1.
Ankerst, Jaro, et al.
(författare)
Immunity to cancer. Naturally occurring tumours in domestic animals as models for research. Part 1
1973
Ingår i: Bulletin of the World Health Organization. - 0042-9686. ; 49:1, s. 81-91
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
PREVENTIVE VACCINATION IS SUCCESSFULLY PRACTISED TODAY AGAINST TWO NEOPLASTIC DISEASES OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS: fibropapillomatosis of cattle and Marek's disease of chickens (a lymphoproliferative disease). Also it may soon be possible to immunize cats against lymphosarcoma. This memorandum describes these diseases and the immunological reactions involved. It also mentions a number of other tumours that could be used for immunological studies.The greatest advances in immunity have been made with the tumours caused by viruses. The killed papillomavirus vaccine used against bovine papillomatosis produces demonstrable antibodies against the virus. In the case of Marek's disease of chickens, which is due to a herpesvirus, a live virus vaccine is used. This does not prevent infection with virulent virus, but prevents the development of neoplasia. The mechanism by which the vaccine produces its effect is not yet known. Immunization with live and with killed vaccines has been successfully carried out experimentally against leukosis of chickens, which is caused by an oncornavirus. There is evidence that it will be possible to vaccinate cats against lymphosarcoma with non-living vaccine.Naturally occurring cancer in domestic animals parallels cancer in man more closely than does experimentally induced cancer in inbred laboratory animals; therefore immunological studies with the former are more likely to yield results relevant to the problem in man. Experimental cancer in rodents provides models that have the great advantages of uniformity and availability, and they cannot be replaced. However, models in domestic animals offer valuable supplementary systems for research aimed at elucidating the basic principles of immunity to cancer.
2.
Ankerst, Jaro, et al.
(författare)
Immunity to cancer. Naturally occurring tumours in domestic animals as models for research. Part 2
1973
Ingår i: Bulletin of the World Health Organization. - 0042-9686. ; 49:2, s. 13-205
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Part 1 of this Memorandum appeared in Vol. 49, pages 81-91. Part 2 covers neoplasia of the bovine urinary bladder; tumours of unknown cause (including melanomas, osteosarcomas, mammary tumours, lymphosarcomas, mastocytomas, transmissible venereal tumours, and histiocytomas); and the applications of animal models in studies of neoplasia. A summary of animal models is included as an annex.
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9.
Härfast, Bengt, 1950-
(författare)
The effect of virus on the cytotoxic effector function of normal human lymphocytes
1979
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt) abstract
The cytotoxic effect of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from healthy donors against mumps virus infected cells was studied by 5lCR-release assay. With several different cell fractionation techniques the effector cells were demonstrated to be undistinguishable from the lymphocytes responsible for antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC, K-cells) and from those responsible for natural cytotoxicity (NK cells). In these three cytolytic systems the effector cells have Fc receptors for IgG (FcR). While ADCC is dependent on antibody by definition, NK activity involves both antibody dependent and antibody independent mechanisms. To learn whether the killing of virus infected cells required antibody. Fab fragments of rabbit antibodies to human immunoglobulin were added to the PBL-target cell mixtures. This reagent failed to inhibit the virus dependent target cell lysis, implying that the; reaction was immunoglobulin independent. Binding of PBL to target cells by the virus did not seem to be sufficient to cause target cell lysis since a PBL subset which also adhered firmly to virus infected cells did not lyse those. However, a virus induced cross linking of effector cells and target cells may facilitate the expression of cytotoxicity. Exposure of PBL to small amounts of mumps virus results in an enhanced cytolytic activity against uninfected target cells. Also in this instance were the effector cells closely related to the K- and NK-cells. Virus dependent cytotoxicity was not due to an ADCC type of mechanism as it remained essentially unchanged when the FcR activity of the lymphocytes was experimentally modulated by exposure to antigen-antibody complexes. Mumps virions lacking both of their spike glycoproteins (HANA and F) failed to generate virus dependent cytotoxicity. Virions lacking only HANA also generated virus dependent cytotoxicity but their capacity to do so was markedly impaired. Solubilized preparations of viral spikes also enhanced cytotoxicity although to a lesser extent than intact virions. Anti-HANA antibodies, but not anti-F antibodies, abrogated cytotoxicity when incubated together with virus used for treatment of PBL. These experiments demonstrate that HANA was an essential component for the induction of cytotoxicity. The possible role of F remains to be established.
10.
Ljungström, Inger, 1944-
(författare)
Trichinella spiralis : formation of specific antibodies and modulation of the immune response
1979
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt) abstract
The present study showed that Trichinella spiralis infection in human induced a specific antibody response including antibodies of IgM, IgA and IgG classes. Reactive sera were demonstrated from day 10 up to 2 years after onset of clinical symtoms. Experimental trichinosis resulted in cortical depletion of thymus and increased cell proliferation in T cell dependent and independent areas of spleen and lymph nodes during the early stage of infection. The capacity of the host to respond to an unrelated T cell dependent antigen given orally during the intestinal stage, was almost abolished at the local level in intestine, whereas the systemic response was depressed. Parenteral administration or oral immunization with unrelated T cell dependent antigens during the extraintestinal stage resulted in a depressed systemic antibody response. The humoral response to an unrelated T cell independent antigen was increased. Cellular immunity, measured as split heart allograft rejection, was depressed and the prolonged survival time was most pronounced during the intestinal stage. Spleen cell reactivity to polyclonal T cell activators and allogeneic stimulation was decreased and again the depression was most marked during the intestinal stage. Thus, T.spiralis infection profoundly affected the T cells during the intestinal stage and some depressive effects were observed also during the extraintestinal stage. T.spiralis infection enhanced the cholera toxin induced diarrhoea during the intestinal stage. This could probably be explained by the decreased absorption observed during the same period of infection. During the migration stage the intestinal secretory response to the enterotoxin was decreased. As the intestinal absorption was normal at this time the reduced fluid accumulation probably reflected a true inhibition of the secretory response.
