| 91. |
- Abu-Ghaida, Haitham, et al.
(författare)
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Accounting for product recovery potential in building life cycle assessments: a disassembly network-based approach
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. - 1614-7502 .- 0948-3349. ; In Press
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Existing life cycle assessment (LCA) methods for buildings often overlook the benefits of product recovery potential, whether for future reuse or repurposing. This oversight arises from the limited scope of such methods, which often ignore the complex interdependencies between building products. The present paper, backed by its supplementary Python library, introduces a method that addresses this gap, emphasizing the influence of product interdependencies and future recovery potential on environmental impact. Methods: Implementing the proposed method requires adding a phase, the recovery potential assessment, to the four phases that constitute an LCA according to the ISO 14040/14044 guidelines. Given the disassembly sequence for each product, in the first step of the recovery potential assessment, a disassembly network (DN) is created that displays structural and accessibility dependencies. By calculating the average of the disassembly potential (DP) of each structural dependency (second step) associated with that product, we obtain the DP (0.1–1) at the product level in a third step. Because there is no empirical data available to support a specific relationship between product disassembly potential and recovery potential (RP) (0–1), we employ, in a fourth step, a flexible model specification to represent scenarios of how this relationship may look like. Ultimately, for each scenario, the resulting RP is used to enable a probabilistic material flow analysis with a binary outcome, whether to be recovered or not. The resulting product-level median material flows are then used to quantify the building’s environmental impact for a given impact category in the life cycle impact assessment (LCIA). The results are interpreted through an uncertainty, hotspot, and sensitivity analysis. Results and discussion: Our results show that not considering the interdependencies between building products in building LCAs results in underestimating the embodied greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by up to 28.29%. This discrepancy is primarily attributed to a failure to account for additional material flows stemming from secondary replacements owing to the interdependencies during the life cycle. When accounting for end-of-life recovery benefits, a zero-energy building (ZEB) design incorporating some DfD principles demonstrated up to 45.94% lower embodied GHG emissions than the ZEB design with low disassembly potential when assuming that recovered products will be reused. Conclusions: Our approach provides first-of-a-kind evidence that not accounting for recovery potential may significantly distort the results of an LCA for buildings. The method and its supporting code support the semi-automated calculation of the otherwise neglected potential environmental impact, thus helping to drive the transition towards a more sustainable built environment. The supporting code allows researchers to build on the proposed framework if more data on the relationship between DP and RP become available in the future. Finally, while applied to buildings in this paper, the proposed framework is adaptable to any complex product with limited modifications in the supporting code.
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| 92. |
- Abu-Shaban, Z., et al.
(författare)
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Near-field Localization with a Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Acting as Lens
- 2021
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Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Communications. - 1550-3607. ; June 2021
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exploiting wavefront curvature enables localization with limited infrastructure and hardware complexity. With the introduction of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs), new opportunities arise, in particular when the RIS is functioning as a lens receiver. We investigate the localization of a transmitter using a RIS-based lens in close proximity to a single receive antenna element attached to reception radio frequency chain. We perform a Fisher information analysis, evaluate the impact of different lens configurations, and propose a two-stage localization algorithm. Our results indicate that positional beamforming can lead to better performance when a priori location information is available, while random beamforming is preferred when a priori information is lacking. Our simulation results for a moderate size lens operating at 28 GHz showcased that decimeter-level accuracy can be attained within 3 meters to the lens.
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| 93. |
- Abu-Shaban, Z., et al.
(författare)
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Performance Analysis for Autonomous Vehicle 5g-Assisted Positioning in GNSS-Challenged Environments
- 2020
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Ingår i: 2020 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium, PLANS 2020. ; , s. 996-1003
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Standalone Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are known to provide a positioning accuracy of a few meters in open sky conditions. This accuracy can drop significantly when the line-of-sight (LOS) paths to some GNSS satellites are obstructed, e.g., in urban canyons or underground tunnels. To overcome this issue, the general approach is usually to augment GNSS systems with other dedicated subsystems to help cover the gaps arising from obscured LOS. Positioning in 5G has attracted some attention lately, mainly due to the possibility to provide cm-level accuracy using 5G signals and infrastructure, effectively imposing no additional cost. In this paper, we study the hybridization of GNSS and 5G positioning in terms of achievable position and velocity error bounds. We focus on scenarios where satellite visibility is constrained by the environment geometry, and where the GNSS and 5G positioning systems fail to perform individually or provide prohibitively large error.
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| 94. |
- Abu-Shaban, Z., et al.
(författare)
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Single-anchor two-way localization bounds for 5G mmWave systems
- 2020
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. - 0018-9545 .- 1939-9359. ; 69:6, s. 6388-6400
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently, millimeter-wave (mmWave) 5G localization has been shown to be to provide centimeter-level accuracy, lending itself to many location-aware applications, e.g., connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs). One assumption usually made in the investigation of localization methods is that the user equipment (UE), i.e., a CAV, and the base station (BS) are time synchronized. In this paper, we remove this assumption and investigate two two-way localization protocols: (i) a round-trip localization protocol (RLP), whereby the BS and UE exchange signals in two rounds of transmission and then localization is achieved using the signal received in the second round; (ii) a collaborative localization protocol (CLP), whereby localization is achieved using the signals received in the two rounds. We derive the position and orientation error bounds applying beamforming at both ends and compare them to the traditional one-way localization. Our results show that mmWave localization is mainly limited by the angular rather than the temporal estimation and that CLP significantly outperforms RLP. Our simulations also show that it is more beneficial to have more antennas at the BS than at the UE.
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| 95. |
- Abu-Youssef, Morsy A. M., et al.
(författare)
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Molecular, supramolecular structures combined with hirshfeld and dft studies of centrosymmetric m(Ii)-azido {m=ni(ii), fe(ii) or zn(ii)} complexes of 4-benzoylpyridine
- 2021
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Ingår i: Symmetry. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-8994. ; 13:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The supramolecular structures of the three metal (II) azido complexes [Fe(4bzpy)4 (N3 )2 ]; 1, [Ni(4bzpy)4 (N3 )2 ]; 2 and [Zn(4bzpy)2 (N3 )2 ]n; 3 with 4-benzoylpyridine (4bzpy) were presented. All complexes contain hexa-coordinated divalent metal ions with a slightly distorted octahedral MN6 coordination sphere. Complexes 1 and 2 are monomeric with terminal azido groups while 3 is one-dimensional coordination polymer containing azido groups with µ(1,1) and µ(1,3) bridging modes of bonding. Hirshfeld analysis was used to quantitatively determine the different contacts affecting the molecular packing in the studied complexes. The most common interactions are the polar O … H and N … H interactions and the hydrophobic C … H contacts. The charges at the M(II) sites are calculated to be 1.004, 0.847, and 1.147 e for complexes 1–3, respectively. The degree of asymmetry is the highest in the case of the terminal azide in complexes 1 and 2 while was found the lowest in the µ(1,1) and µ(1,3) azide bonding modes in the Zn(II) complex 3. These facts were further explained in terms of atoms in molecules (AIM) topological parameters.
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| 96. |
- Abubakar, Awwal Sanusi, et al.
(författare)
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The role of People and Digitalization as an Enabler of Resource Efficiency in Manufacturing
- 2022
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Ingår i: CEUR Workshop Proceedings. - 1613-0073. ; 3239, s. 111-120
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Global sustainability challenges have been escalating in recent times, resulting in climate change, pollution, and resource scarcity. Reducing the amount of resources being used can help to mitigate these challenges by lowering our carbon footprint, reducing waste and improving our economic resilience. To achieve these benefits, researchers and industries have begun looking into Industry 4.0 technologies as a tool to drive resource efficiency gains. In this paper, the research question explores the challenges that hinder companies from adopting digital technologies. Other topics discussed include how digital technologies can support resource efficiency, and how people can support resource efficiency. Data for this study was collected from a face-to-face workshop event which included expert participants from industry, academia, and the UK Government. This workshop aimed to gain insights into the adoption barriers and opportunities for digital technology to target environmental performance. The main adoption barrier identified was lack of knowledge. Other barriers include lack of trust, lack of finance and lack of expertise. Environmental performance is usually not targeted because it is not a priority for many organizations. Nevertheless, external stakeholders are putting pressure on companies to incentivize sustainable change. This paper identifies the challenges that hinder companies from adopting digital technologies and gives insights into how digital technologies can support people for resource efficiency.
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| 97. |
- Abuhasanein, Suleiman, et al.
(författare)
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A novel model of artificial intelligence based automated image analysis of CT urography to identify bladder cancer in patients investigated for macroscopic hematuria
- 2024
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology. - : Medical Journal Sweden AB. - 2168-1805 .- 2168-1813. ; 59, s. 90-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether artificial intelligence (AI) based automatic image analysis utilising convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can be used to evaluate computed tomography urography (CTU) for the presence of urinary bladder cancer (UBC) in patients with macroscopic hematuria. METHODS: Our study included patients who had undergone evaluation for macroscopic hematuria. A CNN-based AI model was trained and validated on the CTUs included in the study on a dedicated research platform (Recomia.org). Sensitivity and specificity were calculated to assess the performance of the AI model. Cystoscopy findings were used as the reference method. RESULTS: The training cohort comprised a total of 530 patients. Following the optimisation process, we developed the last version of our AI model. Subsequently, we utilised the model in the validation cohort which included an additional 400 patients (including 239 patients with UBC). The AI model had a sensitivity of 0.83 (95% confidence intervals [CI], 0.76-0.89), specificity of 0.76 (95% CI 0.67-0.84), and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 0.97 (95% CI 0.95-0.98). The majority of tumours in the false negative group (n = 24) were solitary (67%) and smaller than 1 cm (50%), with the majority of patients having cTaG1-2 (71%). CONCLUSIONS: We developed and tested an AI model for automatic image analysis of CTUs to detect UBC in patients with macroscopic hematuria. This model showed promising results with a high detection rate and excessive NPV. Further developments could lead to a decreased need for invasive investigations and prioritising patients with serious tumours.
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| 98. |
- Abuimara, Tareq, et al.
(författare)
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Detailed Case Studies
- 2023
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Ingår i: Occupant-Centric Simulation-Aided Building Design. - 9781000865752 ; , s. 257-367
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Wireless body area networks (WBANs) are one of the key technologies that support the development of pervasive health monitoring (remote patient monitoring systems), which has attracted more attention in recent years. These WBAN applications requires stringent security requirements as they are concerned with human lives. In the recent scenario of the corona pandemic, where most of the healthcare providers are giving online services for treatment, DDoS attacks become the major threats over the internet. This chapter particularly focusses on detection of DDoS attack using machine learning algorithms over the healthcare environment. In the process of attack detection, the dataset is preprocessed. After preprocessing the dataset, the cleaned dataset is given to the popular classification algorithms in the area of machine learning namely, AdaBoost, J48, k-NN, JRip, Random Committee and Random Forest classifiers. Those algorithms are evaluated independently and the results are recorded. Results concluded that J48 outperform with accuracy of 99.98% with CICIDS dataset and random forest outperform with accuracy of 99.917, but it takes the longest model building time. Depending on the evaluation performance the appropriate classifier is selected for further DDoS detection at real-time.
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| 99. |
- Abujubara, Helal, et al.
(författare)
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Substrate-derived Sortase A inhibitors: targeting an essential virulence factor of Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria
- 2023
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Ingår i: Chemical Science. - 2041-6520 .- 2041-6539. ; 14:25, s. 6975-6985
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The bacterial transpeptidase Sortase A (SrtA) is a surface enzyme of Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria. It has been shown to be an essential virulence factor for the establishment of various bacterial infections, including septic arthritis. However, the development of potent Sortase A inhibitors remains an unmet challenge. Sortase A relies on a five amino acid sorting signal (LPXTG), by which it recognizes its natural target. We report the synthesis of a series of peptidomimetic inhibitors of Sortase A based on the sorting signal, supported by computational binding analysis. By employing a FRET-compatible substrate, our inhibitors were assayed in vitro. Among our panel, we identified several promising inhibitors with IC50 values below 200 mu M, with our strongest inhibitor - LPRDSar - having an IC50 of 18.9 mu M. Furthermore, it was discovered that three of our compounds show an effect on growth and biofilm inhibition of pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus, with the inclusion of a phenyl ring seemingly key to this effect. The most promising compound in our panel, BzLPRDSar, could inhibit biofilm formation at concentrations as low as 32 mu g mL(-1), manifesting it as a potential future drug lead. This could lead to treatments for MRSA infections in clinics and diseases such as septic arthritis, which has been directly linked with SrtA.
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| 100. |
- Acciai, Matteo, 1992, et al.
(författare)
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Constraints between entropy production and its fluctuations in nonthermal engines
- 2024
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. - 2469-9969 .- 2469-9950. ; 109:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We analyze a mesoscopic conductor autonomously performing a thermodynamically useful task, such as cooling or producing electrical power, in a part of the system - the working substance - by exploiting another terminal or set of terminals - the resource - that contains a stationary nonthermal (nonequilibrium) distribution. Thanks to the nonthermal properties of the resource, on average no exchange of particles or energy with the working substance is required to fulfill the task. This resembles the action of a demon, as long as only average quantities are considered. Here, we go beyond a description based on average currents and investigate the role of fluctuations in such a system. We show that a minimum level of entropy fluctuations in the system is necessary, whenever one is exploiting a certain entropy production in the resource terminal to perform a useful task in the working substance. For concrete implementations of the demonic nonthermal engine in three- and four-terminal electronic conductors in the quantum Hall regime, we compare the resource fluctuations to the entropy production in the resource and to the useful engine output (produced power or cooling power).
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