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- Antell, Elina, 1947-
(författare)
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Grundförstärkning på husets styrkevillkor
- 1989
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Ingår i: Kulturmiljövård. - Stockholm : Riksantikvarieämbetet. - 1100-4800. ; :3-4, s. 8-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Vi får inte fixera oss vid enbart deformationer utan vi måste se hela byggnadens bärverk i ett och samma perspektiv, säger Ove Hidemark i en intervju till Kulturmiljövård. Ove Hidemark är professor vid Konsthögskolans Arkitekturskola, avdelningen för restaurerings konst, tillika en framstående praktiserande arkitekt i restaurering. Hans restaureringar följer en bestämd modell som utgår från en förundersökning, en teknisk-historisk dokumentation och en efterföljande analys av hela husets status. —En grundförstärkning kan aldrig diskuteras utan hänsyntill husets överbyggnad, säger Ove Hidemark. Själva ordet grundförstärkning är fel, tycker han och utvecklar sina tankar så här.
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| 5. |
- Björklöf, Sune, 1935-2012
(författare)
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Byggbranschens innovationsbenägenhet : En studie om den svenska byggbranschens inställning till innovationer och branschens beredskapatt hantera innovationsfrågor
- 1986
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The attitude of the building sector towards innovation and its intellectual and organizational preparedness for dealing with the issues of innovation is the aim of this study. The core question can be formulated as follows: Why does a building company accept certain innovations but not others? The fundamental ideas of the study are rooted in the central European tradition of the historico-qualitiative school of thought. Another basic idea for the thesis is Dewcy’s and Bcntley's theory of transactional cognition introduced in Sweden by Hanssen under the term ""field concept" according to which the content and object of knowledge are seen as an entirety. The reason for approaching the problem qualitatively. that is through not highly structured interviews based on the author's long personal experience in the sector, is its compound and many face ted nature a long with the fact that verbal discussion is firmly grounded in building sector tradition.Innovations has to pass trough three different filters. These filters are at the point where the innovation enters the company, during the bid preparation process and upon the absorption of the innovation into the project. Important factors influencing the passage through these filters arc papyrophobia, the old boy network (OBN) and the structure of the production system. Papyrophobia is expressed in a general reluctance to deal with theoretical issues and documentation. OBN denotes an informal communication network. Production is run by and within project organizations. i.e. repetitive ad hoc aggregates independent of the parent organization. These factors in combination with time and financial pressure obstruct the possibility of creating a research tradition.Characteristic features of the socio-cultural tradition of the sector are that it is male dominated, that the educational system classifies those working in the field according to trade and profession, and that the strong position of production aspects have brought to the forefront the energetic practitioner. His values are strictly professional. Information is to a great extent transmitted orally. There is strength in the ability of Swedish construction firms to plan and improvise within an established frame. However, a certain streak of marginalism with the potential of inhibiting innovation does exist in their pattern of action. Also typical of the tradition is the ideal of the free entrepreneur and the organization of large companies as confederations of a number of small and medium size firms. Finally, a fundamental cultural feature of the construction industry is openness. News spreads rapidly to a competitor.Innovations are disseminated in several ways, but one dominant pattern persists that cannot be seen in other industries. While the projects are important for testing and diffusion of innovations, the companies arc more intrumental in propagating information of innovations. The building materials industry's R&D work follows a pattern similar to that of production companies in other sectors.The building sector's readiness to follow and work with innovation issues can generally be rated as low. The confinement of interest to production aspects combined with the marked open· ness provides ample room for the materials manufacturers and companies outside the sector to introduce new products and materials. In the long run, it is the gradual change in this assortment that will transform building techniques and technology. Change is generated by other sectors.
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| 8. |
- Olofsson, Thomas
(författare)
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Mathematical modelling of jointed rock masses
- 1985
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this thesis, a theoretical model of the mechanical behaviour of jointed rock masses is developed. An equivalent material approach is used to formulate the constitutive equations, where the structural components, intact rock and joints are assigned continuous material properties. The elastic and inelastic properties of the joints are modelled by an elasto-viscoplastic formulation. The model can be used to study general stress and strain paths for both two- and three-dimensional structures based on constitutive equations, i.e. stress-strain relations or in finite element codes. The rock mass model using the equivalent material approach can be applied to hard rock masses with several sets of intersecting continuous joints. The theoretical model developed for a single joint can also be used for discrete formulation of joint elements in finite element codes, cf. chapter 3. The intact rock is treated as a linearly elastic material. The elastic behaviour of the joint is modelled with a constant stiffness matrix. The onset of plastic flow is initiated when the normal stress exceeds the normal compressive strength of the joint asperities or the tensile normal strength of the joint. the shear stress exceeds the cohesive strength and frictional resistance of the joint surface. The normal tensile strength and the cohesion of the joints are assumed to be constant material properties. The frictional parameters the dilation rate, and the shear asperity angle, and the compressive normal strength are functions of the the compressive normal strength are functions of the applied stress field and joint displacement. Simple relations based on Barton's constants joint roughness coefficient, JRC, joint compressive strength, JCS, and the residual friction angle, 0r, simple relations are fitted to these parameters. This implies that input data to the model can be extracted from the Rock Mechanics literature for a wide variety of joints. Results from laboratory shear box test and numerical calculations has been made for a number of different joints. Good agreement was obtained. It shows, that peak shear strength behaviour of joint in principal is a function of dilation rate. Further, the calculations indicated that the elastic off-diagonal behaviour of joints, reported in the rock mechanics literature, is related to the dilation angle at the asperities in contact. By means of finite element technique the model is applied to a circular opening in a jointed rock mass. It is concluded that the model offers several advantages over a discrete formulation.
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- Ericson, T., et al.
(författare)
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Informationsteknik
- 1989
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Ingår i: Teknik och standard. - 0281-5915. ; :3, s. 2-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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