| 1. |
- Capece, Sabrina, et al.
(författare)
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A general strategy for obtaining biodegradable polymer shelled microbubbles as theranostic devices
- 2013
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Ingår i: Chemical Communications. - 1359-7345 .- 1364-548X. ; 49:51, s. 5763-5765
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fabrication of multifunctional ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) has been recently addressed by several research groups. A versatile strategy for the synthesis of UCA precursors in the form of biodegradable vesicles with a biocompatible crosslinked polymer shell is described. Upon ultrasound irradiation, acoustic droplet vaporization transforms such particles into microbubbles behaving as UCAs. This proof of concept entails the features of a potential theranostic microdevice.
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| 2. |
- Y Banaem, Hossein, et al.
(författare)
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Brain tumor modeling : glioma growth and interaction with chemotherapy
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Conference on Graphic and Image Processing (ICGIP 2011). - : SPIE. ; 8285
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In last decade increasingly mathematical models of tumor growths have been studied, particularly on solid tumors which growth mainly caused by cellular proliferation. In this paper we propose a modified model to simulate the growth of gliomas in different stages. Glioma growth is modeled by a reaction-advection-diffusion. We begin with a model of untreated gliomas and continue with models of polyclonal glioma following chemotherapy. From relatively simple assumptions involving homogeneous brain tissue bounded by a few gross anatomical landmarks (ventricles and skull) the models have been expanded to include heterogeneous brain tissue with different motilities of glioma cells in grey and white matter. Tumor growth is characterized by a dangerous change in the control mechanisms, which normally maintain a balance between the rate of proliferation and the rate of apoptosis (controlled cell death). Result shows that this model closes to clinical finding and can simulate brain tumor behavior properly.
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| 3. |
- Candefjord, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Combining fibre optic Raman spectroscopy and tactile resonance measurement for tissue characterization
- 2010
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Ingår i: Measurement science and technology. - : IOP Publishing Ltd. - 0957-0233 .- 1361-6501. ; 21:125801, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tissue characterization is fundamental for identification of pathological conditions. Raman spectroscopy (RS) and tactile resonance measurement (TRM) are two promising techniques that measure biochemical content and stiffness, respectively. They have potential to complement the golden standard-–histological analysis. By combining RS and TRM, complementary information about tissue content can be obtained and specific drawbacks can be avoided. The aim of this study was to develop a multivariate approach to compare RS and TRM information. The approach was evaluated on measurements at the same points on porcine abdominal tissue. The measurement points were divided into five groups by multivariate analysis of the RS data. A regression analysis was performed and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to compare the RS and TRM data. TRM identified one group efficiently (area under ROC curve 0.99). The RS data showed that the proportion of saturated fat was high in this group. The regression analysis showed that stiffness was mainly determined by the amount of fat and its composition. We concluded that RS provided additional, important information for tissue identification that was not provided by TRM alone. The results are promising for development of a method combining RS and TRM for intraoperative tissue characterization.
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| 4. |
- Candefjord, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Combining scanning haptic microscopy and fibre optic Raman spectroscopy for tissue characterization
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0309-1902 .- 1464-522X. ; 36:6, s. 319-327
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The tactile resonance method (TRM) and Raman spectroscopy (RS) are promising for tissue characterization in vivo. Our goal is to combine these techniques into one instrument, to use TRM for swift scanning, and RS for increasing the diagnostic power. The aim of this study was to determine the classification accuracy, using support vector machines, for measurements on porcine tissue and also produce preliminary data on human prostate tissue. This was done by developing a new experimental set-up combining micro-scale TRMscanning haptic microscopy (SHM)for assessing stiffness on a micro-scale, with fibre optic RS measurements for assessing biochemical content. We compared the accuracy using SHM alone versus SHM combined with RS, for different degrees of tissue homogeneity. The cross-validation classification accuracy for healthy porcine tissue types using SHM alone was 6581%, and when RS was added it increased to 8187%. The accuracy for healthy and cancerous human tissue was 6770% when only SHM was used, and increased to 7277% for the combined measurements. This shows that the potential for swift and accurate classification of healthy and cancerous prostate tissue is high. This is promising for developing a tool for probing the surgical margins during prostate cancer surgery.
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| 5. |
- Candefjord, Stefan
(författare)
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Combining the tactile resonance method and Raman spectroscopy for tissue characterization towards prostate cancer detection
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common male cancer in Europe and the US, and only lung and colorectal cancer have a higher mortality among European men. In Sweden, PCa is the most common cause of cancer-related death for men.The overall aim of this thesis was to explore the need for new and complementary methods for PCa detection and to take the rst step towards a novel approach: combining the tactile resonance method (TRM) and Raman spectroscopy (RS). First, the main methods for PCa detection were reviewed. Second, to establish a robust protocol for RS experiments in vitro, the eects of snap-freezing and laser illumination on porcine prostate tissue were studied using RS and multivariate statistics. Third, measurements on porcine and human tissue were performed to compare the TRM and RS data via multivariate techniques, and to assess the accuracy of classifying healthy and cancerous tissue using a support vector machine algorithm.It was concluded through the literature review that the gold standard for PCa detection and diagnosis, the prostate specic antigen test and systematic biopsy, have low sensitivity and specicity. Indolent and aggressive tumors cannot be reliably dierentiated, and many men are therefore treated either unnecessarily or too late. Clinical benets of the state-of-the-art in PCa imaging - advanced ultrasound and MR techniques - have still not been convincingly shown. There is a need for complementary and cost-eective detection methods. TRM and RS are promising techniques, but hitherto their potential for PCa detection have only been investigated in vitro.In the RS study no evidence of tissue degradation due to 830 nm laser illumination at an irradiance of ∼3 · 1010 W m-2 were found. Snap-freezing and subsequent storage at -80° C gave rise to subtle but signicant changes in Raman spectra, most likely related to alterations in the protein structure. The major changes due to PCa do not seem to be related to the protein structure, hence snap-freezing may be applied in our experiments.The combined measurements on porcine and human prostate tissue showed that RS provided additional discriminatory power to TRM. The classication accuracy for healthy porcine prostate tissue, and for healthy and cancerous human prostate tissue, was > 73%. This shows the power of the support vector machine applied to the combined data.In summary, this work indicates that an instrument combining TRM and RS is a promising complementary method for PCa detection. Snap-freezing of samples may be used in future RS studies of PCa. A combined instrument could be used for tumor-border demarcation during surgery, and potentially for guiding prostate biopsies towards lesions suspicious for cancer. All of this should provide a more secure diagnosis and consequently more effcient treatment of the patient.
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| 6. |
- Löfhede, Johan, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Automatic classification of background EEG activity in healthy and sick neonates
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Neural Engineering. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-2560 .- 1741-2552. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The overall aim of our research is to develop methods for a monitoring system to be used at neonatal intensive care units. When monitoring a baby, a range of different types of background activity needs to be considered. In this work, we have developed a scheme for automatic classification of background EEG activity in newborn babies. EEG from six full-term babies who were displaying a burst suppression pattern while suffering from the after-effects of asphyxia during birth was included along with EEG from 20 full-term healthy newborn babies. The signals from the healthy babies were divided into four behavioural states: active awake, quiet awake, active sleep and quiet sleep. By using a number of features extracted from the EEG together with Fisher’s linear discriminant classifier we have managed to achieve 100% correct classification when separating burst suppression EEG from all four healthy EEG types and 93% true positive classification when separating quiet sleep from the other types. The other three sleep stages could not be classified. When the pathological burst suppression pattern was detected, the analysis was taken one step further and the signal was segmented into burst and suppression, allowing clinically relevant parameters such as suppression length and burst suppression ratio to be calculated. The segmentation of the burst suppression EEG works well, with a probability of error around 4%.
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| 7. |
- Ramser, Kerstin, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Resonance Micro-Raman Investigations of the Rat Medial Preoptic Nucleus: Effects of a Low-Iron Diet on the Neuroglobin Content
- 2012
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Ingår i: Applied Spectroscopy. - : SAGE Publications. - 1943-3530 .- 0003-7028. ; 66:12, s. 1454-1460
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate the medial preoptic nucleus (MPN) of the anterior hypothalamus by resonance Raman spectroscopy (514.5 nm) to determine if it is possible to enhance the Raman scattering of hemoproteins in fresh brain tissue slices. The resonance effect was compared with near-infrared Raman spectra. Two groups of male Sprague Dawley rats were studied, one control group on a normal diet and one group on a low-iron diet to evoke iron deficiency. Each group consisted of four rats, 38-41 days old. The diets lasted for 11, 12, and 15 days. The MPN regions of brain tissue slices were analyzed by monitoring raw and pre-processed mean data, by cluster analysis, and by deriving difference spectra from pre-processed mean spectra. Cluster analysis of the resonance Raman spectra could identify different hemoprotein groups, namely, hemoglobin (Hb) and neuroglobin (Ngb). Spectra from randomly distributed spots revealed high Hb content, whereas Ngb was evenly distributed in the MPN. The different spectra showed a decrease of the Ngb and lipid content for the animals on the low-iron diet. The Ngb decrease was approximately 20%. The data show that resonance Raman spectroscopy is well suited to study hemoproteins in fresh brain tissue.
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| 8. |
- Huang, Xin, et al.
(författare)
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Human interactive secure key and ID exchange protocols in body sensor networks
- 2013
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Ingår i: IET Information Security. - 1751-8709 .- 1751-8717. ; 7:1, s. 30-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A body sensor network (BSN) is typically a wearable wireless sensor network. Security protection is critical to BSNs, since they collect sensitive personal information. Generally speaking, security protection of BSN relies on identity (ID) and key distribution protocols. Most existing protocols are designed to run in general wireless sensor networks, and are not suitable for BSNs. After carefully examining the characteristics of BSNs, the authors propose human interactive empirical channel-based security protocols, which include an elliptic curve Diffie–Hellman version of symmetric hash commitment before knowledge protocol and an elliptic curve Diffie–Hellman version of hash commitment before knowledge protocol. Using these protocols, dynamically distributing keys and IDs become possible. As opposite to present solutions, these protocols do not need any pre-deployment of keys or secrets. Therefore compromised and expired keys or IDs can be easily changed. These protocols exploit human users as temporary trusted third parties. The authors, thus, show that the human interactive channels can help them to design secure BSNs.
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| 9. |
- Abtahi, Farhad, et al.
(författare)
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Biosignal PI, an Affordable Open-Source ECG and Respiration Measurement System
- 2014
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Ingår i: Sensors. - : MDPI AG. - 1424-8220. ; 15:1, s. 93-109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bioimedical pilot projects e.g., telemedicine, homecare, animal and human trials usually involve several physiological measurements. Technical development of these projects is time consuming and in particular costly. A versatile but affordable biosignal measurement platform can help to reduce time and risk while keeping the focus on the important goal and making an efficient use of resources. In this work, an affordable and open source platform for development of physiological signals is proposed. As a first step an 8–12 leads electrocardiogram (ECG) and respiration monitoring system is developed. Chips based on iCoupler technology have been used to achieve electrical isolation as required by IEC 60601 for patient safety. The result shows the potential of this platform as a base for prototyping compact, affordable, and medically safe measurement systems. Further work involves both hardware and software development to develop modules. These modules may require development of front-ends for other biosignals or just collect data wirelessly from different devices e.g., blood pressure, weight, bioimpedance spectrum, blood glucose, e.g., through Bluetooth. All design and development documents, files and source codes will be available for non-commercial use through project website, BiosignalPI.org.
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| 10. |
- Fhager, Andreas, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Image Reconstruction in Microwave Tomography Using a Dielectric Debye Model
- 2012
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering. - 0018-9294 .- 1558-2531. ; 59:1, s. 156 - 166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, quantitative dielectric image reconstruction based on broadband microwave measurements is investigated. A time-domain-based algorithm is derived where Debye model parameters are reconstructed in order to take into account the strong dispersive behavior found in biological tissue. The algorithm is tested with experimental and numerical data in order to verify the algorithm and to investigate improvements in the reconstructed image resulting from the improved description of the dielectric properties of the tissue when using broadband data. The comparison is made in relation to the more commonly used conductivity model. For the evaluation, two examples were considered, the first was a lossy saline solution and the second was less lossy tap water. Both liquids are strongly dispersive and used as a background medium in the imaging examples. The results show that the Debye model algorithm is of most importance in the tap water for a bandwidth of more than 1.5 GHz. Also the saline solution exhibits a dispersive behavior but since the losses restrict the useful bandwidth, the Debye model is of less significance even if somewhat larger and stronger artifacts can be seen in the conductivity model reconstructions.
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