| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Sturm, Bob, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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The Ai Music Generation Challenge 2020: Double Jigs in the Style of O'Neill's ``1001''
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Creative Music Systems. - : University of Huddersfield Press. - 2399-7656. ; 5:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article describes and analyses the Ai Music Generation Challenge 2020,where seven participants competed to build artificial systems that generate the most plausible double jigs, as judged against the 365 published in The Dance Music of Ireland: O’Neill’s 1001 (1907).The outcomes of this challenge demonstrate howmusic generation systems can be meaningfully evaluated,and furthermore that the generation of plausible double jigshas yet to be ``solved''. The article ends by reflecting on the challenge and considers the coming 2021 challenge,focused on a form of Swedish traditional dance music.
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| 13. |
- Sturm, Bob, 1975-
(författare)
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The Ai music generation challenge 2021 : Summary and results
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 3rd Conference on AI Music Creativity, AIMC.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We discuss the design and results of The Ai Music Generation Challenge 2021 and compare it to the challenge of the previous year. While the 2020 challenge was focused on the Irish double jig, the 2021 challenge was focused on a particular kind of Swedish traditional dance music, called slängpolska. Six systems participated in the 2021 challenge, each generating a number of tunes evaluated by five judges, all professional musicians and experts in the music style. In the first phase, the judges reject all tunes that are plagiarised, or that have incorrect meter or rhythm. In the second phase, they score the remaining tunes along four qualities: dancability, structure coherence, formal coherence, and playability. The judges know all the tunes are computer generated, but do not know what tunes come from what systems, or what kinds of machine learning and data are involved. In the third stage, the judges award prizes to the top tunes. This resulted in five tunes garnering first and second prizes, four of which come from one particular system. We perform a statistical analysis of the scores from all judges, which allows a quantitative comparison of all factors in the challenge. Finally, we look to the 2022 challenge.
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| 14. |
- Sturm, Bob, 1975-
(författare)
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The Ai Music Generation Challenge 2022 : Summary and Results
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proc. AI Music Creativity Conference.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We discuss the design and results of The Ai Music Generation Challenge 2022 and compare it to the previous two challenges. While the 2020 challenge focused on generating Irish double jigs, and the 2021 challenge focused on generating Swedish slängpolskor, the 2022 challenge posed three sub-challenges in the context of Irish traditional music: generation of reels, judging tune submissions, and titling tunes. In total seven systems participated in the sub-challenges, along with benchmark systems. One tune was awarded first prize by the judges, and two tunes shared second prize. A submitted system for judging tunes clearly performed better than two benchmarks. Finally, human tune-titling outperformed the benchmark and submitted system, but gave rise to some interesting issues about tune titling.
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| 15. |
- Bob-Milliar, G. M., et al.
(författare)
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The social embeddedness of elections: Ghana's 2016 and 2020 campaigns
- 2023
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Ingår i: Commonwealth & Comparative Politics. - 1466-2043 .- 1743-9094.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Campaign rallies serve as arenas of political communication where candidates present their campaign messages face-to-face in order to gain votes. This article suggests that rallies are one of several forms of campaign visits along with official business stops, courtesy calls to local notables, and personal interactions with constituents. Drawing on an original dataset of campaign visits in Ghana's 2016 and 2020 elections, we find that a significant political learning process took place between the two races for candidates of the two major parties, as candidates diversified their strategies beyond the rally-intensive campaign. Candidates extended the communicative and representative elements of the traditional rally through socially embedded practices by relying on occupational groups like market associations and fisherfolk to mobilise voters. By explaining the meaning behind different forms of campaign visits, we conclude that campaign rallies and other visits are embedded in social realities that shape political mobilisation.
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| 16. |
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Posthumanism and the man question : Beyond anthropocentric masculinities
- 2022
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This book brings together the emerging insights of what posthumanism, new materialism and affect theory mean for 'the man question'. The contributors to this book interrogate the question of how 'Man' as a gendered being is entangled with nature, culture, materiality and corporeality, and they explore ways to unsettle men's sense of sovereignty to decentre anthropocentric masculinity. Men have to move from the centre of privilege which grants them supremacy before they can open themselves to the decentred, embodied, affective, vulnerable and relational self that is necessary to embrace the posthuman. This book explores the extent to which this is possible. The book will be of interest to academics, students and scholars across a range of disciplines who are engaging with the intersections of feminist studies with posthumanism and new materialism, especially as they relate to critical studies of men and masculinities. Chapters on fathering, pornography, ageing, affect, embodiment, entanglements with technology and nature and the implications of these issues for changing men and masculinities and the politics of critical masculinity studies' engagement with posthuman feminisms will interest students and academics across these diverse disciplines. © 2023 selection and editorial matter, Ulf Mellström and Bob Pease. All rights reserved.
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| 17. |
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58,105 Irish-style double jigs
- 2021
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Konstnärligt arbete (swepub:mat_score_t)abstract
- These 58,105 tunes come from a collection of 100,001 generated by the folk-rnn (v2) model trained on tens of thousands of transcriptions of Irish traditional dance music. This subset are tunes approved by an artificial critic according to how well they exemplify characteristics of the 365 double jigs in O’Neill’s “1001” (1907) – in reference to a few rough measures. Each tune is numbered in the order of its generation by folk-rnn (v2). Two values accompanying each tune denote its “distance” from the double jigs in O’Neill’s “1001”, and the greatest number of quavers of 24 matching the double jigs in O’Neill’s “1001”. More information about this critic and these tunes can be found in: B.L.T. Sturm, “An Artificial Critic of Irish Double Jigs”, in Proc. AI Music Creativity Conference, Graz, 2021.
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| 18. |
- Akram, Usman, 1984-
(författare)
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Closing nutrient cycles
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Adequate and balanced crop nutrition – with nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) – is vital for sustainable crop production. Inadequate and imbalanced crop nutrition contributes to the crop yield gaps – a difference in actual and potential crop yield. Yield gap is one of the many causes of insufficient food production, thus aggravating hunger and malnourishment across the globe. On the other hand, an oversupply of nutrients is highly unsustainable, in terms of both resource conservation and global environmental health. A decreasing excreta recycling in crop production is one of the many reasons for nutrient imbalances in agriculture. Previous studies show that increasing agricultural specialization leads to spatial separation of crop and animal production. Increasing distance between excreta production and crop needs is one of the leading factors that cause reduced excreta recycling. Studies focusing on excreta recycling show that a substantial barrier to a more efficient excreta nutrient reuse is the expensive transportation of bulky volumes of excreta over long distances. In order to overcome that barrier, more detailed spatial estimates of distances between excreta production and crop nutrient needs, and the associated costs for complete excreta transport in an entire country are needed. Hence, the overall aim of this thesis was to quantify the amount of nutrients in the excreta resources compared to the crop nutrient needs at multiple scales (global, national, subnational, and local), and to analyze the need for excreta transports, total distances and costs, to meet the crop nutrient needs in a country.On the global scale, annual (2000-2016) excreta supply (livestock and human) could provide at least 48% of N, 57% of P, and 81% of K crop needs. Although excreta supply was not enough to cover the annual crop nutrient needs at the global scale, at least 29 countries for N, 41 for P, and 71 for K had an excreta nutrient surplus. When including the annual use of synthetic fertilizers, at least 42 additional countries had a N surplus, with the equivalent figures for P being 17 countries, whereas 8 additional countries attained a K surplus. At the same time, when accounting for the use of synthetic fertilizers, each year, at least 57 countries had an N deficit, 70 a P deficit, and 51 countries a K deficit, in total equivalent to 14% of global N and 16% of each P and K crop needs. The total surplus in other countries during the period was always higher than the deficit in the countries with net nutrient deficits, except for P for some years. Unfortunately, both the deficits of the deficit countries and surpluses of the surplus countries were increasing substantially during the 17 years. Such global divergence in nutrient deficits and surpluses have clear implications for global food security and environmental health.A district-scale investigation of Pakistan showed that the country had a national deficit of 0.62 million tons of P and 0.59 million tons of K, but an oversupply of N. The spatial separation was not significant at this resolution; only 6% of the excreta N supply needed to be transported between districts. Recycling all excreta, within and between districts, could cut the use of synthetic N to 43% of its current use and eliminate the need for synthetic K, but there would be an additional need of 0.28 million tons of synthetic P to meet the crop nutrient needs in the entire country. The need for synthetic fertilizers to supplement the recycled excreta nutrients would cost USD 2.77 billion. However, it might not be prohibitively expensive to correct for P deficiencies because of the savings on the costs of synthetic N, and K. Excreta recycling could promote balanced crop nutrition at the national scale in Pakistan, which in turn could eliminate the nutrient-related crop yield gaps in the country.The municipal-scale investigation using Swedish data showed that the country had a national oversupply of 110,000 tons of N, 6,000 tons of P, and 76,000 tons of K. Excreta could provide up to 75% of N and 81% of P, and more than 100% of the K crop needs in the country. The spatial separation was pronounced at the municipal scale in the country. Just 40% of the municipalities produced over 50% of the excreta N and P. Nutrient balance calculations showed that excreta recycling within municipalities could provide 63% of the P crop needs. Another 18% of the P crop needs must be transported from surplus municipalities to deficit municipalities. Nationally, an optimized reallocation of surplus excreta P towards the P deficit municipalities would cost USD 192 million for a total of 24,079 km truck transports. The cost was 3.7 times more than the total NPK fertilizer value transported, and that met the crop nutrient needs. It was concluded that Sweden could potentially reduce its dependence on synthetic fertilizers, but to cover the costs of an improved excreta reuse would require valuing the additional benefits of recycling.An investigation was also done to understand the effect of the input data resolution on the results (transport needs and distances) from a model to optimize excreta redistribution. The results showed that the need for excreta transports, distances, and spatial patterns of the excreta transports changed. Increasing resolution of the spatial data, from political boundaries in Sweden and Pakistan to 0.083 decimal grids (approximately 10 km by 10 km at the equator), showed that transport needs for excreta-N increased by 12% in Pakistan, and the transport needs for excreta-P increased by 14% in Sweden. The effect of the increased resolution on transport analysis showed inconsistency in terms of the excreta total nutrient transportation distance; the average distance decreased by 67% (to 44 km) in Pakistan but increased by 1 km in Sweden. A further increase in the data resolution to 5 km by 5 km grids for Sweden showed that the average transportation distance decreased by 9 km. In both countries, increasing input data resolution resulted in a more favorable cost to fertilizer value ratios. In Pakistan, the cost of transport was only 13% of the NPK fertilizer value transported at a higher resolution. In Sweden, the costs decreased from 3.7 (at the political resolution) to slightly higher than three times of the fertilizer value transported in excreta at the higher data resolution.This Ph.D. thesis shows that we could potentially reduce the total use of synthetic fertilizers in the world and still reduce the yield gaps if we can create a more efficient recycling of nutrients both within and between countries, and a more demand adapted use of synthetic fertilizers.
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| 19. |
- Amerotti, Marco, et al.
(författare)
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A Live Performance Rule System Informed by Irish Traditional Dance Music
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proc. International Symposium on Computer Music Multidisciplinary Research.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes ongoing work in programming a live performance system for interpreting melodies in ways that mimic Irish traditional dance music practice, and thatallows plug and play human interaction. Existing performance systemsare almost exclusively aimed at piano performance and classical music, and noneare aimed specifically at traditional music.We develop a rule-based approach using expert knowledgethat converts a melody into control parametersto synthesize an expressive MIDI performance,focusing on ornamentation, dynamics and subtle time deviation.Furthermore, we make the system controllable (e.g., via knobs or expression pedals) such that it can be controlled in real time by a musician.Our preliminary evaluations show the systemcan render expressive performances mimicking traditional practice, and allows for engaging withIrish traditional dance music in new ways. We provide several examples online.
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| 20. |
- Amerotti, Marco, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of an Interactive Music Performance System in the Context of Irish Traditional Dance Music
- 2024
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Ingår i: Proceedings New Interfaces for Musical Expression NIME’24.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a preliminary evaluation of an interactive, real-time, and co-creative performance system for Irish Traditional Dance music. We focus on how this musical partnership is experienced by a human musician performing withit in four aspects: enjoyability, musicality, humanness and responsiveness. Our preliminary study with seven traditional musicians reveals that they find playing with the system to be enjoyable, and appreciated its musicality; but they scored its humanness and responsiveness less highly. These findings suggest that such real-time performance systems might bring an enjoyable “otherness” to musical performance, even for traditional forms of music. Finally, we discuss experimental considerations for a future study involving more participants.
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