| 1. |
- Aamodt, K., et al.
(författare)
-
The ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 3:S08002
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is a general-purpose, heavy-ion detector at the CERN LHC which focuses on QCD, the strong-interaction sector of the Standard Model. It is designed to address the physics of strongly interacting matter and the quark-gluon plasma at extreme values of energy density and temperature in nucleus-nucleus collisions. Besides running with Pb ions, the physics programme includes collisions with lighter ions, lower energy running and dedicated proton-nucleus runs. ALICE will also take data with proton beams at the top LHC energy to collect reference data for the heavy-ion programme and to address several QCD topics for which ALICE is complementary to the other LHC detectors. The ALICE detector has been built by a collaboration including currently over 1000 physicists and engineers from 105 Institutes in 30 countries, Its overall dimensions are 16 x 16 x 26 m(3) with a total weight of approximately 10 000 t. The experiment consists of 18 different detector systems each with its own specific technology choice and design constraints, driven both by the physics requirements and the experimental conditions expected at LHC. The most stringent design constraint is to cope with the extreme particle multiplicity anticipated in central Pb-Pb collisions. The different subsystems were optimized to provide high-momentum resolution as well as excellent Particle Identification (PID) over a broad range in momentum, up to the highest multiplicities predicted for LHC. This will allow for comprehensive studies of hadrons, electrons, muons, and photons produced in the collision of heavy nuclei. Most detector systems are scheduled to be installed and ready for data taking by mid-2008 when the LHC is scheduled to start operation, with the exception of parts of the Photon Spectrometer (PHOS), Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) and Electro Magnetic Calorimeter (EMCal). These detectors will be completed for the high-luminosity ion run expected in 2010. This paper describes in detail the detector components as installed for the first data taking in the summer of 2008.
|
|
| 2. |
- Adewumi, Oluseun, et al.
(författare)
-
Characterization of human embryonic stem cell lines by the International Stem Cell Initiative
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Nature Biotechnology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1087-0156 .- 1546-1696. ; 25:7, s. 803-816
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The International Stem Cell Initiative characterized 59 human embryonic stem cell lines from 17 laboratories worldwide. Despite diverse genotypes and different techniques used for derivation and maintenance, all lines exhibited similar expression patterns for several markers of human embryonic stem cells. They expressed the glycolipid antigens SSEA3 and SSEA4, the keratan sulfate antigens TRA-1-60, TRA-1-81, GCTM2 and GCT343, and the protein antigens CD9, Thy1 (also known as CD90), tissue- nonspecific alkaline phosphatase and class 1 HLA, as well as the strongly developmentally regulated genes NANOG, POU5F1 (formerly known as OCT4), TDGF1, DNMT3B, GABRB3 and GDF3. Nevertheless, the lines were not identical: differences in expression of several lineage markers were evident, and several imprinted genes showed generally similar allele-specific expression patterns, but some gene-dependent variation was observed. Also, some female lines expressed readily detectable levels of XIST whereas others did not. No significant contamination of the lines with mycoplasma, bacteria or cytopathic viruses was detected.
|
|
| 3. |
- Hansson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
-
What works for whom in a computer-mediated communication intervention in community psychiatry? Moderators of outcome in a cluster randomized trial.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1600-0447 .- 0001-690X. ; Aug 27, s. 404-409
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: An intervention to structure patient-key worker communication has been tested in a randomized controlled trial. The aim of this paper was to investigate effectiveness of the intervention in terms of moderators of effectiveness. Method: A total of 507 patients with schizophrenia were included. Moderators of effectiveness were investigated using two-way anovas. Results: Patients with a better relationship with their key worker and a shorter duration of illness at baseline benefited more from the intervention in terms of quality of life. Patients who received the intervention who were in competitive employment or had a shorter duration of illness showed greater reduction of unmet needs. Older patients receiving the intervention had better treatment satisfaction. Conclusion: Outcome of the intervention was moderated by patient characteristics. Moreover, the moderating characteristics varied depending on the specific outcome. Evidence on moderators is very limited, even though, they are significant for understanding, targeting and implementing complex interventions.
|
|
| 4. |
- Rehm, J., et al.
(författare)
-
Alcohol use disorders in EU countries and Norway : An overview of the epidemiology
- 2005
-
Ingår i: European Neuropsychopharmacology. - 0924-977X .- 1873-7862. ; 15:4, s. 377-388
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on a systematic literature search and an expert survey, publications after 1990 on prevalence of alcohol use disorders (AUD) in EU countries and Norway were reviewed. The search was restricted to studies using the DSM-IIIR or DSM-IV, or ICD-10, plus validated instruments to assess AUD. Using only representative general population surveys, the weighted median estimates for 12-month prevalence rates for dependence alone are 6.1% for males (arithmetic mean 5.0%; interquartile range 0.4% to 7.5%) and 1.1% for females (arithmetic mean 1.4%; interquartile range 0.1% to 2.1%). Results thus showed, that AUD constitute a high burden of disease in Europe, but there was high variability of prevalence. Men have higher prevalence rates of AUD than women. No clear pictures emerged with respect to age and AUD prevalence, or with respect to urban vs. rural and AUD prevalence. The discussion highlights potential explanations for the high variability of prevalence between countries, and the fact, that AUD constitute only a small part of all alcohol-related harm.
|
|
| 5. |
- Rehm, J., et al.
(författare)
-
Problematic drug use and drug use disorders in EU countries and Norway : An overview of the epidemiology
- 2005
-
Ingår i: European Neuropsychopharmacology. - 0924-977X .- 1873-7862. ; 15:4, s. 389-397
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of drug use disorders in the European Union and Norway. METHOD: Based on a systematic literature search and an expert survey, publications after 1990 on prevalence of drug use disorders (DUD, defined as drug dependence and drug abuse or harmful use) in EU countries and Norway were reviewed. The search included both direct estimations based on general population surveys using the DSM-IIIR, DSM-IV, or ICD-10 definitions of DUD; and indirect estimates based on other epidemiological methods, such as multiplier procedures based on treatment or legal data and capture-recapture techniques. The indirect methods did not use diagnostic criteria, but criteria based on duration and pattern of use, labelled as problematic drug use as a meaningful approximation. RESULTS: The majority of DUD as estimated from direct methods using general population surveys were cannabis use disorders, usually not included in indirect estimates. The prevalence of thus defined disorders can be as high as 3%. For disorders other than cannabis use disorders (i.e. opioid, cocaine and amphetamine use disorders), indirect estimates of prevalence were consistently higher than those based on direct estimates, and ranged between 0.3% and 0.9% in European Union countries and Norway. Men have higher prevalence rates of DUD than women, but the difference was much less pronounced in general population surveys. Younger age (18-25 years) is the age group with the highest estimates. CONCLUSION: General population surveys typically result in a serious underestimation of the prevalence of DUD other than cannabis use disorders, because many people with DUD are not reached by these surveys (hidden populations). Based on the more valid indirect estimates, it is concluded that problem drug use constitutes a relatively high burden of disease and social problems in Europe.
|
|
