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- Ljung Aust, Mikael, 1973
(författare)
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Developing Theoretical and Empirical Definitions of Safety Problems in Driving Suitable for Active Safety Function Evaluation
- 2009
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In passive safety, the requirement specifications used for evaluation of protective functions are both standardised and specified at a high level of detail regarding evaluation scenario definition, performance metrics and pass/fail criteria. For active safety, while several propositions for evaluation scenarios have been made, neither these, nor performance metrics and pass/fail criteria have yet reached a similar level of detail and standardisation. The objective of this thesis is to address two underlying reasons for this difference. One is theoretical in nature. On a general level, a set of principles and concepts which capture the fundamental ideas of a field of science can be called a conceptual framework. For active safety function evaluation, such a framework is currently lacking. To address this issue, a conceptual framework called Situational control was developed. The framework integrates fundamental ideas relevant for active safety function evaluation into a holistic and practically applicable picture. Its applicability was demonstrated by applying it in the context of writing and implementing requirement specifications for active safety function evaluation.The second reason is of empirical character. To evaluate the extent to which active safety functions prevent and/or mitigate crashes, it is essential to characterize the sequence of events which leads to collisions in a way which includes information on causal factors. To do this, data from official databases (macroscopic data), and in-depth case studies is often used. Macroscopic data is usually statistically representative but has limited information on why crashes happen, while the opposite is true of case studies. Using the two in combination would therefore seem ideal. However, the principles for connecting them are far from clear and current approaches suffer inherent weaknesses. To address this issue, a generalization methodology which links information in case studies to macroscopic crash types, in a way which covers not only context but also causation similarity, was developed. The feasibility of the methodology was tested through application on three sets of intersection crash data. Results indicate that the methodology was sufficiently successful to warrant further exploration with larger data sets.
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| 5. |
- Johansson Hanse, Jan, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Formation of work organisation indices as predictors of job satisfaction among forest machine operators.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 37th annual congress of the Nordic Ergonomics Society.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to construct indices for work organisation with relation to job satisfaction. The study was carried out in six European countries based on a questionnaire survey (N=358). Factor analysis of the work organisation variables resulted in a five-factor structure. A multiple regression analysis resulted in a significant model (multiple R=0,50) with job satisfaction as dependent variable.
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| 6. |
- Jensen, Mikael, 1969
(författare)
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Hjärnan lär sig att sluta härmas
- 2009
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Ingår i: Forskning och Framsteg. - : Stiftelsen Forskning och Framsteg. - 0015-7937. ; 44:7, s. 18-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Människans tanke- och handlingsförmåga är unik. Men det är också hennes förmåga att avstå från vissa tankar och handlingar.
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| 7. |
- Boalt Boëthius, Siv, et al.
(författare)
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Om grupphandledning och vägen från klinisk erfarenhet till systematisk forskning.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Mellanrummet. - 1404-5559 .- 2000-8511. ; 19, s. 45-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I denna artikel beskrivs vad som väckte vårt intresse för att på ett mer systematiskt sätt utforska grupphandledning som en specifik form för lärande. Som kliniker får man sällan en bild av vad som ligger bakom de forskningsfrågor som ställs. I allmänhet redovisas teoretisk bakgrund, frågeställningar, metoder och resultat som mer eller mindre givna. I verkligheten är det dock sällan så, särskilt inte när det gäller kliniknära forskning, som drivs av en önskan om en fördjupad förståelse, ofta personligt förankrad, av problemområden som gett upphov till specifika frågor.
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| 8. |
- Larsson, Anneli, 1974
(författare)
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Interviewing child witnesses
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The general aim of this thesis was to examine interviewing techniques for child witnesses. Specifically, the effectiveness of the cognitive interview with children was investigated. In addition, the self-reported practice of police officers who interview child witnesses was explored. The principal objective of Study I was to explore how the cognitive interview affects children's recall after a long delay. In Study II the effects of the cognitive interview on the validity of a reliability assessment technique, the Reality Monitoring technique, was assessed. Study III examined whether the cognitive interview would be improved by physical reinstatement of sensations. Study VI investigated the self-reported practice of police officers who interview child witnesses in the United Kingdom , the Netherlands , and Sweden . In study I, 10-11-year-old children (20 girls and 29 boys) saw a film. Half of the children were interviewed after seven days and half after six months. At each test session, half were interviewed according to a cognitive interview (CI), and half according to a structured interview (SI). The children in the CI condition recalled significantly more correct information than the children in the SI condition, both after seven days and after six months. Study II examined whether the Reality Monitoring framework is a valid method for assessing the reliability of statements obtained from a CI. Fifty-eight 10-11-year-old children (27 girls and 31 boys) participated. One-third watched a film and were interviewed according to a CI and two-thirds made up a story and were interviewed according to either a CI or a SI. The CI statements based on observed events contained more visual, affective, spatial and temporal information compared to CI statements based on imagined events. The CI statements based on imagined events did not differ from the SI statements based on imagined events. Considerable developmental work is needed to turn the Reality Monitoring technique into a valid reliability assessment technique. In study III, 6-7-year-old children (38 girls and 37 boys) were presented with a smell, a song and a taste while watching a live event. Each child was allocated to one of five interview types; the CI , the SI , the CI while physically reinstating either the same smell, sound or taste as was present during the live event. No significant differences were found between the interview types. In study IV, 230 police officers (159 women and 71 men) from the United Kingdom ( n = 59), the Netherlands ( n = 49), and Sweden ( n = 123) completed a questionnaire on how to interview child witnesses. Significant differences were found between the three countries. Despite possible discrepancies between actual and self-reported practice, the results support that adequate training being available to practitioners is crucial. In sum, this thesis demonstrates that the cognitive interview can be used successfully with children, both after shorter and longer delays. The results also indicate that children's recall is sensitive to interviewer interference. Finally, practitioners and researchers are advised to work together to increase the benefits of future research on interviews with children.
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- Gustafsson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of burnout in competitive adolescent athletes
- 2007
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Ingår i: The Sport psychologist. - : Human Kinetics. - 0888-4781 .- 1543-2793. ; 21:1, s. 21-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined the factorial validity of the Eades Burnout Inventory (EABI) and the prevalence of burnout in adolescent elite athletes and whether burnout is more common in individual sports than in team sports. The EABI was distributed to 980 athletes (402 females and 578 males) in 29 different sports. Confirmatory-factor analyses revealed an acceptable factorial validity for a theoretically supported four-factor model of the EABI. Between 1% and 9% of the athletes displayed elevated burnout scores on these four subscales. The hypothesis of higher prevalence of burnout in individual sports was, however, not supported. Furthermore, no correlation between training load and burnout scores was found. These findings suggest that factors other than training load must be considered when athletes at risk for burnout are investigated.
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| 10. |
- Dahl, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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The relation between realism in confidence judgements and the phenomenological quality of recognition memory when using emotionally valenced pictures
- 2006
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Ingår i: Applied Cognitive Psychology. - : John Wiley and Sons Ltd. - 0888-4080 .- 1099-0720. ; 20:6, s. 791-806
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to investigate the relation between the phenomenological quality of memory (Tulving, 1985) and the realism (validity) in confidence judgement when using emotional pictures (I.A.P.S; Lang, Ohman, & Vaitl, 1988). A series of three experiments was completed where the participants judged the phenomenological quality of their memory and/or their confidence. The results showed facilitation for the negative pictures in a matrix search task in the encoding phase, where negative pictures were more easily and quickly detected, compared to positive ones. In the memory phase of the experiments a higher degree of recollective experience (a larger proportion of 'remember' responses) was found for negative pictures. A higher level of confidence for recognition of negative pictures than for positive ones was obtained, but no general valence dependent effect on the realism in the confidence judgement was found. However, when analysing only the remember responses, negative pictures showed higher overconfidence than the positive pictures. The results support that a recollective experience induces higher confidence and overconfidence.
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