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- Adamus, Grazyna, et al.
(författare)
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MALDI-TOF MS Reveals the Molecular Level Structures of Different Hydrophilic-Hydrophobic Polyether-esters
- 2009
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Ingår i: Biomacromolecules. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1525-7797 .- 1526-4602. ; 10:6, s. 1540-1546
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multi- and triblock copolymers based on 1,5-dioxepan-2-one/epsilon-caprolactone (DXO/CL) were investigated by MALDI-TOF MS to determine the influence of copolymer composition and architecture on the molecular structures at the individual chain level. The copolymer compositions, average block lengths, and molecular weights were determined by H-1 and C-13 NMR and by SEC, respectively. The structures of polyether-ester oligomers (linear, cyclic) as well as the chemical structures of their end groups were established on the basis of their MALDI-TOF mass spectra. The mass spectrum of PDXO homopolymer was relatively simple, however, complex mass spectra were obtained in the case of multi- and triblock copolymers and the mass spectra clearly discerned the molecular level effect of copolymer composition and copolymer type.
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| 5. |
- Albertsson, Ann-Christine, et al.
(författare)
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Emission of volatiles from polymers - A new approach for understanding polymer degradation
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Polymers and the Environment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1566-2543 .- 1572-8919 .- 1572-8900. ; 14:1, s. 8-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emission of low molar mass compounds from different polymeric materials was determined and the results from the volatile analysis were applied to predict the degree of degradation and long-term properties, to determine degradation rates and mechanisms, to differentiate between biotic and abiotic degradation and for quality control work. Solid-phase microextraction and solid-phase extraction together with GC-MS were applied to identify and quantify the low molar mass compounds. Volatiles were released and monitored at early stages of degradation before any matrix changes were observed by e.g. SEC, DSC and tensile testing. The analysis of volatiles can thus also be applied to detect small differences between polymeric materials and their susceptibility to degradation. The formation of certain degradation products correlated with the changes taking place in the polymer matrix, these indicator products could, thus, be analysed to rapidly predict the degree of degradation in the polymer matrix and further to predict the long-term properties and remaining lifetime of the product.
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| 7. |
- Badía, J. D., et al.
(författare)
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A thermogravimetric approach to study the influence of a biodegradation in soil test to a Poly(lactic acid)
- 2008
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Ingår i: Macromolecular Symposia. - : Wiley. - 1022-1360 .- 1521-3900. ; 272:1, s. 93-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An amorphous grade Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) was selected for an accelerated burial in soil test during 450 days. Thermogravimetric analyses were carried out to study the effects of degradation in soil on the thermal stability and the thermal decomposition kinetics. A single stage decomposition process is observed for all degradation times. It is shown that the thermal stability of PLA is slightly affected by degradation in soil. Concerning the study of the thermal decomposition kinetics, Criado master curves were plotted from experimental data to focus the study of the thermodegradation kinetic model.The kinetic methods proposed by Broido and Chang were used to calculate the apparent activation energies (Ea) of the degradation mechanism. These results were compared to the Ea values obtained by the method developed by Coats and Redfern in order to prove the applicability of the former methods to the kinetic study. As expected, non-linear tendency is found out for Ea variation along the degradation times, which can be explained as an evolution by stages. Copyright © 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.
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| 8. |
- Burman, Lina, et al.
(författare)
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Indicator products and chromatographic fingerprinting : New tools for degradation state and lifetime estimation
- 2008
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Ingår i: CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR SUSTAINABLE POLYMERIC MATERIALS: RENEWABLE, DEGRADABLE AND RECYCLABLE. - Berlin : Springer Verlag. - 9783540787624 ; , s. 1-22
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The demands on polymeric products are growing both with respect to their function and purity. There is a need for new high-throughput characterisation tools for rapid quality control and evaluation of materials. Precise control over degradation rate and service-life are also prerequisites for successful use of degradable polymers in an increasing number of applications. The chromatographic fingerprinting and indicator product concepts, presented in the current paper, are novel and attractive alternatives for rapid evaluation of the product quality, degradability, durability and service-life. The sensitivity of these techniques allows for detection of small initial changes in the materials and signs of early degradation. The possible applications include evaluation of different pro-oxidants or antioxidants, optimisation of processing parameters, evaluation of long-term properties or storage stability and lifetime prediction. The same principal could also be applied to process control and monitoring, acceptance or rejection of raw materials, intermediate and final products. The usefulness of indicator products and chromatographic fingerprinting is shown for estimation of the degradation state of degradable polyethylene. in addition, chromatographic fingerprinting together with multivariate data analysis is utilised to classify degradable polyethylene materials based on their incorporated pro-oxidant systems.
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| 9. |
- Carlborg, Carl Fredrik, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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RELIABLE BATCH MANUFACTURING OF MINIATURIZED VERTICAL VIAS IN SOFT POLYMER REPLICA MOLDING
- 2007
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Ingår i: 11th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences (microTAS 2007). ; , s. 527-529
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We introduce and have successfully tested an uncomplicated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) compatible method for batch manufacturing vertical microfluidic interconnects via a surface inhibition of cationic photopolymerization. The yield of the maskless method is 100%. Moreover, the method enhances bond strength with subsequently laminated polymer layers.
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| 10. |
- Champ, Simon, et al.
(författare)
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Biocidal coatings
- 2006
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Patent (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Biocidal multilayered system, characterized in that it comprises at least the following layers: - an anionic or cationic carrier, preferably cellulose as anionic carrier, - on this carrier alternating polymeric cationic and anionic layers starting with a layer having a charge opposite to that of the carrier, - wherein at least one layer is hydrophobically modified.
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