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Epidemiology of Vir...
Epidemiology of Viral-associated Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection Among Children < 5 Years of Age in a High HIV Prevalence Setting, South Africa, 2009-2012
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Cohen, Cheryl (author)
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Walaza, Sibongile (author)
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Moyes, Jocelyn (author)
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Groome, Michelle (author)
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Tempia, Stefano (author)
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Pretorius, Marthi (author)
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Hellferscee, Orienka (author)
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Dawood, Halima (author)
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Chhagan, Meera (author)
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Naby, Fathima (author)
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Haffejee, Summaya (author)
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Variava, Ebrahim (author)
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- Kahn, Kathleen (author)
- Umeå universitet,Epidemiologi och global hälsa
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Nzenze, Susan (author)
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Tshangela, Akhona (author)
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von Gottberg, Anne (author)
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Wolter, Nicole (author)
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Cohen, Adam L. (author)
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Kgokong, Babatyi (author)
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Venter, Marietjie (author)
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Madhi, Shabir A. (author)
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(creator_code:org_t)
- 2015
- 2015
- English.
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In: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. - 0891-3668 .- 1532-0987. ; 34:1, s. 66-72
- Related links:
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https://urn.kb.se/re...
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https://doi.org/10.1...
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Abstract
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- Background: Data on the epidemiology of viral-associated acute lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) from high HIV prevalence settings are limited. We aimed to describe LRTI hospitalizations among South African children aged < 5 years. Methods: We prospectively enrolled hospitalized children with physician-diagnosed LRTI from 5 sites in 4 provinces from 2009 to 2012. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), nasopharyngeal aspirates were tested for 10 viruses and blood for pneumococcal DNA. Incidence was estimated at 1 site with available population denominators. Results: We enrolled 8723 children aged < 5 years with LRTI, including 64% < 12 months. The case-fatality ratio was 2% (150/8512). HIV prevalence among tested children was 12% (705/5964). The overall prevalence of respiratory viruses identified was 78% (6517/8393), including 37% rhinovirus, 26% respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), 7% influenza and 5% human metapneumovirus. Four percent (253/6612) tested positive for pneumococcus. The annual incidence of LRTI hospitalization ranged from 2530 to 3173/100,000 population and was highest in infants (8446-10532/100,000). LRTI incidence was 1.1 to 3.0-fold greater in HIV-infected than HIV-uninfected children. In multivariable analysis, compared to HIV-uninfected children, HIV-infected children were more likely to require supplemental-oxygen [odds ratio (OR): 1.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1-1.7)], be hospitalized > 7 days (OR: 3.8, 95% CI: 2.8-5.0) and had a higher case-fatality ratio (OR: 4.2, 95% CI: 2.6-6.8). In multivariable analysis, HIV-infection (OR: 3.7, 95% CI: 2.2-6.1), pneumococcal coinfection (OR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.1-5.6), mechanical ventilation (OR: 6.9, 95% CI: 2.7-17.6) and receipt of supplemental-oxygen (OR: 27.3, 95% CI: 13.2-55.9) were associated with death. Conclusions: HIV-infection was associated with an increased risk of LRTI hospitalization and death. A viral pathogen, commonly RSV, was identified in a high proportion of LRTI cases.
Subject headings
- MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Klinisk medicin -- Pediatrik (hsv//swe)
- MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Clinical Medicine -- Pediatrics (hsv//eng)
- MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Klinisk medicin -- Infektionsmedicin (hsv//swe)
- MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Clinical Medicine -- Infectious Medicine (hsv//eng)
- MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Medicinska och farmaceutiska grundvetenskaper -- Immunologi inom det medicinska området (hsv//swe)
- MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Basic Medicine -- Immunology in the medical area (hsv//eng)
Keyword
- pneumonia
- HIV
- AIDS
- children
- lower respiratory tract infection
- South Africa
Publication and Content Type
- ref (subject category)
- art (subject category)
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- By the author/editor
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Cohen, Cheryl
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Walaza, Sibongil ...
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Moyes, Jocelyn
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Groome, Michelle
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Tempia, Stefano
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Pretorius, Marth ...
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show more...
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Hellferscee, Ori ...
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Dawood, Halima
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Chhagan, Meera
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Naby, Fathima
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Haffejee, Summay ...
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Variava, Ebrahim
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Kahn, Kathleen
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Nzenze, Susan
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Tshangela, Akhon ...
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von Gottberg, An ...
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Wolter, Nicole
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Cohen, Adam L.
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Kgokong, Babatyi
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Venter, Marietji ...
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Madhi, Shabir A.
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show less...
- About the subject
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- MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES
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MEDICAL AND HEAL ...
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and Clinical Medicin ...
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and Pediatrics
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- MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES
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MEDICAL AND HEAL ...
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and Clinical Medicin ...
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and Infectious Medic ...
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- MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES
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MEDICAL AND HEAL ...
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and Basic Medicine
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and Immunology in th ...
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The Pediatric In ...
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Umeå University