| 1. |
- Eldh, Ann Catrine, et al.
(författare)
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Conditions for patient participation and non-participation in health care
- 2006
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Ingår i: Nursing Ethics. - Malden, USA : SAGE Publications. - 0969-7330 .- 1477-0989. ; 13:5, s. 503-514
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explored patients' experiences of participation and non-participation in their health care. A questionnaire-based survey method was used. Content analysis showed that conditions for patient participation occurred when information was provided not by using standard procedures but based on individual needs and accompanied by explanations, when the patient was regarded as an individual, when the patient's knowledge was recognized by staff, and when the patient made decisions based on knowledge and needs, or performed self-care. Thus, to provide conditions for true patient participation, professionals need to recognize each patient's unique knowledge and respect the individual's description of his or her situation rather than just inviting the person to participate in decision making.
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| 2. |
- Piltén, Carina, et al.
(författare)
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Lung recruitment--a nurse and/or physician task. A national survey on requirements for education, regulations and guidelines.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Intensive & Critical Care Nursing. - : Elsevier BV. - 0964-3397 .- 1532-4036. ; 25:1, s. 4-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- International and national guidelines on requirements for performing lung recruitment manoeuvres are lacking. This paper presents a nationwide descriptive survey of the occurrence of and conditions for lung recruitment in adult patients treated with mechanical ventilation in intensive care units (ICUs) in Sweden. All ICUs except neurological, cardiac, paediatric and neonatal ICUs were invited (N=73); of these, 60 ICUs participated in the study (82%). The main outcome measures were prevalence of lung recruitment, whether ICU nurses and/or physicians carried out lung recruitment, requirements for nurses to perform lung recruitment and the existence of local guidelines. Lung recruitment was performed at 92% of the ICUs. Only physicians performed lung recruitment at 27 ICUs (49%), and in 28 units (51%) both physicians and nurses performed this treatment. Lung recruitment was performed more often in units where both physicians and nurses performed lung recruitment than in units where only physicians performed the manoeuvres (46% vs. 12%, p=0.03). Further, local guidelines on lung recruitment manoeuvres were more common in units where both physicians and nurses performed this treatment (71% vs. 41%, p=0.02). The results suggest that recommendations of repeated and prompt lung recruitment manoeuvres are better met if nurses, along with physicians, perform lung recruitment.
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| 3. |
- Nilsson, Thomas, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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The precarious practice of forensic psychiatric risk assessments
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-2527. ; 32:6, s. 400-407
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of forensic psychiatric risk assessments is discussed from a clinical point of view using the example of Sweden. A central task in forensic psychiatry has traditionally been to identify dangerous, mentally disordered subjects considered to be prone to commit violent acts. Over time, “dangerousness” has been reworded into “risk”. Nevertheless, such assessments have generally been based on the psychiatric factors characterising the individual patient, while group interaction, situational factors, or social and cultural circumstances, such as the availability of alcohol and drugs, have been largely overlooked. That risk assessments have a focused on people with a diagnosis of “mental disorder” and been used as grounds for coercive measures and integrity violations has somehow been accepted as a matter of course in the public and political debate. Even the basic question whether offenders with a mental disorder are really more prone to criminal recidivism than other offenders seems to have been treated light-handedly and dealt with merely by epidemiological comparisons between groups of persons with broad ranges of psychosocial vulnerability and the general population. Legal texts, instructions and guidelines from the authorities in charge are often vague and general, while actors in the judicial system seem to put their trust in psychiatric opinions. The exchange of professional opinions, general public expectations, and judicial decision processes poses a huge risk for misunderstandings based on divergent expectations and uses of terminology.
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| 4. |
- Lofmark, R, et al.
(författare)
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From cure to palliation: Staff communication, documentation, and transfer of patient
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Palliative Medicine. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1096-6218 .- 1557-7740. ; 8:6, s. 1105-1109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the transition from curative treatment to palliative care of a general end-of-life patient population, the internal communication of the acute care staff seems to be less than optimal. The communication had reference to the dialogue within the staff both before and after the decision to concentrate on palliative care, and possible transfer of the patient. This survey of Swedish nurses and physicians showed that most of 780 respondents wanted more internal communication, and a more individualized procedure of decision-making. All staff should be informed about the decision made but full agreement was not seen as realistic. The largest difference of opinion between nurses and physicians concerned the involvement of nurses in the decision-making about the transition. A uniform documentation of the decision to transfer care focus was the ideal. Approximately every fourth patient in acute care is transferred to receive palliative care. Only approximately half of the respondents had any training in palliative care and the majority wanted more training. There seems to be a need for more palliative care training, perhaps somewhat different for each speciality. Furthermore, a common language to enable nurses and physicians to communicate more easily may improve the transition process.
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| 5. |
- Lundqvist, Anita, et al.
(författare)
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Noddings's caring ethics theory applied in a paediatric setting.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nursing Philosophy. - 1466-7681. ; 10:2, s. 113-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the 1990s, numerous studies on the relationship between parents and their children have been reported on in the literature and implemented as a philosophy of care in most paediatric units. The purpose of this article is to understand the process of nurses' care for children in a paediatric setting by using Noddings's caring ethics theory. Noddings's theory is in part described from a theoretical perspective outlining the basic idea of the theory followed by a critique of her work. Important conceptions in her theory are natural caring (reception, relation, engrossment, motivational displacement, reciprocity) and ethical caring (physical self, ethical self, and ethical ideal). As a nurse one holds a duty of care to patients and, in exercising this duty, the nurse must be able to develop a relationship with the patient including giving the patient total authenticity in a 'feeling with' the patient. Noddings's theory is analysed and described in three examples from the paediatrics. In the first example, the nurse cared for the patient in natural caring while in the second situation, the nurse strived for the ethical caring of the patient. In the third example, the nurse rejected the impulse to care and deliberately turned her back to ethics and abandoned her ethical caring. According to the Noddings's theory, caring for the patient enables the nurse to obtain ethical insights from the specific type of nursing care which forms an important contribution to an overall increase of an ethical consciousness in the nurse.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Dwyer, Lise-Lotte, et al.
(författare)
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Dignity as experienced by nursing home staff
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Older People Nursing. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1748-3735 .- 1748-3743. ; 4:3, s. 185-193
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims and objectives. To explore nursing home staff members’ experiences of what dignity in end of life care means to older people and to themselves.Background. Dignity is a concept often used in end-of-life care, but its meaning is rarely clarified.Design. Qualitative descriptive study.Methods. Content analysis. This study is based on interviews with 21 staff members in four different nursing homes in Sweden.Findings. The results show that staff members balanced between providing for the older person’s physical needs while wishing to be able to deliver a ‘deeper’ level of care. The older people’s dignity is presented in the main theme: Feeling trust – Showing respect. The staff members’ dignity is presented in the main theme: Maintaining self-respect – Being shown respect. Threats to dignity are presented in the main theme: conflicts between the ideal and the reality.Conclusions. The results reveal that nursing home staff members deal with a moral conflict between what they are able to deliver and what they would like to provide in the care of older people.Relevance to clinical practice. To promote older people’s dignity, there is a need to take account of staff members’ work situation. Supervision and continuous education could be one way of achieving this.
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| 8. |
- Dwyer, Lise-Lotte, et al.
(författare)
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Three nursing home residents speak about meaning at the end of life
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nursing Ethics. - : SAGE Publications. - 0969-7330 .- 1477-0989. ; 15:1, s. 97-109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article provides a deeper understanding of how meaning can be created in everyday life at a nursing home. It is based on a primary study concerning dignity involving 12 older people living in two nursing homes in Sweden. A secondary analysis was carried out on data obtained from three of the primary participants interviewed over a period of time (18-24 months), with a total of 12 interviews carried out using an inductive hermeneutic approach. The study reveals that sources of meaning were created by having a sense of: physical capability, cognitive capability, being needed, and belonging. Meaning was created through inner dialogue, communication and relationships with others. A second finding is that the experience of meaning can sometimes be hard to realize.
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| 9. |
- Franklin, Lise-Lotte, et al.
(författare)
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Views on dignity of elderly nursing home residents
- 2006
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Ingår i: Nursing Ethics. - : SAGE Publications. - 0969-7330 .- 1477-0989. ; 13:2, s. 130-146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Discussion about a dignified death has almost exclusively been applied to palliative care and people dying of cancer. As populations are getting older in the western world and living with chronic illnesses affecting their everyday lives, it is relevant to broaden the definition of palliative care to include other groups of people. The aim of the study was to explore the views on dignity at the end of life of 12 elderly people living in two nursing homes in Sweden. A hermeneutic approach was used to interpret the material, which was gathered during semi-structured interviews. A total of 39 interviews were transcribed. The analysis revealed three themes: (1) the unrecognizable body; (2) fragility and dependency; and (3) inner strength and a sense of coherence.
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| 10. |
- Hellström, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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Ethical and methodological issues in interviewing persons with dementia
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nursing Ethics. - : Sage Publications. - 0969-7330 .- 1477-0989. ; 14:5, s. 608-619
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- People with dementia have previously not been active participants in research, with ethical difficulties often being cited as the reason for this. A wider inclusion of people with dementia in research raises several ethical and methodological challenges. This article adds to the emerging debate by reflecting on the ethical and methodological issues raised during an interview study involving people with dementia and their spouses. The study sought to explore the impact of living with dementia. We argue that there is support for the inclusion of people with dementia in research and that the benefits of participation usually far outweigh the risks, particularly when a ;safe context' has been created. The role of gatekeepers as potentially responsible for excluding people with dementia needs further consideration, with particular reference to the appropriateness of viewing consent as a primarily cognitive, universalistic and exclusionary event as opposed to a more particularistic, inclusive and context relevant process.
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