| 11. |
- Bagampadde, Umaru, et al.
(författare)
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Classical and contemporary aspects of stripping in bituminous mixtures
- 2004
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Ingår i: International Journal on Road Materials and Pavement Design. - 1468-0629 .- 2164-7402. ; 5:1, s. 7-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stripping or removal of bitumen from an aggregate because of water penetrating into the interface causes many pavements to fail. Stripping has been existent since the advent of paving technology. It causes functional weakening of pavements leading to costly repairs. This state-of-the-art paper deals with important concepts of stripping as, bitumen chemistry and rheology, aggregate properties (chemical and mineralogical composition, surface texture, morphology, porosity, etc), traffic, water properties, construction practices (mixing, placement and in-service drainage) and nature of antistripping additives. Adhesion of bitumen onto aggregate is explained based on theories like mechanistic tenacity, molecular orientation, chemical reaction, and thermodynamic balance of interfacial forces. Stripping is elucidated using several mechanisms namely, displacement, detachment, spontaneous emulsification, bitumen film rupture, water pore pressure, hydraulic scouring, chemical disbanding, microbial activity, osmosis; and blistering and pitting. Attendant theories to the mechanisms are explained. Moisture sensitivity test methods emerged are described and discussed. The large number of tests that have evolved shows the importance of the phenomenon of stripping. Remedial measures which include use of antistripping additives, careful selection of hot mix component materials, good construction practice, and others have been proposed for use in practice.
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| 12. |
- Bjarnason, Ragnar, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein increases in serum after the start of growth hormone treatment in prepubertal children
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 89:10, s. 5156-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Both GH and IGF-I stimulate bone growth, but the molecular mechanisms mediating their effects on the growth plate are not fully understood. We measured gene expression by microarray analysis in primary cultured human chondrocytes treated with either GH or IGF-I. One of the genes found to be up-regulated by both GH and IGF-I was that encoding cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP). This protein is predominantly found in the extracellular matrix of cartilage. Mutations in the COMP gene have been associated with syndromes of short stature. To verify that COMP is regulated by GH in vivo, we measured COMP levels in serum in short children treated with GH. The study included 113 short prepubertal children (14 girls and 99 boys) with a mean (+/- sd) age of 8.84 +/- 2.76 yr, height sd score of -2.74 +/- 0.67, and IGF-I sd score of -1.21 +/- 1.07 at the start of GH administration. Serum levels of COMP were 1.58 +/- 0.28, 1.83 +/- 0.28 (P < 0.0001), 1.91 +/- 0.28 (P < 0.0001), 1.78 +/- 0.28 (P < 0.001), and 1.70 +/- 0.24 (P < 0.05) microg/ml at baseline and after 1 wk and 1, 3, and 12 months, respectively.In conclusion, we have demonstrated that COMP expression is up-regulated by both GH and IGF-I in primary cultured human chondrocytes. Furthermore, serum levels of COMP increase after the start of GH treatment in short children.
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| 13. |
- Björkman, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of the Ethernet capture effect on bandwidth measurements
- 2000
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Ingår i: NETWORKING 2000. - 0302-9743. ; 1815, s. 156-167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we present impacts of the Ethernet capture effect on bandwidth measurements. We show that the unfairness caused by the Ethernet capture effect can have a severe impact on the ability to estimate available bandwidth. We define two metrics, su
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| 14. |
- Bohlooly-Yeganeh, Mohammad, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced spontaneous locomotor activity in bovine GH transgenic mice involves peripheral mechanisms
- 2001
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Ingår i: Endocrinology. ; 142:10, s. 4560-4567
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clinical and experimental studies indicate a role for GH in mechanisms related to anhedonia/hedonia, psychic energy, and reward. Recently we showed that transgenic mice with general overexpression of bovine GH display increased spontaneous locomotor activity. In the present study, we investigated whether this behavioral change is owing to a direct action of GH in the central nervous system or to peripheral GH actions. A transgenic construct, containing the glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter directing specific expression of bovine GH to the central nervous system, was designed. The central nervous system-specific expression of bovine GH in the glial fibrillary acidic protein-bovine GH transgenic mice was confirmed, but no effect on spontaneous locomotor activity was observed. Serum bovine GH levels were increased in glial fibrillary acidic protein-bovine GH transgenic mice but clearly lower than in transgenic mice with general overexpression of bovine GH. In contrast to the transgenic mice with general overexpression of bovine GH, glial fibrillary acidic protein-bovine GH mice did not display any difference in serum IGF-I levels. The levels of free T(3) and the conversion of the free T(4) to free T(3) were only increased in transgenic mice with general overexpression of bovine GH, but serum corticosterone levels were similarly increased in both transgenic models. These results suggest that free T(3) and/or IGF-I, affecting dopamine and serotonin systems in the central nervous system, may mediate the enhanced locomotor activity observed in transgenic mice with general overexpression of bovine GH.
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| 15. |
- Hernández, Francisca, et al.
(författare)
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Xml for Libraries, Archives, and Museums : The Project Covax
- 2003
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Ingår i: Applied Artificial Intelligence. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0883-9514 .- 1087-6545. ; 17:8-9, s. 797-816
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of COVAX is to analyze and create the technical solutions required to provide access through the Internet to homogeneously-encoded document descriptions of archive, library, and museum collections based in the application of XML. This paper describes the development of the project, and the main achievements in building an information system of distributed XML databases containing document descriptions from libraries, archives, and museums emphasizing the conversion processes needed to transform legacy data to an XML environment.
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| 16. |
- Hillier, Ladeana W, et al.
(författare)
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Sequence and comparative analysis of the chicken genome provide unique perspectives on vertebrate evolution
- 2004
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Ingår i: Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 432:7018, s. 695-716
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present here a draft genome sequence of the red jungle fowl, Gallus gallus. Because the chicken is a modern descendant of the dinosaurs and the first non-mammalian amniote to have its genome sequenced, the draft sequence of its genome--composed of approximately one billion base pairs of sequence and an estimated 20,000-23,000 genes--provides a new perspective on vertebrate genome evolution, while also improving the annotation of mammalian genomes. For example, the evolutionary distance between chicken and human provides high specificity in detecting functional elements, both non-coding and coding. Notably, many conserved non-coding sequences are far from genes and cannot be assigned to defined functional classes. In coding regions the evolutionary dynamics of protein domains and orthologous groups illustrate processes that distinguish the lineages leading to birds and mammals. The distinctive properties of avian microchromosomes, together with the inferred patterns of conserved synteny, provide additional insights into vertebrate chromosome architecture.
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| 17. |
- Johnsson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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On the Analysis of Packet-Train Probing Schemes
- 2004
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- With a better understanding of how probe packets and cross-traffic packets interact with each other, more accurate measurement methods based on active probing can be developed. Several existing measurement methods rely on packet-train probing schemes. In this article, we study and describe the interactions between probe packets and cross-traffic packets. When one packet within a packet train is delayed, the dispersion (i.e. packet separation) of at least two (and possibly more) probe packets will change. Furthermore, the dispersions are not independent, which may bias calculations based on statistical operations. Many methods use dispersion averages, such as the mean, in the calculation of bandwidth estimates and predictions. We describe cross traffic effects on packet trains. The interaction results in mirror, chain and quantifi- cation patterns. Experiments have been performed in a testbed to explore these patterns. In histograms of delay variations for adjacent probe packets, these patterns are manifested as different identifiable signatures. Finally, we also discuss the effect of these patterns on the mean and median operations.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Przewoski, Barbara, et al.
(författare)
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Spin Exchange in Polarized Deuterium
- 2003
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Ingår i: Physical Review A: covering atomic, molecular, and optical physics and quantum information. - : American Physical Society. - 2469-9926 .- 2469-9934. ; 68:042705, s. 4-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have measured the vector and tensor polarization of an atomic deuterium targte as a function of the target density. Th epolarized deuterium was produced in an atomic beam source and injected into a storage cell. For this experiment, the atomic beam sou
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| 20. |
- Sjögren, Klara, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Disproportional skeletal growth and markedly decreased bone mineral content in growth hormone receptor -/- mice.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Biochemical and biophysical research communications. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-291X. ; 267:2, s. 603-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Growth hormone (GH) is important for skeletal growth as well as for a normal bone metabolism in adults. The skeletal growth and adult bone metabolism was studied in mice with an inactivated growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene. The lengths of femur, tibia, and crown-rump were, as expected, decreased in GHR-/- mice. Unexpectedly, GHR-/- mice displayed disproportional skeletal growth reflected by decreased femur/crown-rump and femur/tibia ratios. GHR-/- mice demonstrated decreased width of the growth plates in the long bones and disturbed ossification of the proximal tibial epiphysis. Furthermore, the area bone mineral density (BMD) as well as the bone mineral content (BMC)/body weight were markedly decreased in GHR-/- mice. The decrease in BMC in GHR-/- mice was not due to decreased trabecular volumetric BMD but to a decreased cross-sectional cortical bone area In conclusion, GHR-/- mice demonstrate disproportional skeletal growth and markedly decreased bone mineral content.
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