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Nilsson, Thomas, 1954, et al.
(författare)
The precarious practice of forensic psychiatric risk assessments
2009
Ingår i: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-2527. ; 32:6, s. 400-407
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
The development of forensic psychiatric risk assessments is discussed from a clinical point of view using the example of Sweden. A central task in forensic psychiatry has traditionally been to identify dangerous, mentally disordered subjects considered to be prone to commit violent acts. Over time, “dangerousness” has been reworded into “risk”. Nevertheless, such assessments have generally been based on the psychiatric factors characterising the individual patient, while group interaction, situational factors, or social and cultural circumstances, such as the availability of alcohol and drugs, have been largely overlooked. That risk assessments have a focused on people with a diagnosis of “mental disorder” and been used as grounds for coercive measures and integrity violations has somehow been accepted as a matter of course in the public and political debate. Even the basic question whether offenders with a mental disorder are really more prone to criminal recidivism than other offenders seems to have been treated light-handedly and dealt with merely by epidemiological comparisons between groups of persons with broad ranges of psychosocial vulnerability and the general population. Legal texts, instructions and guidelines from the authorities in charge are often vague and general, while actors in the judicial system seem to put their trust in psychiatric opinions. The exchange of professional opinions, general public expectations, and judicial decision processes poses a huge risk for misunderstandings based on divergent expectations and uses of terminology.
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Lindholm, Marina, et al.
(författare)
Personal assistants' conceptions of their cooperation in the rehabilitation of disabled persons.
2005
Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of occupational therapy. - London : Informa Healthcare. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 12:2, s. 72-80
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Personal assistants assist persons with severe disability in the performance of their daily activities. The law that covers the right to personal assistance is intended to strengthen the disabled individual's position as a member of society. The aim of the study was to describe personal assistants' conceptions of their cooperation in the rehabilitation of disabled persons. A qualitative method with a phenomenographic approach was used. Six personal assistants were interviewed. Strategic selection of the participants was carried out in order to obtain as wide a variation in conceptions as possible. The results showed that, apart from the factors related to the assistants, factors related to the disabled persons and the environment were of major significance for rehabilitation. The conceptions generated by the study were presented in the form of main categories and subcategories. Four main categories were developed: the meaning of will; the professional role; to consider ability; and awareness of the environment.
7.
Öresland, Stina, et al.
(författare)
Patients as 'safeguard' and nurses as 'substitute' in home health care
2009
Ingår i: Nursing Ethics. - : Sage Publications. - 0969-7330 .- 1477-0989. ; 16:2, s. 219-230
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
One aim of this study was to explore the role, or subject position, patients take in the care they receive from nurses in their own home. Another was to examine the subject position that patients say the nurses take when giving care to them in their own home. Ten interviews were analysed and interpreted according to a discourse analytical method. The findings show that patients constructed their subject position as 'safeguard', and the nurses' subject position as 'substitute' for themselves. These subject positions provided the opportunities, and the obstacles, for the patients' possibilities to receive care in their home. The subject positions described have ethical repercussions and illuminate that the patients put great demands on tailored care.
8.
Piltén, Carina, et al.
(författare)
Lung recruitment--a nurse and/or physician task. A national survey on requirements for education, regulations and guidelines.
2009
Ingår i: Intensive & Critical Care Nursing. - : Elsevier BV. - 0964-3397 .- 1532-4036. ; 25:1, s. 4-9
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
International and national guidelines on requirements for performing lung recruitment manoeuvres are lacking. This paper presents a nationwide descriptive survey of the occurrence of and conditions for lung recruitment in adult patients treated with mechanical ventilation in intensive care units (ICUs) in Sweden. All ICUs except neurological, cardiac, paediatric and neonatal ICUs were invited (N=73); of these, 60 ICUs participated in the study (82%). The main outcome measures were prevalence of lung recruitment, whether ICU nurses and/or physicians carried out lung recruitment, requirements for nurses to perform lung recruitment and the existence of local guidelines. Lung recruitment was performed at 92% of the ICUs. Only physicians performed lung recruitment at 27 ICUs (49%), and in 28 units (51%) both physicians and nurses performed this treatment. Lung recruitment was performed more often in units where both physicians and nurses performed lung recruitment than in units where only physicians performed the manoeuvres (46% vs. 12%, p=0.03). Further, local guidelines on lung recruitment manoeuvres were more common in units where both physicians and nurses performed this treatment (71% vs. 41%, p=0.02). The results suggest that recommendations of repeated and prompt lung recruitment manoeuvres are better met if nurses, along with physicians, perform lung recruitment.
9.
Dellve, Lotta, 1965, et al.
(författare)
“Making it work in the frontline” explains female home care workers´ defining, recognising, communicating and reporting of occupational disorders.
2008
Ingår i: Qualitative Studies On Health And Wellbeing. - Abingdon : Informa UK Limited. - 1748-2623 .- 1748-2631. ; 3:3, s. 176-184
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Epidemiological research has so far failed to explain the high incidence of occupational disorders among home care workers (HCWs) and the great differences in organizational incidence rate. A qualitative approach may contribute to a deeper understanding of work group reasoning and handling in a more contextual manner. The aim of this grounded theory study was to gain a deeper understanding of the main concern in the processes of recognizing, communicating and reporting occupational disorders among HCWs. Focus group interviews were conducted with 40 HCWs in 9 focus groups. The selected municipalities represented variations in municipality type and incidence rate of occupational disorders. Making it work in the frontline was identified as the core category explaining that the perceived work situation in home care work was the main concern but interacted with work-group socialising processes as well as with the communicability and derivability of the occupational disorder when defining and reporting occupational disorders. Complex problems could be reformulated and agreed within the workgroup to increase communicability. Described significances for reporting/non-reporting were related to financial compensation, to a part of organizational political game or to an existential uncertainty, i.e. questioning if it belonged to their chosen work and life. Our conclusion is that working situation and work group attitudes have importance for reporting of occupational disorders. To support work-related health for HCWs, integrating communication should be developed about work-related challenges in work situation, as well as about attitudes, culture and efficiency within work-group.
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