| 1. |
- Jin, Yuesheng, et al.
(författare)
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Clonal chromosome abnormalities in premalignant lesions of the skin.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics. - 0165-4608. ; 136:1, s. 48-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two lesions, actinic keratosis (AK) and squamous cell carcinoma in situ (CIS), are believed to be precursors of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin. These lesions can serve as an excellent model system for studying genetic changes associated with the inception of skin SCC. In the present study, five such lesions of the skin, three AKs and two AK+CIS, from three patients were short-term cultured and analyzed cytogenetically. One of the patients (case 3) had also an SCC in addition to three premalignant lesions. All lesions, but one, showed clonal karyotypic abnormalities. The recurrent changes identified were numerical, that is, +7 and +20. The structural rearrangements found in three AK were different, but it could be noted that the distal part of the long arm of chromosome 4 was involved in two AK and the SCC of case 3A. It was also interesting that chromosome 1 participated in structural rearrangements in three AK with band 1p31 being involved in two tumors. The karyotypic profile of these lesions is compared with that of skin SCC; it turns out that the general patterns are different in the sense that the SCC more often have complex karyotypes and display unbalanced aberrations involving the centromeric regions. Some karyotypic similarities between the SCC and their precursors are revealed. The fact that the structural rearrangements involving chromosomal band 3p13 and the centromeric region of chromosome 3 in AK are common features for many types of malignant tumors, including skin SCC, indicates that these changes are early genetic events associated with malignant transformation.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Gruvberger, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Methyldibromoglutaronitrile
- 2003
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Ingår i: Management of positive patch test reactions. - 3540443479 ; , s. 41-41
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
- Nilsson, H-J., et al.
(författare)
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Profound inhibition of chronic itch induced by stimulation of thin cutaneous nerve fibres
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. - : Elsevier. - 0926-9959 .- 1468-3083. ; 18:1, s. 37-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Despite the fact that severe itch is common in many dermatological diseases, the therapeutic arsenal against itching is limited. From neurophysiological experiments, using a new technique termed cutaneous field stimulation, it is known that acute itch can be effectively relieved by stimulation of cutaneous nociceptors. METHODS: We tested the effects of cutaneous field stimulation (25 min, 16 electrodes, 4 Hz per electrode, up to 0.8 mA) on chronic itch due to atopic dermatitis. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (100 Hz, up to 26 mA) was used for comparison. In 27 patients, itch was measured just prior to, during and at regular intervals up to 12 h after either type of treatment. RESULTS: Both treatments augmented the itch sensation during ongoing stimulation, presumably reflecting an altered sensory processing in the somatosensory pathways of chronic itch patients. However, after cessation of cutaneous field stimulation, but not transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, the itch sensation was significantly depressed for up to 7 h. The peak inhibitory effect (about 25% of control) was reached between 1 and 5 h poststimulation. Neither treatment had any significant effect on alloknesis, as measured before and 10 min after stimulation. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that cutaneous field stimulation strongly depresses chronic itch, and is a potentially useful symptomatic treatment of itch.
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| 5. |
- Ahlgren, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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Contact allergy to gold is correlated to dental gold
- 2002
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Ingår i: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. - : Acta Dermato-Venereologica. - 1651-2057 .- 0001-5555. ; 82:1, s. 41-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Questionnaire studies have indicated that patients with dental gold will more frequently have contact allergy to gold. This study aimed at investigating the relationship between contact allergy to gold and the presence and amount of dental gold alloys. A total of 102 patients were referred for patch testing because of suspicion of contact allergy. Patch tests were performed with gold sodium thiosulphate 2% and 5%. The patients underwent an oral clinical and radiological examination. Contact allergy to gold was recorded in 30.4% of the patients, and of these 74.2% had dental gold (p=0.009). A significant correlation was found between the amount of gold surfaces and contact allergy to gold (p=0.008), but there was no statistical relationship to oral lesions. It is concluded that there is a positive relationship between contact allergy to gold and presence and amount of dental gold alloys.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Antimicrobial activities of heparin-binding peptides.
- 2004
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Ingår i: European Journal of Biochemistry. - : Wiley. - 0014-2956. ; 271:6, s. 1219-1226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antimicrobial peptides are effector molecules of the innate immune system. We recently showed that the human antimicrobial peptides alpha-defensin and LL-37 bind to glycosaminoglycans (heparin and dermatan sulphate). Here we demonstrate the obverse, i.e. structural motifs associated with heparin affinity (cationicity, amphipaticity, and consensus regions) may confer antimicrobial properties to a given peptide. Thus, heparin-binding peptides derived from laminin isoforms, von Willebrand factor, vitronectin, protein C inhibitor, and fibronectin, exerted antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Similar results were obtained using heparin-binding peptides derived from complement factor C3 as well as consensus sequences for heparin-binding (Cardin and Weintraub motifs). These sequence motifs, and additional peptides, also killed the fungus Candida albicans. These data will have implications for the search for novel antimicrobial peptides and utilization of heparin-protein interactions should be helpful in the identification and purification of novel antimicrobial peptides from complex biological mixtures. Finally, consensus regions may serve as templates for de novo synthesis of novel antimicrobial molecules.
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| 7. |
- André, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Management of urinary tract infections in primary care: : a repeated 1-week diagnosis-prescribing study in five counties in Sweden in 2000 and 2002.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 36:2, s. 134-138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A diagnosis-antibiotic prescribing study was performed in 5 counties in Sweden during 1 week in November in the y 2000 and 2002, respectively. As part of the study, the characteristics and clinical management of patients who received diagnoses of urinary tract infections (UTIs) (n = 1564) in primary care, were analysed. 85% of the visits were by women, and 74% of all consultations were diagnosed as lower UTIs. One or more diagnostic tests were performed in 98% of the women with suspected lower or recurrent UTIs and 95% were prescribed an antibiotic. The most commonly prescribed antibiotics for lower UTIs were trimethoprim followed by pivmecillinam and a quinolone. The study indicated a change in antibiotic prescribing with improved adherence to the national recommendations. There was an increase of prescribed nitrofurantoin and a decrease of prescribed quinolones to women with lower UTIs between the studied y. Furthermore, 3-d treatment with trimethoprim increased although the prescribed duration was mostly 7 d. In contrast to the guidelines, few urine cultures were performed. The study highlights the necessity of updating the guidelines for the management of lower UTIs in general practice.
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| 8. |
- André, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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The Use of CRP Tests in Patients with Respiratory Tract Infections in Primary Care in Sweden Can Be Questioned
- 2004
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 36:3, s. 192-197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A diagnosis-antibiotic prescribing study was performed in 5 counties in Sweden during 1 week in November in 2000 and 2002 respectively. As a part of the study, the use and results of C-reactive protein (CRP) tests in relation to duration of symptoms and antibiotic prescribing in 6778 patients assigned a diagnosis of respiratory tract infections were analysed. In almost half (42%) of the patients, a CRP test was performed. The majority of CRP tests (69%) were performed in patients assigned diagnosis upper respiratory tract infection, where the test is not recommended. Overall, there was a minor decrease in antibiotic prescribing when CRP was used (41%), in comparison to 44% of the patients where no CRP was performed (p<0.01). Patients assigned diagnoses implying a bacterial aetiology were prescribed antibiotics irrespective of result of CRP or length of symptoms before consultation. For patients assigned viral diagnoses, antibiotic prescribing increased with increasing duration of symptoms and increasing value of CRP. The use of CRP decreased antibiotic prescribing in patients assigned to viral diagnoses and with longstanding symptoms (p<0.001). However, 59% of the patients assigned viral diagnoses with CRP≥25 received antibiotics, which seems to indicate a misinterpretation of CRP and a non-optimal use of antibiotics.
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| 9. |
- André, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Upper respiratory tract infections in general practice: diagnosis, antibiotic prescribing, duration of symptoms and use of diagnostic tests
- 2002
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2374-4235 .- 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 34, s. 880-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A diagnosis/antibiotic prescribing study was performed in 5 counties in Sweden for 1 week in November 2000. As part of this study, the characteristics and clinical management of patients with upper respiratory tract infections (n = 2899) in primary care were analyzed. Almost half of the patients were aged < 15 y and one-fifth of the patients consulted out of hours. Of all patients seeking primary care for upper respiratory tract infections, 56.0% were prescribed an antibiotic. Almost all patients who were given the diagnoses streptococcal tonsillitis, acute otitis media or acute sinusitis were prescribed antibiotics, compared to 10% of patients with common cold or acute pharyngitis. The most frequently prescribed antibiotic was penicillin V (79.2%) and this was even more pronounced out of hours, when the diagnoses otitis media and streptococcal tonsillitis were more frequently used. In patients with common cold and acute pharyngitis, the percentage who received antibiotics increased with increasing length of symptoms and increasing CRP levels. In patients with acute pharyngitis or streptococcal tonsillitis, antibiotics were prescribed less frequently provided streptococcal tests were performed. The management of patients with upper respiratory tract infections in general practice seems to be in good agreement with current Swedish guidelines. However, the study indicates some areas for improvement. The diagnosis of acute sinusitis seems to have been overestimated and used only to justify antibiotic treatment.
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| 10. |
- Frick, Inga-Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Interactions between M proteins of Streptococcus pyogenes and glycosaminoglycans promote bacterial adhesion to host cells.
- 2003
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Ingår i: European Journal of Biochemistry. - : Wiley. - 0014-2956. ; 270:10, s. 2303-2311
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several microbial pathogens have been reported to interact with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) on cell surfaces and in the extracellular matrix. Here we demonstrate that M protein, a major surface-expressed virulence factor of the human bacterial pathogen, Streptococcus pyogenes, mediates binding to various forms of GAGs. Hence, S. pyogenes strains expressing a large number of different types of M proteins bound to dermatan sulfate (DS), highly sulfated fractions of heparan sulfate (HS) and heparin, whereas strains deficient in M protein surface expression failed to interact with these GAGs. Soluble M protein bound DS directly and could also inhibit the interaction between DS and S. pyogenes. Experiments with M protein fragments and with streptococci expressing deletion constructs of M protein, showed that determinants located in the NH2-terminal part as well as in the C-repeat region of the streptococcal proteins are required for full binding to GAGs. Treatment with ABC-chondroitinase and HS lyase that specifically remove DS and HS chains from cell surfaces, resulted in significantly reduced adhesion of S. pyogenes bacteria to human epithelial cells and skin fibroblasts. Together with the finding that exogenous DS and HS could inhibit streptococcal adhesion, these data suggest that GAGs function as receptors in M protein-mediated adhesion of S. pyogenes.
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