| 1. |
- Helms, Karey, 1985-
(författare)
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A Speculative Ethics for Designing with Bodily Fluids
- 2022
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This essay performs a speculative ethics in designing with a researcher's own bodily fluids. This is through the creation of "performative texts", which are autoethnographic accounts of past experiences in which written words perform through visual and spatial compositions alongside verbal readings aloud. I present three performative texts about moments of discomfort in designing with milk from my own breastfeeding relationship. They are to reflect upon felt experiences of potential harm and to understand social and material relations of care. From these I offer three possibilities for how HCI might consider the ethics of first-person research in attending to more-than-human entanglements: unsafe spaces, situated escapes, and censored inclusion. These possibilities and the approach of performative texts contribute to research for more sustainable futures by exploring the decentering of humans through an intimate engagement with the self.
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| 2. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962
(författare)
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Pragmatic Challenges in Practical Ethics
- 2023
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Ingår i: In: Garcia, A., Gunnemyr, M. & Werkmäster, J. Value, Morality & Social Reality: Essays dedicated to Dan Egonsson, Björn Petersson & Toni Rønnow-Rasmussen.. - Lund : Department of Philosophy, Lund University. - 9789189415669 ; , s. 275-285
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This brief essay traces a development of orthodox applied ethics into a present-day variant of practical ethics, where pragmatic reasons may upset ideal theoretically and empirically informed epistemically supported ethical prescriptions when these are to be implemented in a real context. This shift comes with a development where the applied ethicists of older days are nowadays aiming for much more specific and practically useful action-guidance, and for activist involvement to support feasible implementation of ethical prescriptions. This results in a strongly and moderately activist variant of practical ethics, both of which face specific challenges due to the necessity of considering pragmatic reasons. I argue that the radical variant has trouble managing these challenges. The moderate variant may manage them, but this may require substantial methodological development.
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| 3. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962
(författare)
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Precautionary Principle (Version 2)
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Encyclopedia of Ethics (2020 Update). - Chichester : Wiley. - 9781444367072
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ethical debate linking to the precautionary principle (PP) addresses underlying issues regarding the ethics of risk, uncertainty, and public policy. It has evolved quickly from an initial stage of skepticism and scorn, based on critique regarding unclarity, impracticality, and ethical unjustifiability. Nowadays, these points are incorporated into systematic debates on how to best understand and justify a precautionary approach to decision‐ and policy‐making. The general ethical idea behind PP says that in the face of an activity that may produce great harm, we (or society) have reason to ensure that the activity is not undertaken, unless it has been shown not to impose too serious risks. Recent debate has highlighted an epistemic perspective, dividing the debate into two main areas: (a) epistemic precaution, and (b) ethics of risk, which may be related to each other in different ways. With regard to these dimensions, an ethical theory of precaution needs to clarify what determines whether an activity may produce great harm (actualizing both (a) and (b)), what determines whether or not some risk is too serious (actualizing (b)), and what is required to show that too serious risks are not imposed (actualizing (a)). Several competing basic suggestions are in play regarding these issues, actualizing questions about the relationship between traditional ethical theory and the ethics of risk. All suggestions have wide applicability to contested moral and policy areas regarding the use of technology and environmental action, but much work remains to clarify what difference a sound PP makes for these.
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| 4. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962
(författare)
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The role of pragmatics in practical ethics
- 2022
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Ingår i: Filosofidagarna: Swedish Congress of Philosophy, Lund University, June 10th-June 12th, 2022. - Lund.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
- Nihlén Fahlquist, Jessica, Docent, 1976-
(författare)
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Individual Virtues and Structures of Virtue in Public Health
- 2022
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Ingår i: Public Health Ethics. - : Oxford University Press. - 1754-9973 .- 1754-9981. ; 15:1, s. 11-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Public health ethics is commonly analyzed within a consequentialist or rights-based perspective, but recent approaches explore public health from a virtue ethical perspective. Rozier focuses on the virtues of individual members of the public and I discuss public health professionals. MacKay emphasizes the role of the collective level, the practice and social structure of public health. The structure can be important in two ways. First, it potentially affects the cultivation of the virtues of individuals. Second, the structure itself could have virtues. MacKay defends the latter notion and argues that structures become objective reality that is non-reducible to individuals. She implicitly describes public health as an actor, as having hopes and aspirations. MacKay’s account is an interesting contribution to the field. I agree with that the social structure is important but argue that it is primarily important in relation to the cultivation of individual virtues. Public health is not an agent and if it is described as such, it needs a supporting argument concerning moral group agency. I argue that there are no collectives without individuals. Future studies should focus on the links between the individual and social levels and discuss which virtues are the most important.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Sandin, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Technology Neutrality in European Regulation of GMOs
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ethics, Policy & Environment. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2155-0085 .- 2155-0093. ; 1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objections to the current EU regulatory system on genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in terms of high cost and lack of consistency, speed and scientific underpinning have prompted proposals for a more technology-neutral system. We sketch the conceptual background of the notion of ‘technology neutrality’ and propose a refined definition of the term. The proposed definition implies that technology neutrality of a regulatory system is a gradual and multidimensional feature. We use the definition to analyze two regulatory reform proposals: One proposal from the Netherlands for improving the exemption mechanism for GMOs under Directive 2001/18/EC, and one from the Norwegian Biotechnology Advisory Board, outlining a new stratified risk assessment procedure. While both proposals offer some degree of improved technology neutrality in some dimensions compared to current EU regulation, in some extents and dimensions, they do not. We conclude that proposals for more technology-neutral regulation of GMOs need, first, to make explicit to what extent and in what dimensions the proposal improves neutrality and, second, to present arguments supporting that these specific improvements constitute desirable policy change against the background of objections to current policy.
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| 8. |
- Segerdahl, Pär, 1962-
(författare)
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Debating Embryonic Stem Cell Research : Handling Moral Concerns More Gently
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ethical Inquiries after Wittgenstein. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030980832 - 9783030980849 - 9783030980863 ; , s. 173-188
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is not a contribution to the polarised embryo debate but an attempt to understand its obstinacy. Instead of aiming towards the “correct” ethical position on the permissibility of embryonic stem cell research, this chapter examines an assumption on which the debate is based. This is the assumption that moral concerns about embryo destruction arise from doctrines about embryos, from beliefs that make these concerns reasonable. This epistemic interpretation of moral concerns produces the target at which debaters aim: which one of the competing doctrines can be demonstrated to be the logically coherent and true one? Through a combination of fresh examples and alert attention to familiar facts – inspired by Wittgenstein’s emphasis on producing an understanding that consists in “seeing connections” – this chapter indicates a less intellectual origin of moral concerns: in human sensitivities towards existence that, to distinguish them from beliefs and doctrines, could be called “ways of relating to life”. After indicating how the rigid intellectual target of the debate is a mirage, the chapter concludes by briefly indicating a gentler approach to people’s moral concerns.
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| 9. |
- Segerdahl, Pär, 1962-
(författare)
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The Invisible Patient : Concerns about Donor Exploitation in Stem Cell Research
- 2022
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Ingår i: Health Care Analysis. - : Springer. - 1065-3058 .- 1573-3394. ; 20:3-4, s. 240-253
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As embryonic stem cell research is commercialized, the stem cell debate may shift focus from concerns about embryo destruction to concerns about exploitation of the women who donate eggs and embryos for research. Uncomfortable with the polarization of the embryo debate, this paper proposes a more “contemplative” approach than intellectual debate to concerns about exploitation. After examining pitfalls of rigid intellectual positions on exploitation, the paper investigates the possibility of a broader understanding of donation for research where patients are seen as the intended beneficiaries of the donation. Together with other actors, research is perceived as mediating altruistic gift relationships that extend from donors to patients. The paper explores how this broader perspective on “donation for research” can open up new possibilities of understanding donation and addressing risks of exploitation.
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| 10. |
- Sigmund, Gabriel, et al.
(författare)
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Broaden chemicals scope in biodiversity targets
- 2022
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 376:6599, s. 1279-1280
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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