| 11. |
- Swenne, Christine Leo, et al.
(författare)
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Patients' experiences of mediastinitis after coronary artery bypass graft procedure
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1401-7431 .- 1651-2006. ; 41:4, s. 255-264
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Few studies have focussed on patients' experiences of and suffering due to mediastinitis following Coronary Artery by-pass Graft (CABG). Mediastinitis creates a complex and invasive experience for the patient with prolonged hospitalisation, and would be expected to be a significant stressor. The aim of the present study was to capture patients' experiences of the medical and nursing care they received for mediastinitis following CABG. Content analysis revealed three themes with regard to how the patients coped with the stress and threats of mediastinitis and its treatment and how they thought it would influence their future life. A first theme centred on physical and psychological discomfort and impact on autonomy. The staff's medical knowledge and the quality of nursing care as well as the patients' understanding of the situation influenced their experience. A second theme was how patients dealt with perceived danger and stress. Coping strategies such as problem solving, information seeking, dissociation, distraction, minimisation and expression of emotion were used to handle the situations. The third theme comprised the patients' belief that the mediastinitis would not affect the outcome of the CABG procedure, even though their confidence in this was influenced by uncertainty about the rehabilitation process.
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| 12. |
- Sydsjö, Gunilla, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Nurses promote openness regarding the genetic origins after gamete donation
- 2007
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 96:10, s. 1500-1504
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To study attitudes and knowledge concerning different aspects of sperm and oocyte donation among paediatric nurses at child health care centres (CHCs) in Sweden. METHOD: A study-specific questionnaire, to be completed anonymously, was sent to 188 nurses, 141 of whom (75%) responded. RESULTS: The majority of the respondents (62%) stated that they had no professional experience of families created with the help of a donor. A majority (53%) stated that they had good knowledge of the procedure followed in sperm donation, whereas 43% stated that they had good knowledge of the procedure of oocyte donation. More than 80% agreed that the parents should be honest with their child with regard to the child's genetic origin. Among the respondents who were in favour of disclosure, the preferred age for informing the child varied between 0 to 19 years (mean 7.2, SD 5.7). CONCLUSION: We conclude that the nurses working in CHCs need guidance and information about gamete donation in order to be able to support parents in the disclosure of information to their children and also how to inform or withhold information to significant others in their surrounding milieu.
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| 13. |
- Tang, Ping Fen, et al.
(författare)
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Chinese nurses´ethical concerns in a neurological ward
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nursing Ethics. - : SAGE Publications. - 0969-7330 .- 1477-0989. ; 14:6, s. 810-824
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our aim was to describe Chinese nurses' experiences of workplace distress and ethical dilemmas on a neurological ward. Qualitative interviews were performed with 20 nurses. On using latent content analysis, themes emerged in four content areas: ethical dilemmas, workplace distress, quality of nursing and managing distress. The ethical dilemmas were: (1) conflicting views on optimal treatment and nursing; (2) treatment choice meeting with financial constraints; and (3) misalignment of nursing responsibilities, competence and available resources. The patients' relatives lacked respect for the nurses' skills. Other dilemmas could be traced to the transition from a planned to a market economy, resulting in an excessive workload and treatment withdrawal for financial reasons. Lack of resources was perceived as an obstacle to proper patient care in addition to hospital organization, decreasing the quality of nursing, and increasing moral and workplace distress. The nurses managed mainly by striving for competence, which gave them hope for the future.
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| 14. |
- Tham, Pia
(författare)
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Why are they leaving? : Factors Affecting Intention to Leave among Social Workers in Child Welfare
- 2007
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Ingår i: British Journal of Social Work. - : Oxford University Press. - 0045-3102 .- 1468-263X. ; 37:7, s. 1225-1246
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article addresses a topic that has not previously been researched in Sweden, i.e. factors associated with the intention of social workers to leave their place of work. A comprehensive questionnaire was distributed to 309 social workers in child welfare in the County of Stockholm (drop-out rate: 3 per cent). The study comprised a total of forty-two workgroups. All the social workers handling referrals and investigating the situation of children and youth in these areas were included. One of the most striking results was that although 54 per cent of the social workers had been at their current workplace for two years or less, 48 per cent intended to leave their jobs. A logistic regression analysis showed that the variable of greatest importance for the intention to leave the workplace was lack of human resource orientation within the organization, i.e. the extent to which personnel are rewarded for a job well done, feel well taken care of and where management is interested in their health and well-being. A final conclusion of this study is that when measuring the impact of different aspects of work tasks compared with some aspects of organizational culture, it becomes clear that the latter seem to be most important in this respect.
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| 15. |
- Björck, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Negative self-image and outcome in eating disorders : results at 3-year follow-up.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Eating Behaviors. - : Elsevier BV. - 1471-0153 .- 1873-7358. ; 8:3, s. 398-406
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Negative self-image has been hypothesised to be of aetiological significance in eating disorders; however, its relationship to outcome remains unclear. The present study examined the relationship between self-image and follow-up status in a heterogeneous sample of eating disorder patients (N=246). METHODS: Patients were assessed at intake and after 36 months. Self-image was measured using SASB, and a general outcome measure was calculated comprising eating disorder symptoms, occupational status, interpersonal relationships and general psychopathology. RESULTS: SASB self-hate was the most important variable for predicting poor outcome, followed by occupational status, interpersonal relationships, eating disorder symptoms, SASB self-emancipation and general psychiatric symptoms. Together these variables predicted 23% of the variance in outcome. DISCUSSION: High levels of self-hate may increase the risk of poor outcome in eating disorders by adversely affecting interpersonal relationships and making it difficult for patients to engage in treatment.
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| 16. |
- Flykt, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Skin Conductance Responses to Masked Conditioned stimuli : Phylogenetic/Ontogenetic Factors versus direction of threat?
- 2007
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Ingår i: Biological Psychology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-0511 .- 1873-6246. ; 74:3, s. 328-336
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evolutionarily old threat stimuli are likely to require less conscious information processing than threat stimuli of a more recent date. To test this proposal two differential conditioning experiments, with biological threat stimuli (e.g. snakes) in half the groups and cultural threat stimuli (e.g. guns) in the other half, were conducted. The conditioned (CS+) and the control (CS−) stimuli were backward masked during the extinction phase to prevent conscious recognition. The differential skin conductance responding for both biological and cultural threat stimuli survived the masking procedure when the conditioned stimuli were directed towards the participants (Experiment 1), but for neither type of CS when stimuli were not directed towards the participants (Experiment 2). These findings are discussed in relation to the previous finding by Öhman and co-workers and in relation to imminence of threat.
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| 17. |
- Huang, Zhen, et al.
(författare)
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Vasoactive drugs enhance pancreatic islet blood flow, augment insulin secretion and improve glucose tolerance in female rats
- 2007
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Ingår i: Clinical Science. - : Portland Press. - 0143-5221 .- 1470-8736. ; 112:1-2, s. 69-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pravastatin, irbesartan and captopril are frequently used in the treatment of patients with Type 2 diabetes. These drugs also exert beneficial metabolic effects, causing an improved glucose tolerance in patients, but the precise mechanisms by which this is achieved remain elusive. To this end, we have studied whether these drugs influence insulin secretion in vivo through effects on islet blood perfusion. Captopril (3 mg/kg of body weight), irbesartan (3 mg/kg of body weight) and pravastatin (0.5 mg/kg of body weight) were injected intravenously into anaesthetized female Wistar rats. Blood flow rates were determined by a microsphere technique. Blood glucose concentrations were measured with test reagent strips and serum insulin concentrations were measured by ELISA. Pancreatic blood flow was markedly increased by pravastatin (P<0.001), captopril (P < 0.05) and irbesartan (P<0.01). Pancreatic islet blood flow was significantly and preferentially enhanced after the administration of captopril (P<0.01), irbesartan (P<0.01) and pravastatin (P<0.001). Kidney blood flow was enhanced significantly by pravastatin (P < 0.01), irbesartan (P < 0.05) and captopril (P < 0.01). Captopril and pravastatin also enhanced late-phase insulin secretion and positively influenced glycaemia in intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests. In conclusion, the present study suggests that a local pancreatic renin-angiotensin system and pravastatin treatment may be selectively controlling pancreatic islet blood flow, augmenting insulin secretion and thereby improving glucose tolerance. Our findings indicate significant gender-related differences in the vascular response to these agents. Since statins and renin-angiotensin system inhibitors are frequently used by diabetic patients, the antidiabetic actions of these drugs reported previously might occur, in part, through the beneficial direct islet effects shown in the present study.
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| 18. |
- Häggström, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Relatives' struggle for an improved and more just care for older people in community care
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 16:9, s. 1749-1757
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims and objectives. The aim of the present study was to describe the relatives' experience concerning older family members living in special housing facilities. Background. During the 21st century, the relatives of older people and their efforts related to the care and nursing of older people have been observed. The interest in these relatives is because of factors such as demographic changes, where the number of older people has increased and the increasing gap between the resources that are available for geriatric care and the care needed for older people. Design. The present study has a descriptive design and is part of a project including 24 specific residences, called special housing facilities. Method. The study focused on the narratives supplied by the relatives that were analysed using qualitative latent content analysis, an interpretative process where the researcher considers the content of the text. Results. The relatives' experience of having an older person in a special housing facility that emerged from the study, was expressed in one main theme: The relatives' struggle for an improved and just care for older people and four sub-themes: (i)'To trust in caregivers'; (ii) 'To be confirmed'; (iii) 'To trust in care'; (iv) 'To receive the kind of care that one considers one has the right to receive'. Conclusions. The study shows that the relatives need more support and more opportunities, so that they can participate in the care. The study shows the relatives engagement in working for a just society's obligation towards the protection of older peoples rights and the staff's working conditions. Relevance to clinical practice. It is important that caregivers and management working with older people realize that they, together with them and their relatives, are a part of society and that all individuals are influenced by the discourse of that society.
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| 19. |
- Kristofferzon, Marja-Leena, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
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Striving for balance in daily life: experiences of Swedish women and men shortly after myocardial infarction
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 16:2, s. 391-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The aim is to describe experiences of daily life of women and men during the first four to six months after a myocardial infarction. The focus is on problems, managing problems and support from their network.Background: A cardiac event is traumatic and may influence well-being during a significant period of time. Few qualitative studies have investigated experiences of both women and men after a myocardial infarction and remarkably little research has been conducted on men’s experiences.Design: The study design was descriptive, retrospective and qualitative.Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 women and 19 men from January 2000 to November 2001. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.Results: Three themes were generated from the analysis; ‘Threatening ordinary life’, ‘Struggling for control’ and ‘The ambiguous network’. Physical symptoms and emotional distress were the most commonly described problems during the first months after a myocardial infarction. The informants manage the problems by negotiating with themselves, relying on their own capabilities, changing attitudes and behaviours and taking their own decisions and actions. The network was generally supportive but rather often the informants also experienced communication problems when they interacted with their network.Conclusions: Women and men strive for balance between problems and resources in daily life after a myocardial infarction. How well they succeeded depends on how secure they feel how well they communicate their needs to their network and how sensitive their network is to their spoken and unspoken needs.Relevance to clinical practice: The findings provide an insight into what kind of problems women and men may experience after myocardial infarction and how caregivers can aid them to increase security in their daily life. Some risk characteristics that may have increased their problems in daily life are suggested, for women and men respectively.
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| 20. |
- Löf, C.M., et al.
(författare)
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Risk factors for lower health-related QoL after allogeneic stem cell transplantation in children
- 2007
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Ingår i: Pediatric Transplantation. - : Wiley. - 1397-3142 .- 1399-3046. ; 11:2, s. 145-151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To explore risk factors affecting HrQoL, we analyzed data from patients (n = 51) at least three yr beyond SCT and their parents (n = 41), who responded to the SCHQ, to a subjective symptom inventory and to a sense of coherence instrument, in parallel with a physician-rated scoring of late effects. Children with leukemia rated a lower HrQoL than children with non-malignant disease only in subscale RE, limitations in role socially because of the emotional difficulties (p < 0.05) but had more severe late effects (p < 0.05). Parents of children with leukemia rated their children's HrQoL overall lower in both the psychosocial area and physical area (p < 0.01) and the child's condition also had a greater impact on parents' emotional situation (p < 0.05), compared with parents of children with non-malignant diagnosis. The psychosocial HrQoL was more affected in recipients of an unrelated than of a sibling graft, according to both child (p < 0.01) and parent (p < 0.05). In the multiple regression analysis, however, late effects remained the only independent factor, contributing to low parental psychosocial (p < 0.05) and physical (p < 0.001) HrQoL ratings, while leukemia, unrelated donor and TBI did not. To conclude, parent-reported HrQoL was lower in SCT patients with leukemia, mainly due to a higher impact of late effects in this group.
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