| 14411. |
- Zuidersma, Marij, et al.
(författare)
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A bi-factor model of the Montgomery Åsberg depression rating scale and future cognitive impairments in older adults : A 6-year follow-up study.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychiatric Research. - : Elsevier. - 0022-3956 .- 1879-1379. ; 109, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Depression has been found to be associated with cognitive decline. This study evaluated the association of general depressive symptoms and motivational-related symptoms with cognitive impairment 6 years later and to explore the role of potential underlying mechanisms. In 2690 cognitively healthy persons aged ≥60 from the Swedish National study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K) depressive symptoms were derived from the Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Cognitive performance was assessed at baseline and 6 years later in 1810 persons with the Mini Mental State Examination (global cognition), Digit Span Forward (short-term memory), Digit Span Backward (working memory), Clock-test (visuospatial construction), and the 5-item test (immediate and delayed recall). Bi-factor analysis on the MADRS yielded a General Depression factor and an unrelated Motivational factor. After adjusting for demographics, the General Depression factor was only associated with 6-year impairment in delayed recall (OR (95% CI): 1.18 (1.04-1.34)). This association was no longer significant after adjusting for demographics, cardiovascular risk, lifestyle factors and medication use. The Motivational factor was not significantly associated with future cognitive impairments after adjusting for demographics. Concluding, almost all associations of general depressive symptoms and motivational-related symptoms with future cognitive impairments appeared to be confounded by demographics. Only the association of general depressive symptoms with future memory impairments appeared to be explained by a combination of demographics, cardiovascular risk, lifestyle and medication use.
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| 14412. |
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| 14413. |
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| 14414. |
- Zuo, Nianming, et al.
(författare)
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Activation-based association profiles differentiate network roles across cognitive loads
- 2019
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Ingår i: Human Brain Mapping. - : Wiley. - 1065-9471 .- 1097-0193. ; 40:9, s. 2800-2812
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Working memory (WM) is a complex and pivotal cognitive system underlying the performance of many cognitive behaviors. Although individual differences in WM performance have previously been linked to the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) response across several large-scale brain networks, the unique and shared contributions of each large-scale brain network to efficient WM processes across different cognitive loads remain elusive. Using a WM paradigm and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) from the Human Connectome Project, we proposed a framework to assess the association and shared-association strength between imaging biomarkers and behavioral scales. Association strength is the capability of individual brain regions to modulate WM performance and shared-association strength measures how different regions share the capability of modulating performance. Under higher cognitive load (2-back), the frontoparietal executive control network (FPN), dorsal attention network (DAN), and salience network showed significant positive activation and positive associations, whereas the default mode network (DMN) showed the opposite pattern, namely, significant deactivation and negative associations. Comparing the different cognitive loads, the DMN and FPN showed predominant associations and globally shared-associations. When investigating the differences in association from lower to higher cognitive loads, the DAN demonstrated enhanced association strength and globally shared-associations, which were significantly greater than those of the other networks. This study characterized how brain regions individually and collaboratively support different cognitive loads.
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| 14415. |
- Zuo, Nianming, et al.
(författare)
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Functional maintenance in the multiple demand network characterizes superior fluid intelligence in aging
- 2020
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Ingår i: Neurobiology of Aging. - : Elsevier BV. - 0197-4580 .- 1558-1497. ; 85, s. 145-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The multiple demand network (MDN) is conceptualized as the core processing system for multi-tasking. Increasing evidence also provides strong support for the involvement of the MDN in fluid intelligence (gF), that is, the ability to solve new problems. However, the underlying neural mechanisms of declining intelligence in old age are poorly explored, particularly whether maintenance of the functional architecture of the MDN can characterize superior intelligence in successful aging. Here, we used eigenvector centrality (EC) to explore the resting-state functional architecture of the MDN in terms of its communication across the entire brain. We found gF to be negatively associated with age and that the MDN EC competitively mediated age-related decline in gF over the aging lifespan, suggesting that excessive cross-talk from the MDN is deleterious for intelligence. Critically, older individuals with comparable MDN EC as younger individuals exhibited superior gF compared with their age-matched counterparts. Taken together, these data provide support for the maintenance of youth-like functional architecture of the MDN and its implication for superior intelligence in successful aging.
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| 14416. |
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| 14417. |
- Zuurbier, Lisette A, et al.
(författare)
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Uncinate fasciculus fractional anisotropy correlates with typical use of reappraisal in women but not men
- 2013
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Ingår i: Emotion. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 1528-3542 .- 1931-1516. ; 13:3, s. 385-390
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emotion regulation refers to strategies through which individuals influence their experience and expression of emotions. Two typical strategies are reappraisal, a cognitive strategy for reframing the context of an emotional experience, and suppression, a behavioral strategy for inhibiting emotional responses. Functional neuroimaging studies have revealed that regions of the prefrontal cortex modulate amygdala reactivity during both strategies, but relatively greater downregulation of the amygdala occurs during reappraisal. Moreover, these studies demonstrated that engagement of this modulatory circuitry varies as a function of gender. The uncinate fasciculus is a major structural pathway connecting regions of the anterior temporal lobe, including the amygdala to inferior frontal regions, especially the orbitofrontal cortex. The objective of the current study was to map variability in the structural integrity of the uncinate fasciculus onto individual differences in self-reported typical use of reappraisal and suppression. Diffusion tensor imaging was used in 194 young adults to derive regional fractional anisotropy values for the right and left uncinate fasciculus. All participants also completed the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. In women but not men, self-reported typical reappraisal use was positively correlated with fractional anisotropy values in a region of the left uncinate fasciculus within the orbitofrontal cortex. In contrast, typical use of suppression was not significantly correlated with fractional anisotropy in any region of the uncinate fasciculus in either men or women. Our data suggest that in women typical reappraisal use is specifically related to the integrity of white matter pathways linking the amygdala and prefrontal cortex.
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| 14418. |
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| 14419. |
- Zwedberg, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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When student midwives are present during labour and childbirth in a peer-learning model : An interview study of parents in Sweden.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Midwifery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0266-6138 .- 1532-3099. ; 104, s. 103173-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: For peer learning to be useful in clinical practice, we need to know how parents experience peer learning during labour and childbirth. This study explored how parents experienced having two students present during labour and childbirth in a peer-learning model.DESIGN: A qualitative approach using individual interviews followed by thematic inductive analysis.SETTING: Three hospitals and obstetric units in Stockholm, Sweden.PARTICIPANTS: Eleven women and nine partners.FINDINGS: The overarching theme was that of a fruitful model of health care, in which there were gains for both parents and students. Parents described feeling seen and cared for, being made aware of what was going on, and never being left alone (subtheme 1, Trustful relationship). Parents appreciated being able to observe student midwives' attendance to the tasks at hand and that they, the two students, learned from each other (subtheme 2, Advantages for students).CONCLUSIONS: The parent couple was able to build a trustful relationship with both students. Furthermore, could parents only see advantages for students in a peer-learning model. Parents reported generous support and were willing to contribute to student education. Parents took advantage of the learning taking place between the two students. The model deserves to be incorporated in the midwifery-student internships to complement more individually assisted births.
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| 14420. |
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