| 1. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962
(författare)
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Permissibility or Priority? Testing or Screening? Essential Distinctions in the Ethics of Prenatal Testing
- 2017
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Ingår i: American Journal of Bioethics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1526-5161 .- 1536-0075. ; 17:1, s. 30-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chen and Wasserman’s (2017) suggestion for unlimited whole genome prenatal screening ignores central distinctions, as well as important contributions in the literature, and is backed up by inconsistent arguments. They fail to recognize that their suggestion is less novel than it is held out to be and has been addressed before in various settings, and they miss important reasons against their suggestion. They ignore the distinction between using prenatal testing in general and doing it in the organizational form of a screening program. The latter brings many special ethical challenges that are left unaddressed by Chen and Wasserman. One of these is to not only show that some technology is permissible to use for screening, other things being equal, but also demonstrate that it would be defensible use of health care resources. This challenge seems to weigh heavily against Chen’s and Wasserman’s suggestion when asking whether or not it should be given priority (in public-, charity-, and business- operated settings), supporting limitations of prenatal screening to target more severe conditions available for detection. Chen’s and Wasserman’s argument against that idea is found to rest on, first, confusion between the issues of permissibility and priority. Second, the suggestion that escaping a need to demarcate what to test for is a reason against limiting prenatal screening undermines their own proposal to limit prenatal screening based on probability thresholds.
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| 2. |
- Kulak, Klaudia, et al.
(författare)
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Intracellular C3 protects β-cells from IL-1β-driven cytotoxicity via interaction with Fyn-related kinase
- 2024
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - 1091-6490. ; 121:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the hallmarks of type 1 but also type 2 diabetes is pancreatic islet inflammation, associated with altered pancreatic islet function and structure, if unresolved. IL-1β is a proinflammatory cytokine which detrimentally affects β-cell function. In the course of diabetes, complement components, including the central complement protein C3, are deregulated. Previously, we reported high C3 expression in human pancreatic islets, with upregulation after IL-1β treatment. In the current investigation, using primary human and rodent material and CRISPR/Cas9 gene-edited β-cells deficient in C3, or producing only cytosolic C3 from a noncanonical in-frame start codon, we report a protective effect of C3 against IL-1β-induced β-cell death, that is attributed to the cytosolic fraction of C3. Further investigation revealed that intracellular C3 alleviates IL-1β-induced β-cell death, by interaction with and inhibition of Fyn-related kinase (FRK), which is involved in the response of β-cells to cytokines. Furthermore, these data were supported by increased β-cell death in vivo in a β-cell-specific C3 knockout mouse. Our data indicate that a functional, cytoprotective association exists between FRK and cytosolic C3.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Rosengren, Agneta, et al.
(författare)
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Tissue reactions to polyethylene implants with different surface topography
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine. - 1573-4838. ; 10:2, s. 75-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates the importance of implant surface topography on soft tissue response. The tissue response in the rat abdominal wall to discs of low density polyethylene with smooth to coarse surfaces was evaluated after one, six or 12 weeks. Capsule thickness and immunohistochemical quantification of monocytes-macrophages were used as measures. The macrophage specific antibody ED1 was used for identification of newly recruited macrophages and the ED2 antibody for the mature tissue macrophages. The smoother surfaces gave a thicker capsule than the rougher surfaces, and at one week also larger total numbers of cells and ED1 positive macrophages at interface. The capsule thickness increased over time for the smooth and intermediate surface topographies. In contrast, the cell numbers generally decreased over time. In conclusion, a coarse surface elicited lesser tissue reaction compared with a smooth surface.
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| 5. |
- Barnes, S, et al.
(författare)
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Does the design of extra care housing meet the needs of the residents? : a focus group study
- 2012
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Ingår i: Ageing & Society. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 0144-686X .- 1469-1779. ; 32:7, s. 1193-1214
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study objective was to explore the views of residents and relatives concerning the physical design of extra-care housing. Five focus groups were conducted with residents in four extra-care schemes in England. One focus group was carried out with relatives of residents from a fifth scheme. Schemes were purposively sampled to represent size, type, and resident tenure. Data were analysed thematically using NVivo 8. Two over-arching themes emerged from the data: how the building supports the lifestyle and how the building design affects usability. Provision of activities and access to amenities were more restrictive for residents with disabilities. Independent living was compromised by building elements that did not take account of reduced physical ability. Other barriers to independence included poor kitchen design and problems doing laundry. Movement around the schemes was difficult and standards of space and storage provision were inadequate. The buildings were too hot, too brightly lit and poorly ventilated. Accessible external areas enabled residents to connect with the outside world. The study concluded that, while the design of extra-care housing meets the needs of residents who are relatively fit and healthy, those with physical frailties and/or cognitive impairment can find the building restrictive resulting in marginalisation. Design across the dependency spectrum is key in meeting the needs of residents. Inclusive, flexible design is required to benefit residents who are ageing in situ and have varying care needs.
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| 6. |
- Tatarishvili, Jemal, et al.
(författare)
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Human induced pluripotent stem cells improve recovery in stroke-injured aged rats.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience. - 1878-3627. ; 32:4, s. 547-558
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) improve behavior and form neurons after implantation into the stroke-injured adult rodent brain. How the aged brain responds to grafted iPSCs is unknown. We determined survival and differentiation of grafted human fibroblast-derived iPSCs and their ability to improve recovery in aged rats after stroke. Methods: Twenty-four months old rats were subjected to 30 min distal middle cerebral artery occlusion causing neocortical damage. After 48 h, animals were transplanted intracortically with human iPSC-derived long-term neuroepithelial-like stem (hiPSC-lt-NES) cells. Controls were subjected to stroke and were vehicle-injected. Results: Cell-grafted animals performed better than vehicle-injected recipients in cylinder test at 4 and 7 weeks. At 8 weeks, cell proliferation was low (0.7 %) and number of hiPSC-lt-NES cells corresponded to 49.2% of that of implanted cells. Transplanted cells expressed markers of neuroblasts and mature and GABAergic neurons. Cell-grafted rats exhibited less activated microglia/macrophages in injured cortex and neuronal loss was mitigated. Conclusions: Our study provides the first evidence that grafted human iPSCs survive, differentiate to neurons and ameliorate functional deficits in stroke-injured aged brain.
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| 9. |
- Olsson, Carl, et al.
(författare)
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Triangulating a Plane
- 2011
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Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Image Analysis : 17th Scandinavian Conference, SCIA 2011, Ystad, Sweden, May 2011. Proceedings). - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 0302-9743 .- 1611-3349. - 9783642212260 - 9783642212277 ; 6688, s. 13-23
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this theoretical paper we consider the problem of accurately triangulating a scene plane. Rather than first triangulating a set of points and then fitting a plane to these points, we try to minimize the back-projection errors as functions of the plane parameters directly. As this is both geometrically and statistically meaningful our method performs better than the standard two step procedure. Furthermore, we show that the error residuals of this formulation are quasiconvex thereby making it very easy to solve using for example standard local optimization methods.
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| 10. |
- Ferm Almqvist, Cecilia, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Editorial Special Issue on Arts-Based Research : Arts-Based Research in European Arts Education: Philosophical, ontological and epistemological introductions
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Journal of Philosophy in Arts Education. - Stockholm : Stockholms musikpedagogiska institut. - 2002-4665. ; 1:4, s. 4-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Educational settings where arts subjects or aesthetic forms of expression (such as visual arts, music, dance, film, drama, fiction or poetry) play an important role are considered rather complex. Consequently, communicative and artistic aspects that constitute the arts educational phenomena can be difficult to understand, analyse, document and share, without the risk of losing important nuances. A growing research movement that aims to address these challenges is arts based research (ABR). We claim that ABR – with its variety of methodologies and onto-epistemologies – offers substantial support in grasping even more of the mentioned complexities. The question is, does it also lead us closer to a multi-modal turn?Over the last few decades, ABR has become a common concept and research approach – one that also encompasses various phenomena related to arts education. When this special issue was first initiated (in 2018), Ferm Almqvist emphasised that the field of arts educational research has experienced several scientific turns, which have influenced what has been considered valid research, the methods that has been used, and the results that can be delivered. These turns have also influenced the researcher’s role and the relations between the perspectives and people that have been studied. She underlined that the interpretative turn, the language turn, the bodily turn, the ontological turn, the action turn, etc. have changed what can be achieved and in what ways within the field of arts education research. Nonetheless, these turns do not fully capture the complexities of arts educational phenomena.
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