| 11. |
- Arbin, Katarina, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Covisint in Europe : Analysing the B2B auto e-marketplace
- 2005
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Ingår i: International Journal of Automotive Technology and Management. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1470-9511 .- 1741-5012. ; 5:1, s. 31-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electronic marketplaces are a popular phenomenon, both for academics and for practitioners. One of the most discussed e-marketplace is Covisint, the 'big' e-marketplace of the automotive industry. This paper analyses Covisint via transaction cost economics, the tool of choice when analysing e-marketplaces in academia. The empirical material consists of interviews with operatives and managers from customers and owners of Covisint, suppliers, potential customers that have chosen not to join Covisint, and Covisint themselves. The results indicate that Covisint has several problems: lack of incentives for suppliers to join the initiative, lack of participating organisations on the supplier side and an overall lack of ability to balance interests and objectives of the actors involved.
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| 12. |
- Kazmierczak, Karolina, et al.
(författare)
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An integrated analysis of ergonomics and time consumption in Swedish 'craft-type' car disassembly.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Applied Ergonomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-6870 .- 1872-9126. ; 36:3, s. 263-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Car disassembly is at the edge of extensive rationalisations due to increased legislative demands for recycling. This study focused on (1) assessing current mechanical exposures (physical work loads) for comparison with future rationalised systems, with particular emphasis on time aspects, (2) analysing disassembly work in terms of time consumption and exposures in constituent tasks as defined by a loss analysis technique, and (3) predicting the consequences of car disassembly rationalisation for mechanical exposures. The study showed that disassembly implied pronounced circulatory loads, and that more walking and higher lumbar peak loads were found than in studies of assembly work. Value-adding tasks comprised 30% of the total working time, and implied higher postural exposures for the head, arm, trunk and wrist, as well as less opportunities to recover, as compared to non-value-adding tasks. Organisational-type rationalisations can be expected to increase the time spent in value-adding work, thus increasing local exposures for the average worker, while a concurrent increase in mechanisation level might reduce circulatory exposures, the amount of walking, and peak lumbar loads.
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| 13. |
- Bergfors, M, et al.
(författare)
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Short-term effects of repetitive arm work and dynamic exercise on glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6772 .- 1365-201X. ; 183:4, s. 345-356
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To detennine whether repetitive ann work, with a large component of static muscle contraction alters glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Methad: Euglycemic clamps (2h) were started in ten healthy individuals 15 minutes after 37 minute periods of: 1) repetitive ann work in a simulated occupational setting; 2) dynamic concentric exercise on a cycle ergometer at 60% OfVO2 max and 3) a resting regime as a control. During the experimental periods, blood samples were collected, blood pressure was measured repeatedly and electrocardiogram (ECG) wasrecorded continuously. During the clamps, euglycemia was maintained at 5 mmo1/l and insulin was infused at 56 mU/m2/min for 120 min. Results: The insulin-mediated glucose disposal rate (M-value) for the steady state period (60- 120 min) of the clamp, tended to be lower following ann work than for both cycling and resting regimes. When dividing the steady state period into 20-minute intervals, the insulin sensitivity index, (ISI) was significantly lower for ann work compared with the resting control situation between 60-80 minutes (p=0.04) and 80-100 minutes (p=0.01) respectively. Catecholamines increased significantly for ann work and cycling compared with resting regime. .Data from heart rate variability (HRV) me asurements indicated significant sympathetic activation during repetitive ann work test. Canelusian: The results indicate that repetitive ann work might acutely promote insulin resistance, whereas no such effect on insulin resistance was produced by dynamic concentric exercise.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Joelsson, Torbjörn, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Phase stability tuning in the NbxZr1-xN thin-film system for large stacking fault density and enhanced mechanical strength
- 2005
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 86:13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The phase stability of hexagonal WC-structure and cubic NaCl-structure 4d transition metal nitrides was calculated using first-principles density functional theory. It is predicted that there is a multiphase or polytypic region for the 4d transition metal nitrides with a valence electron concentration around 9.5 to 9.7 per formula unit. For verification, epitaxial NbxZr1-xN (0 <= x <= 1) was grown by reactive magnetron sputter deposition on MgO(001) substrates and analyzed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction. The defects observed in the films were threading dislocations due to nucleation and growth on the lattice-mismatched substrate and planar defects (stacking faults) parallel to the substrate surface. The highest defect density was found at the x=0.5 composition. The nanoindentation hardness of the films varied between 21 GPa for the binary nitrides, and 26 GPa for Nb0.5Zr0.5N. Unlike the cubic binary nitrides, no slip on the preferred [1 (1) over bar0]{110} slip system was observed. The increase in hardness is attributed to the increase in defect density at x=0.5, as the defects act as obstacles for dislocation glide during deformation. The findings present routes for the design of wear-resistant nitride coatings by phase stability tuning.
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| 17. |
- Johansson, Asa, et al.
(författare)
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Linkage disequilibrium between microsatellite markers in the Swedish Sami relative to a worldwide selection of populations
- 2005
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Ingår i: Human Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-6717 .- 1432-1203. ; 116:1-2, s. 105-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pattern of linkage disequilibriurn (LD) is affected by a number of factors, including population dernography. High LD is seen in populations with a relatively limited and constant size, presurnably due to genetic drift. We have examined the extent of LD arnong over 300 genome-wide pattern microsatellite loci in 29 populations from around the world. The pattern of LD vari ed between populations, with larger extent of LO in populations with limited size relative to larger populations. In addition, the LD between 88 less spaced microsatellite ffiarkers from 10 different genornic regions were examined in the Sami compared to the general Swedish population. For the se ffiarkers increased LD extending up to 5 Mb was detected in the Sami. The arnount of LD also differed between the chrornosornal regions. The arnount of LD in the Sami makes this population suited for mapping ofcornplex genetic traits
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| 18. |
- Jägerbrand, Annika K, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of simulated shade on growth, number of branches and biomass in Hylocomium splendens and Racomitrium lanuginosum
- 2005
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Ingår i: Lindbergia. - 0105-0761 .- 2001-5909. ; 30:3, s. 117-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of simulated shade in terms of reduced light quantity (PPFD) and changed red:far-red ratio (R:FR ratio) on the growth in length, in number of branches and in biomass, were examined in a greenhouse experiment with Hylocomium splendens and Racomitrium lanuginosum, two species from habitats with different light conditions (with H. splendens often in more shaded microsites). Using ten intact moss turfs per species which had been collected on Iceland at 4 m distance between replicate turfs, we tested, whether light quantity affected growth and biomass, whether changes in light quantity and red:far-red ratio affected the number of branches, and whether the two species differed in these responses. Reduced light quantity (i.e. PPFD level) caused a greater length increase, decreased biomass, and biomass:length ratio in both species, but the magnitude of response varied greatly between species. Furthermore, in R. lanuginosum spectral shade (i.e. reduced PPFD and a lower R:FR ratio) generally caused stronger responses than neutral shade, with only a reduction in PPFD. H. splendens (from the shaded habitat) responded less strongly to the shade treatments than R. lanuginosum (from the open habitat) did. In addition to these effects of shading, there were strong effects of the turf of origin in both species, and in many cases the interaction between turf of origin and shading treatment was significant as well. Copyright © Lindbergia 2006.
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| 19. |
- Jägerbrand, Annika K, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Phenotypic variation at different spatial scales in relation to environment in two circumpolar bryophyte species
- 2005
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Ingår i: Lindbergia. - : ABE-IPS. - 0105-0761 .- 2001-5909. ; 30:3, s. 125-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Morphology, physiology and biomass in two widespread bryophyte species, Hylocomium splendens and Racomitrium lanuginosum, were studied to examine the extent to which different species exhibit similar phenotypic variation patterns within and across regions. Analyses of nine morphological variables, chlorophyll content, nitrogen content, C/N ratio and biomass were conducted in samples from five sites in two geographically separated and climatically different regions, Iceland and northern Sweden. Both species exhibited large between-site variation in morphology, physiology and biomass, but within-site variation in morphology was substantially higher in Hylocomium splendens than Racomitrium lanuginosum. Morphological patterns were partly similar, partly different between the species, indicating that the two species respond morphologically to external factors on different scales. The lowest concentrations of chlorophyll and nitrogen were found at the same sites for both species, while the site of highest concentration was not the same. In Hylocomium splendens, chlorophyll content was positively correlated with biomass. Many of the observed relationships between morphological, physiological variables and biomass were species-specific. Our results demonstrate that the two bryophytes exhibit different phenotypic responses to environmental variation. Copyright © Lindbergia 2006.
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| 20. |
- Kristiansen, Lisbeth, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of nurses' opinion of client behaviour and level of social functioning on the amount of time they spend with clients
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. - : Wiley. - 1351-0126 .- 1365-2850. ; 12:6, s. 719-727
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The impact of nurses' opinion of client behaviour and level of social functioning on the amount of time they spend with clients For people afflicted with different kinds of psychiatric disorder, suffering is a common denominator. The time the nurses spend with psychiatric clients may mirror their attitudes towards and feelings for these clients. The aim of this study was to investigate the connections between the time spent together and the nurses' opinion of client behaviour and social functioning in community-based psychiatry. In this quantitative study, 29 clients were assessed by 30 nurses, who answered the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF) and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). At the same time, 11,200 non-participant observations of clients were registered using the Patient Activity Classification (PAC) to investigate how they spent their time at two psychiatric group dwellings. The PAC instrument revealed that clients spent an average of 60.8% of time alone, while only 20% of their daily time was spent with the nurses. Based on a factor analysis, indices were made by setting cut-off points for the PANSS and the GAF scores, and four small groups of clients were generated: a relatively high level of social functioning and a low degree of psychiatric symptoms (A); a relatively high level of social functioning and a high degree of psychiatric symptoms (B); a low level of social functioning and a low degree of psychiatric symptoms (C); and, finally, a low level of social functioning and a high degree of psychiatric symptoms (D). The clients judged as having a low level of social functioning in combination with high degrees of psychiatric symptoms, that is, the most vulnerable and dependent individuals, receive less staff attention (18%) and are the clients who spend the most time alone (71.4%). It might be possible to interpret the results of this study in the light of a process of dehumanization.
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