1.
Björnstig, Ulf
(författare)
Snowmobile, motorcycle and moose-car accidents : aspects on injury control
1985
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt) abstract
Injuries related to snowmobiles, motorcycles and moose-car collisions have increased. The aim of the present thesis was to analyse mechanisms and consequences in fatal and non-fatal accidents of these types, and to penetrate possible preventive measures.SnowmobilesThe median age of the injured was 30 and of the killed 32, males predominating. A majority of the accidents occurred during weekends, and especially the fatal accidents occurred after dark. The extremities were the most commonly injured parts of the body, however, drowning, crushed chest and cranial injuries caused most of the fatalities. Among the fatalities, four out of five were under the influence of alcohol. The present Swedish laws regarding snowmobiles seem well motivated. "Built-in" safety measures in the construction of the snowmobiles, properly designed snowmobile tracks and functional search and rescue systems could reduce the injuries.MotorcyclesThe median age was 19 years for both the traffic injured and the killed. Half of the traffic accidents were collisions with other motor vehicles. In the fatally injured group, also collisions with fixed roadside objects were common. Of the fatally injured, more than every fifth person died in an accident where alcohol was an influential factor. In the injured group, lower extremity injuries (especially in off-road riding) were common and among the fatalities most riders died from injuries to the head or chest. Out of one thousand motorcycle riders interviewed, 45% reported wobbling experiences (8% reported severe wobbling). Possible injury reducing measures include increasing the licensing age, more discriminating driving test, "built-in" restriction of the motorcycle's top speed, elimination of motorcycles prone to wobbling, and a more intensive traffic supervision (speeding, alcohol).Moose-car collisitionsThe median age of the drivers was 38 years. Most collisions happened at dusk or when dark (3/4). The median collision speed was 70 km/h. The damage to the car was typical, the roof and the windshield pillars were deformed downwards and backwards. The broken windshield was often pressed into the passenger compartment. Most of the injured car occupants suffered cuts predominantly to the head and upper extremities. Nearly all the fatally injured died of head and neck injuries. The injuries may be reduced by strengthening the roof and the windshield pillars, and by introducing anti 1 acerati ve windshields.
2.
Edvardsson, Bo, 1944-
(författare)
"Mina hypoteser om Stern tycks vara riktiga!"
1986
Ingår i: Personal, människor & arbete. - Stockholm : Sveriges personaladministrativa förening. - 0348-5242. ; :2, s. 36-36
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.) abstract
En uppföljande debattartikel efter replikerna på mitt debattinlägg i nr 9, 1985
3.
Engström, Birgitta, 1941-
(författare)
Information to the patient : an attempt to satisfy the patient's need for information
1986
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt) abstract
Dissatisfaction with medical information is a common problem among patients. There is also evidence that patients lack information that physicians believe they have given to the patient. The aims of this study were to 1) survey patients' subjective need for, and satisfaction with, the information that they received during their hospital stay 2) develop and evaluate systematic routines for giving information to the patients and also communication and collaboration between the medical and nursing staff concerning the satisfaction of the patients' need for information.The study was an intervention project and the research perspective was organizational psychology.Survey study. The patients experienced a considerable need for medical information, especially about the examination results and prognosis. The patients' need for information regarding prognosis was the least satisfied.Intervention 1. A general improvement of the information to the patients occurred when the systematic routines were established. The patients' subjective need for information was unchanged throughout two years. Their satisfaction with information, after an initial improvement, did not increase throughout these two years. There was low correlation between the patients' and their physicians' estimations concerning the patients' need for information on diagnosis, prognosis and examination results. Likewise, concerning the adequacy of that information.Intervention 2. Communication and collaboration between the medical and nursing staff included a system for assessment and solution of the patients' information problems. Problem-solving took place at a multidisciplinary team conference (MTC). Medical problems were better elucidated than the patients' psychological problems. After training of registered nurses (RN) as conference chairpersons, the patients need for information was better understood. The staff reported 42 information problems after training compared to two before. For half of the information problems decisions were discussed on steps to be taken in order to satisfy the patients' need for information. A year after the system for assessment and solution of information problems was established, the patients were more satisfied with information about examinations and their results and on information about medication (p< 0.05). Further, new norms for the patients' need for information were established and a change was initiated.The results are discussed with regard to how and why patients' shall have information, by whom and to whom information shall be given, when and where information shall be given and which content it shall have.
4.
Nettelbladt, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
A Multidisciplinary Assessment of Children with Severe Language Disorder
1989
Ingår i: Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1464-5076 .- 0269-9206. ; 3:4, s. 313-346
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
This study presents results from a multidisciplinary assessment of ten Swedish children with severe language disorder, aged 4;4-10;0. The children underwent an extensive medical examination. They were also tested by a clinical child psychologist. A thorough neurolinguistic examination was done as well as detailed linguistic analyses of the children's speech production. The results of our study revealed few links between medical findings and findings in other areas. One exception regards the outcome of the neurolinguistic, the linguistic and audiological assessments, where a possible link between auditory comprehension deficits and certain phonological and syntactic features are discussed. The authors suggest that detailed case studies are the only way at present to elucidate crucial individual differences in language disordered children, in particular in children with severe language disorders. In the future we hope that such studies may increase the knowledge on which typologies of such children can be based and to help us develop more adequate and effective means of intervention.
5.
