| 1531. |
- Ahlgren, Inger
(författare)
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Utbildningsplaner och reformimplementering : Sjuksköterskeutbildningen i fokus
- 2000
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study describes the course of events within the area of health care with regard to two educational reforms in Sweden: the 1982 reform of certain middle length health care education called the Health Care 77 reform and the 1993 University and College reform. As a result of the first of these reforms, the nursing education was transformed from an education on the secondary school level to a university college level.The present study which has its underpinnings within the implementation process has twoaims: first to clarify the governmental intentions and to illustrate how these intentions wereinterpreted and formulated by those in charge of executing the reforms and secondly toinvestigate to what degree other factors than those directly connected to the actual reformshave influenced the content and form of the operative activities.The frame of reference describes the problems of political governing of education as twofold: the process of making political decisions and the process of executing those decisions.The reality where the goals are formulated and reality where goals are realized are governedby different contingencies, which may be difficult to bridge between. In the present study, thepolitical governing of a reform is seen in a curriculum theoretical perspective and theexecution of the reform is seen in an organization theoretical perspective.The empirical material in this study entails primarily government and local documentssupplemented by interview studies along with studies of correspondence studies with thoseinvolved in the units of interest.There are two main results of this study. The first result was that the formal politicalgoverning of an education has a certain impact but that the informal execution of a reformwill be dependent upon the values and culture of those in the local organization. The secondresult showed that the implementation process entails two phases: a transformation phasewhere government directives are reformulated into local documents and an implementationphase where the local documents are executed in an activity. Commonly, researchers includethe transformation phase within the implementation process but the results of this studysuggest that it may be of greater value to view the transformation phase as phenomena, whichcan be both defined and studied on its own.
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| 1532. |
- Ahlgren, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Biogenic phosphorus in oligotropic mountain lake sediments: Differences in composition measured with NMR spectroscopy
- 2006
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Ingår i: Water Research. - Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Analyt Chem, S-75124 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ So Denmark, Inst Biol, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark. Uppsala Univ, Dept Organ & Biol Chem, S-75123 Uppsala, Sweden. Uppsala Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut, EBC, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. : Elsevier BV. - 0043-1354 .- 1879-2448. ; :40, s. 3705-3712
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 1533. |
- Ahlgren, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Degradation of organic phosphorus compounds in anoxic Baltic Sea sediments : A P-31 nuclear magnetic resonance study
- 2006
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Ingår i: Limnology and Oceanography. - Uppsala Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. Uppsala Univ, Dept Chem, S-75124 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ So Denmark, Inst Biol, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark.. - 0024-3590 .- 1939-5590. ; 51:5, s. 2341-2348
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The composition and abundance of phosphorus extracted by NaOH-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid from anoxic Northwest Baltic Sea sediment was characterized and quantified using solution P-31 nuclear magnetic resonance. Extracts from sediment depths down to 55 cm, representing 85 yr of deposition, contained 18.5 g m(-2) orthophosphate. Orthophosphate monoesters, teichoic acid P, microbial P lipids, DNA P, and pyrophosphate corresponded to 6.7, 0.3, 1.1, 3.0, and 0.03 g P m(-2), respectively. The degradability of these compound groups was estimated by their decline in concentration with sediment depth. Pyrophosphate had the shortest half-life (3 yr), followed by microbial P lipids with a half-life of 5 yr, DNA P (8 yr), and orthophosphate monoesters (16 yr). No decline in concentration with sediment depth was observed for orthophosphate or teichoic acid P.
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| 1534. |
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| 1535. |
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| 1536. |
- Ahlgren, Joakim, 1972-
(författare)
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Organic Phosphorus Compounds in Aquatic Sediments : Analysis, Abundance and Effects
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Phosphorus (P) is often the limiting nutrient in lacustrine and brackish eco-systems, and enhanced input of P into an aquatic system might therefore negatively impact the environment. Because modern waste water manage-ment have reduced external P input to surface waters, internal P loading from the sediment has become one of the main P sources to aquatic ecosys-tems, in which relatively unknown organic P compounds seem to be more active in P recycling than previously thought. This thesis focus is on improving analysis methods for organic P com-pounds in lacustrine and brackish sediments, as well as determining which of these compounds might be degraded, mobilized and subsequently recycled to the water column and on what temporal scale this occur. In both lacustrine and brackish environments, the most labile P compound was pyrophosphate, followed by different phosphate diesters. Phosphate monoesters were the least labile organic P compounds and degraded the slowest with sediment depth. In regulated lakes, it was shown that pyrophosphate and polyphos-phate compound groups were most related to lake trophic status, thus indi-cating their involvement in P cycling. This thesis also indicates faster P turn-over in sediment from the brackish environment compared to sediment from the lacustrine environment. A comparison of organic P extraction procedures showed that pre-extraction with EDTA, and NaOH as main extractant, was most efficient for total P extraction. Using buffered sodium dithionite (BD) as a pre-extractant and NaOH as main extractant was most efficient for extracting the presuma-bly most labile organic P compound groups, pyrophosphate and polyphos-phate. Furthermore, it was determined that organic P compounds associated with humic substances were more recalcitrant than other P compounds, that the BD step used in traditional P fractionation might extract phosphate monoesters, and that NMR is a statistically valid method for quantification of organic P compounds in sediment extracts.
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| 1537. |
- Ahlgren, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Sediment Depth Attenuation of Biogenic Phosphorus Compounds Measured by 31P NMR
- 2005
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - Univ Uppsala, Dept Analyt Chem, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Uppsala, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Uppsala, Dept Organ Chem, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden. : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 39:3, s. 867-872
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being a major cause of eutrophication and subsequent loss of water quality, the turnover of phosphorus (P) in lake sediments is in need of deeper understanding. A major part of the flux of P to eutrophic lake sediments is organically bound or of biogenic origin. This P is incorporated in a poorly described mixture of autochthonous and allochthonous sediment and forms the primary storage of P available for recycling to the water column, thus regulating lake trophic status. To identify and quantify biogenic sediment P and assess its lability, we analyzed sediment cores from Lake Erken, Sweden, using traditional P fractionation, and in parallel, NaOH extracts were analyzed using 31P NMR. The surface sediments contain orthophosphates (ortho-P) and pyrophosphates (pyro-P), as well as phosphate mono- and diesters. The first group of compounds to disappear with increased sediment depth is pyrophosphate, followed by a steady decline of the different ester compounds. Estimated half-life times of these compound groups are about 10 yr for pyrophosphate and 2 decades for mono- and diesters. Probably, these compounds will be mineralized to ortho-P and is thus potentially available for recycling to the water column, supporting further growth of phytoplankton. In conclusion, 31P NMR is a useful tool to asses the bioavailability of certain P compound groups, and the combination with traditional fractionation techniques makes quantification possible.
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| 1538. |
- Ahlgren, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Sediment Phosphorus Extractants for Phosphorus-31 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Analysis : A Quantitative Evaluation
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Quality. - Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Analyt Chem, S-75124 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ So Denmark, Inst Biol, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark. Uppsala Univ, Dept Biochem & Organ Chem, S-75124 Uppsala, Sweden. Uppsala Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut, S-75123 Uppsala, Sweden. : Wiley. - 0047-2425 .- 1537-2537. ; 36:3, s. 892-898
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of pre-extractant, extractant, and post-extractant on total extracted amounts of P and organic P compound groups measured with 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR) in lacustrine sediment was examined. The main extractants investigated were sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium hydroxide ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (NaOH-EDTA) with bicarbonate buffered dithionite (BD) or EDTA as pre-extractants. Post extractions were conducted using either NaOH or NaOH-EDTA, depending on the main extractant. Results showed that the most efficient combination of extractants for total P yield was NaOH with EDTA as pre-extractant, yielding almost 50% more than the second best procedure. The P compound groups varying the most between the different extraction procedures were polyphosphates and pyrophosphates. NaOH with BD as pre-extractant was the most efficient combination for these compound groups.
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| 1539. |
- Ahlgren, Johan, 1960-
(författare)
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Studies on Prediction of Axillary Lymph Node Status in Invasive Breast Cancer
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among females in Sweden. Axillary lymph-node dissection is a standard procedure in the management of breast cancer, aiming at obtaining prognostic information for adjuvant therapy decisions. Axillary dissection entails considerable morbidity. The aims of this study were to establish more selective surgical approaches and to investigate angiogenesis, a potential predictor for lymph-node metastases and prognosis.Clinical nodal status, tumour size and S-phase were associated with nodal metastases in cohort of 1145 women. The proportion of nodal metastases was 13% in the subgroup with the lowest risk.In a study from two registries, 675 and 1035 breast cancers ≤10 mm diagnosed by screening mammography had nodal metastases in 6,5% and 7%, respectively. Clinically detected cancers had a risk of 16% and 14%, respectively.In a study on 415 women, a 5-node biopsy of the axilla had a sensitivity of 97,3% and a false negative rate of 2,7% in comparison with axillary dissection.Six sections from 21 breast cancers were analysed for microvessel density (MVD). The inter-section variation contributed more to the total variance than inter-tumour variation, 45,0% and 37,3%, respectively.In a cohort of 315 women, breast cancers with high MVD more frequently had p53 mutations (27,1%) compared with cases with low MVD (18,4%). This difference was not statistically significant (p=0,075). p53 mutations were associated with a worse outcome, whereas MVD was not.In conclusion, women with screening detected ≤10 mm breast cancers have a low risk of lymph node metastases and some may not need axillary dissection in the future. The 5-node biopsy could be an alternative to axillary dissection. MVD is associated with methodological weaknesses and routine use is not recommended.
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| 1540. |
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