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- Agüero-Torres, H, et al.
(författare)
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Dementia is the major cause of functional dependence in the elderly : 3-year follow-up data from a population-based study
- 1998
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Ingår i: American Journal of Public Health. - : American Public Health Association. - 0090-0036 .- 1541-0048. ; 88:10, s. 1452-1456
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this investigation was to study the role of dementia and other common age-related diseases as determinants of dependence in activities of daily living (ADL) in the elderly. METHODS: The study population consisted of 1745 persons, aged 75 years and older, living in a district of Stockholm. They were examined at baseline and after a 3-year follow-up interval. Katz's index was used to measure functional status. Functional dependence at baseline, functional decline, and development of functional dependence at follow-up were examined in relation to sociodemographic characteristics and chronic conditions. RESULTS: At baseline, factors associated with functional dependence were age, dementia, cerebrovascular disease, heart disease, and hip fracture. However, only age and dementia were associated with the development of functional dependence and decline after 3 years. In a similar analysis, including only nondemented subjects. Mini-Mental State Examination scores emerged as one of the strongest determinants. The population attributable risk percentage of dementia in the development of functional dependence was 49%. CONCLUSIONS: In a very old population, dementia and cognitive impairment make the strongest contribution to both the development of long-term functional dependence and decline in function.
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| 2. |
- Forsell, Y, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence and correlates of depression in a population of nonagenarians
- 1995
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Ingår i: British Journal of Psychiatry. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 0007-1250 .- 1472-1465. ; 167:1, s. 61-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND Clinicians see many more nonagenarian patients now and there is a need for epidemiological data relating to this group. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of depressive symptoms and syndromes in this age group.METHOD The DSM-IV and the ICD-10 criteria for depression were used and correlated with physical health, disability in daily life, gender, use of drugs, social circumstances and cognitive dysfunction. Data were derived from 329 persons aged 90 and over, registered in a parish of Stockholm, who had been extensively examined by physicians and nurses.RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of Major Depressive Episode as defined in DSM-IV was 7.9%; and of mild, moderate and severe Depressive Episode (combined); as defined in ICD-10 9.1%. No gender difference was found. Disability in daily life and the use of psychotropic drugs were found to correlate with depressive symptoms and syndromes.
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| 4. |
- Fratiglioni, L, et al.
(författare)
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Very Old Women at Highest Risk of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease : Incidence Data from the Kungsholmen Project, Stockholm
- 1997
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Ingår i: Neurology. - : American Academy of Neurology. - 0028-3878 .- 1526-632X. ; 48:1, s. 132-138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To determine the incidence of different types of dementia in the very old, and to explore the relation with age and gender. Design: A dementia-free cohort was followed for an average of three years in Stockholm, Sweden. At the end of the follow-up, the subjects were interviewed by nurses, clinically examined by physicians, and cognitively assessed by psychologists. Deceased cohort members were studied using death certificates, hospital clinical records, and discharge diagnoses. Dementia diagnoses were made according to the DSM-III-R criteria independently by two physicians. Participants: The cohort consisted of 1,473 subjects (75+ years old), of which 987 were clinically examined at follow-up, 314 died before the examination, and 172 refused to participate. Results: During the follow-up, 148 subjects developed dementia. In the age-group 75 to 79, the incidence rates for dementia were 19.6 for women and 12.4 for men per 1,000 person-years, whereas for 90+ year-old subjects the corresponding figures were 86.7 and 15.0 per 1,000 person-years. A similar pattern of distribution by age and gender was seen for Alzheimer's disease. In each age stratum, the incidence rates of dementia and Alzheimer's disease were higher for women than for men. The age-adjusted odds ratio for women was 1.9 for dementia and 3.1 for Alzheimer's disease. Conclusions: (1) The incidence of dementia increases with age, even in the oldest age groups; (2) women have a higher risk of developing dementia than men, especially at very old ages; (3) this pattern is mainly due to the age and gender distribution of Alzheimer's disease, rather than vascular dementia.
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| 5. |
- Gip, C, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of dementia in nonagenarians
- 1997
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Ingår i: Alzheimer’s disease. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0471969648 ; , s. 45-48
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- von Strauss, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Aging and the occurrence of dementia : Findings From a Population-Based Cohort With a Large Sample of Nonagenarians
- 1999
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Ingår i: Archives of Neurology. - : American Medical Association. - 0003-9942 .- 1538-3687. ; 56:5, s. 587-592
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context In spite of numerous studies on the occurrence of dementia, many questions remain, such as the relation between age, aging, and dementing disorders. This question is relevant both for understanding the pathogenetic mechanism of the dementias and for the public health prospective because of the increasing number of 85-year-old or older persons in our population.Objective To estimate the occurrence of dementia in the very old, including nonagenarians, in relation to age, gender, and different dementia types.Design An epidemiological survey where all participants were clinically examined by physicians, assessed by psychologists, and interviewed by nurses. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Revised Third Edition (DSM-III-R) criteria for dementia were followed. A category of "questionable dementia" was added when all criteria were not fulfilled. A double diagnostic procedure was used for all subjects.Setting Community-based population, including all inhabitants of 2 areas in central Stockholm, Sweden (N=1848).Participants Of the 1848 subjects in the study population, 168 (9.1%) had died and 56 (3%) moved before examination. Of the remaining subjects, 1424 (87.7%) were examined, and the refusal rate was 12.3%.Main Outcome Measures Age- and gender-specific prevalence figures, and gender- and education-adjusted odds ratios were used.Results At the end of the diagnostic procedure, 358 clinically definite cases of dementia and 101 questionable cases of dementia were identified. Alzheimer disease (AD) contributed to 76.5%, and vascular dementia (VaD) to 17.9%. The prevalence of dementia increases from 13% in the 77- to 84-year-old subjects to 48% among persons 95 years and older (from 18% to 61% when questionable cases were included). The odds ratio for subjects 90 to 94 years and 95 years and older in comparison with 77- to 84-year-old subjects was 3.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.7-5.1) and 6.5 (95% CI, 3.9-10.8) for dementia, 4.8 (95% CI, 3.3-7.0) and 8.0 (95% CI, 4.6-14.0) for persons with AD, 2.3 (95% CI, 1.3-4.2) and 4.6 (95% CI, 1.9-11.2) for VaD, respectively.Conclusions Dementia prevalence continues to increase even in the most advanced ages. This increase is especially evident among women and is more clear for AD. We believe that our prevalence data reflect the differential distribution of dementia risk.
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| 8. |
- von Strauss, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Attitudes and participation of the elderly in population surveys : data from a longitudinal study on aging and dementia in Stockholm
- 1998
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. - : Elsevier. - 0895-4356 .- 1878-5921. ; 51:3, s. 181-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this article was to assess the attitudes of older adults (age >74 years) toward research participation. A questionnaire was mailed to the study population (n = 1197) which included people who had participated in a longitudinal study once, twice, three times, or more. The participants showed a positive attitude in general as 79% saw an advantage of participation and 72% did not report any negative reaction. Older elderly with impaired cognitive functioning and lower education showed the least positive attitude, reporting the first contact and the cognitive testing as the most stressful situations. The group who had participated more than once was the most positive, but more often refused some parts of the clinical examination. We conclude that: (1) more attention is necessary to the initial contact; (2) reduction of stressful or tiring examinations is recommended; and (3) complete information about the research, including the right to refuse individual parts of the study, must be given. Such procedures will improve both the quality and the ethics of the research.
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