumichi, et al.
(författare)
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Biodegradation of low molecular weight organic compounds and their contribution to heterotrophic soil respiration in three Japanese forest soils
- 2010
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Ingår i: Plant and Soil. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0032-079X .- 1573-5036. ; 334:1-2, s. 475-489
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low molecular weight (LMW) organic compounds in soil solution could be important substrates for heterotrophic soil respiration. The importance of LMW organic compound mineralization in heterotrophic soil respiration needs to be confirmed for different types of soils. The concentrations of LMW organic compounds in soil solution and mineralization kinetics of C-14-radiolabelled glucose, acetate, oxalate and citrate were studied in three Japanese forest soils (Andisol, Spodosol and Inceptisol) with varying adsorption capacities. Based on those results, the fluxes of LMW organic compound mineralization and their magnitude relative to heterotrophic soil respiration were quantified. Monosaccharides and organic acids comprised on average 5.9-11.2% and 0.9-1.4% of dissolved organic carbon in soil solution, respectively. Monosaccharide mineralization make up 49-74% of heterotrophic (basal) soil respiration at the soil-profile scale, while organic acid mineralization accounts for between 5% (Andisol) and 47-58% (Spodosol and Inceptisol) of heterotrophic soil respiration. The mineralization of LMW organic compounds is a substantial fraction of heterotrophic soil respiration regardless of soil type, owing to their rapid and continuous production and consumption. The specific contribution of organic acid mineralization to heterotrophic soil respiration varies depending on soil adsorption capacities, namely iron and aluminum oxides.
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| 7. |
- Hjohlman, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Flame Spread Modelling of Complex Textile Materials
- 2011
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Ingår i: Fire Technology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0015-2684 .- 1572-8099. ; 47:1, s. 85-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Flame spread in textile materials was modelled using two different simulation programs: the semi-empirical area-based code ConeTools, and the computational fluid dynamics, CFD, code Fire Dynamics Simulator, FDS, (version 5). Two textile products developed within the EU-project Flexifunbar were selected for study. The two products show a large difference in composition and application area, one material is developed to function as a protecting layer for the underlying structure in case of fire while the other is an insulating material with no requirements on fire performance. The products represent materials for which fire test results indicate a classification on either end of the rating scale for wall materials according to EN 13501. Two FDS-models were developed for the simulations. The first FDS model was a relatively simple model of the small scale Cone Calorimeter test (ISO 5660) which served the purpose of a first preliminary validation of the model for pyrolysis of the material. In the second FDS model, a model of the intermediate scale Single Burning Item, SBI, test method (EN 13823), the fire scenario was expanded to simulate flame spread over a surface. The work included determination of the necessary material properties. In ConeTools, the option to predict an SBI test was used. The results from the two simulation methods were compared to real SBI tests. Neither model was able to fully predict the heat release rate for these complex products. However, the results from both codes were accurate enough to correctly predict the fire rating class for wall linings according to EN13501.
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| 8. |
- Jans, Anneke, et al.
(författare)
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Transcriptional Metabolic Inflexibility in Skeletal Muscle Among Individuals With Increasing Insulin Resistance
- 2011
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Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 19:11, s. 2158-2166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Disturbances in skeletal muscle lipid metabolism may play an important role in development of insulin resistance (IR). The aim was to investigate transcriptional control of skeletal muscle fatty acid (FA) metabolism in individuals with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) with varying degrees of insulin sensitivity (S(I)). 122 individuals with MetS (NCEP-ATP III criteria) at age 35-70 years, BMI 27-38 kg/m(2) were studied (subgroup EU-LIPGENE study). Individuals were divided into quartiles of S(I) measured during a frequently sampled insulin modified intravenous glucose tolerance test. Skeletal muscle normalized mRNA expression levels of genes important in skeletal muscle FA handling were analyzed with quantitative real-time PCR. The expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP1c), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2), diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT1), and nuclear respiration factor (NRF) was higher in the lowest two quartiles of S(I) (<50th) compared with the highest two quartiles of S(I) (>50th). Interestingly, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1 alpha), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha), and muscle carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1b (mCPT1), important for oxidative metabolism, showed a complex mRNA expression profile; levels were lower in both the most "insulin sensitive" (IS) as well as the most "IR" individuals. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mRNA was reduced in the lowest quartile of S(I). Enhanced gene expression of SREBP1c and ACC2 in the IR state suggests a tendency towards FA storage rather than oxidation. From the lower expression of PGC1 alpha, PPAR alpha, and mCPT1 in both the most "IS" as well as the most "IR" individuals, it may be speculated that "IS" subjects do not need to upregulate these genes to have a normal FA oxidation, whereas the most "IR" individuals are inflexible in upregulating these genes.
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| 9. |
- Johansson, Nils, et al.
(författare)
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A correlation for predicting smoke layer temperature in a room adjacent to a room involved in a pre-flashover fire
- 2014
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Ingår i: Fire and Materials. - : Wiley. - 1099-1018 .- 0308-0501. ; 38:2, s. 182-193
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Advanced fire modelling software have been developed and improved during the last couple of decays and thesekinds of software have been shown to be valuable tools for fire safety engineers. However, the advances made have not replaced the need for simple hand-calculation methods. Simple hand-calculations methods can be used to obtain a first estimate of, for example, smoke layer temperatures in a performance-based design or to help an engineer determine if it is necessary to perform a detailed computational fluid dynamics calculation, but the current hand-calculations methods are limited. The current methods can for example only predict smoke gas temperatures in the fire room. A correlation that could predict temperatures in an adjacent space would be useful in performance-based design when, for example, evaluating the conditions for evacuees or sensitive equipment in an adjacent space to the room of fire origin. In this paper, a correlation for predicting gas temperatures in a room adjacent to a room involved in a pre-flashover fire is developed. The correlation is derived from results from computer simulations and the external validity is studied by comparing results from the correlation with full-scale test data.
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| 10. |
- Johansson, Nils, et al.
(författare)
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A Cost-Benefit Analysis of Fire Protection Systems Designed to Protect Against Exterior Arson Fires in Schools
- 2012
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Ingår i: 9th International Conference on Performance-Based Codes and Fire Safety Design Methods.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Fires in school buildings caused by arson are a major problem in Sweden. The costs of these fires are disproportionately high compared to the costs of fires in buildings in general, and it has been shown that fires that start outside of the building in connection with an exterior wall, so called exterior fires are especially problematic. However, technical systems can be used to mitigate the consequences of arson fires in school buildings. In this paper a cost-benefit analysis is used to calculate cost-benefit ratios for four technical systems used to detect these types of fires.
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