11.
12.
Folkhälsa som tvärvetenskap : möten mellan ämnen
2009
Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt) abstract
Folkhälsovetenskap är ett förhållandevis ungt ämne. Det har vuxit fram i samklang med en rad andra discipliner och behandlar olika aspekter av betydelse för befolkningens hälsa. Från att ha varit nästan obefintlig har folkhälsovetenskapen under några få decennier utvecklats till vad den är idag.Den här boken visar vilka relationer som finns mellan folkhälsovetenskap och andra ämnen. Med folkhälsovetenskap som bas görs i bokens olika kapitel kopplingar till biomedicin, vård- och omvårdnadsvetenskap, sociologi, statistik, epidemiologi, politik, psykologi, pedagogik, kultur, arbetsvetenskap, arbets- och miljömedicin, ekonomi och etik. Även en del definitioner tas upp, liksom en redovisning av folkhälsovetenskapens utveckling och möjliga framtid.Boken är skriven av specialister inom de respektive ämnena, som dessutom har bred kunskap inom folkhälsovetenskap. Till boken finns en webbplats med länkar och kompletteringar.Folkhälsa som tvärvetenskap är främst avsedd som en fördjupning i folkhälsovetenskap för dem som redan tillägnat sig grunderna. Den kan användas såväl i rent folkhälsovetenskapliga utbildningar som i andra utbildningar där hälsan är av betydelse. Blivande och färdiga folkhälsovetare, folkhälsopedagoger, sjuksköterskor, läkare, sjukgymnaster, arbetsterapeuter, lärare, samhällsvetare m.fl. bör i boken finna stimulans och kunskap som kan omsättas i praktiskt arbete för folkhälsan.
13.
14.
Geidne, Susanna, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
How do minors succeed in buying beer in Sweden?
2008
Ingår i: Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. - : Sage Publications. - 1455-0725 .- 1458-6126. ; 25:2, s. 115-127
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Aims: This study examines the compliance with the law against selling beer to under-aged persons in Sweden. It also analyses determinants of compliance and the importance of checking IDs. The paper also aims to reveal the strategies used by youths when purchasing beer.Methods & Data: The study is the result of a close collaboration between the Swedish Youth Temperance Movement (UNF) and researchers at Örebro University. UNF has been responsible for the purchase attempts, and the research team for the analyses. The data consists of 681 purchase attempts in seven cities in Sweden during 2003-2004.Results: Almost half of the purchase attempts made by under-aged persons (14-17 years old) resulted in successfully buying beer. The study reveals that the genders of the check-out clerk and the buyer are significant with regard to both selling/buying beer and asking for ID. The proportion of sales was significantly higher among girls than boys, both in total and when they were asked for ID first.Conclusions: The study shows that under-aged teenagers succeed in purchasing beer in Sweden despite the present legislation. Some succeed because of the tricks they use, and some because of the check-out clerk’s negligence. The procedure used in the present study – letting under-aged persons attempt to purchase beer – resembles the situation for ordinary teenagers trying to buy beer under normal circumstances.
15.
Geidne, Susanna, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
Working with or against the stores? : A non-governmental organization working with alcohol purchase attempts
2009
Ingår i: Health Education. - Southampton : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0965-4283 .- 1758-714X. ; 109:3, s. 259-278
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyse the implementation by a non-governmental organization (NGO) of an intervention with two different strategies – one employing confrontational approaches, the other cooperative ones – aiming to reduce the rate of successful purchase attempts (PAs) of medium-strength beer in Sweden.Design/methodology/approach – The Swedish Youth Temperance Movement (UNF) has been responsible for the development and implementation of the intervention, and a research team at Örebro University for the evaluation. The outcome analysis is based on 1,475 PA from 25 Swedish cities during 2003-2006. Annual reports, discussions and telephone interviews have been used to understand the intervention process.Findings – In 40 per cent of all registered PAs, beer is sold to minors. In the eight cities using a structured strategy, there is a significant decrease from 2003 to 2006 (44-27 per cent; p<0.001). The confrontation method, compared to no model, is more than four times (OR?=?3.8; CI 2.0-7.0) more likely to yield a positive result. Compared to the cooperation method, it is even more likely to yield a positive result (OR?=?4.7; CI 2.1-10.7).Practical implications – Working with a structured strategy gives significantly better results than working without one. The confrontation method is more successful than the cooperation method. Developing a preventive strategy takes time, cooperation perhaps requiring even more time to succeed than confrontation. The result reveals the importance of building local networks in the municipalities.Originality/value – The advocacy for Swedish alcohol policy by the young members of UNF and participatory research is a unique combination. Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyse the implementation by a non-governmental organization (NGO) of an intervention with two different strategies – one employing confrontational approaches, the other cooperative ones – aiming to reduce the rate of successful purchase attempts (PAs) of medium-strength beer in Sweden. Design/methodology/approach – The Swedish Youth Temperance Movement (UNF) has been responsible for the development and implementation of the intervention, and a research team at Örebro University for the evaluation. The outcome analysis is based on 1,475 PA from 25 Swedish cities during 2003-2006. Annual reports, discussions and telephone interviews have been used to understand the intervention process. Findings – In 40 per cent of all registered PAs, beer is sold to minors. In the eight cities using a structured strategy, there is a significant decrease from 2003 to 2006 (44-27 per cent; p =0.001).The confrontation method, compared to no model, is more than four times (OR= 3.8; CI 2.0-7.0) more likely to yield a positive result. Compared to the cooperation method, it is even more likely to yield a positive result (OR =4.7; CI 2.1-10.7). Practical implications – Working with a structured strategy gives significantly better results thanworking without one. The confrontation method is more successful than the cooperation method.- Developing a preventive strategy takes time, cooperation perhaps requiring even more time to succeed than confrontation. The result reveals the importance of building local networks in the municipalities. Originality/value – The advocacy for Swedish alcohol policy by the young members of UNF and participatory research is a unique combination.
16.
Larsson, Madelene, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
Rapport om Verdandi Stockholmskretsens förebyggande ungdomsverksamhet och projektet Bli trygg i Tensta-Rinkeby Möt oss!
2008
Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.) abstract
Föreliggande rapport baserar sig på fokusgruppsintervjuer med blivande/erfarna ungdomsledare samt medlemmar över 13 år, inom Verdandi Stockholmskretsens ungdomsverksamhet. Dels skedde medverkan på en metodutbildning under en helg och dels med deltagande i verksamheten i Spånga-Tensta med individuella intervjuer. Det huvudsakliga syftet med utvärderingen har varit att ta reda på vilka faktorer som gör Verdandis ungdomsverksamhet så framgångsrik och följande frågeställningar besvaras i denna rapport. Vad är det som gör att organisationen får fram så engagerade ledare och ungdomar i verksamheten? Hur är pedagogiken upplagd? Hur ser ledarna på sin roll/sitt ansvar? Hur och till vilken nytta kan man sprida de goda exemplen? Fokus ligger på ungdomsledarnas och medlemmarnas egna upplevelser av verksamhetens innehåll och betydelse i deras liv samt deras reflektioner kring betydelsen av att ungdomar själva leder verksamheten. I arbetet med denna rapport har ett antal personer varit involverade. Studien har initierats av Forskarteamet för utvärdering av frivilligorganisationers alkohol- och drogförebyggande arbete inom Hälsoakademin, Örebro universitet och har sedan planerats gemensamt tillsammans med Verdandis projektledare och verksamhetsansvarige, Stig Nilsson. Vi vill rikta ett STORT TACK till alla de ungdomar som har intervjuats och som generöst har delat med sig av sina erfarenheter och reflektioner. Ett speciellt TACK till Stig Nilsson, Verdandi.
17.
Ludvigsson, Jonas F., et al.
(författare)
Coeliac disease and risk of tuberculosis : a population based cohort study
2007
Ingår i: Thorax. - London : BMJ Publ. Group. - 0040-6376 .- 1468-3296. ; 62:1, s. 23-28
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Background: Coeliac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease often characterised by malnutrition and linked to a number of complications such as an increased risk of lymphoma, adverse pregnancy outcome, and other autoimmune diseases. Tuberculosis (TB) affects a large proportion of the world population and is more common in individuals with malnutrition. We investigated the risk of TB in 14 335 individuals with CD and 69 888 matched reference individuals in a general population based cohort study.Methods: Cox proportional hazards method was used to calculate the risk of subsequent TB in individuals with CD. In a separate analysis, the risk of CD in individuals with prior TB was calculated using conditional logistic regression.Results: CD was associated with an increased risk of subsequent TB (hazard ratio (HR) 3.74, 95% CI 2.14 to 6.53; p<0.001). Similar risk estimates were seen when the population was stratified for sex and age at CD diagnosis. Individuals with CD were also at increased risk of TB diagnosed in departments of pulmonary medicine, infectious diseases, paediatrics, or thoracic medicine (HR 4.76, 95% CI 2.23 to 10.16; p<0.001). The odds ratio for CD in individuals with prior TB was 2.50 (95% CI 1.75 to 3.55; p<0.001).Conclusions: CD is associated with TB. This may be due to malabsorption and lack of vitamin D in persons with CD. Individuals with TB and gastrointestinal symptoms should be investigated for CD.
18.
Magnuson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
Father's occupation and sex ratio of offspring
2007
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - Stockholm : Taylor & Francis. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 35:5, s. 454-459
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Aims: Ecological studies have demonstrated that when national economies contract the proportion of male live births is reduced. It has been suggested that the relative disadvantage this causes influences sex ratio among births. Here the authors use individual data to investigate whether there is a persistent association of father's occupation with the sex of offspring and if it varies by industry sector. Associations with season of birth are also investigated. Methods: All fathers with a first singleton live birth in Sweden between 1940 and 1949 were identified using population registers (n=523,671). Fathers' occupations from the 1960 Census was categorized into: manual workers; agricultural sector (divided into workers and owners/ managers); and office sector (divided into workers and managers). Results: Compared with manual workers, the routine workers in other sectors were not statistically significantly more likely to have a male first offspring. Agricultural owners/ managers and office managers were both statistically significantly more likely to have male offspring with adjusted odds ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) of 1.045 (1.024—1.066, p<0.001) and 1.021 (1.003—1.039, p=0.022), respectively. Compared with autumn births, spring births were less likely to be male: 0.983 (0.967—0.998, p=0.029). Conclusions: Fathers' occupation level, even 10—20 years after childbirth, but not labour market sector is associated with the sex ratio of offspring, indicating that material or social conditions are responsible. Spring births are less likely to be male, probably due to infections differentially reducing male foetal survival.
19.
Montgomery, Scott M., et al.
(författare)
Does financial disadvantage at older ages eliminate the potential for better health?
2007
Ingår i: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. - London : British Medical Association. - 0143-005X .- 1470-2738. ; 61:10, s. 891-895
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Objective: Taller adult stature reflects early life advantages and is an indicator of improved economic and health outcomes, and thus the potential for better health, including reduced depression risk. As inadequate retirement pension provision is an increasing concern, we investigated whether health potential (indicated by height) was realised among those experiencing financial disadvantage in later life.Design, setting and participants: Cross-sectional study of the population in England aged over 50 years and not resident in an institution. Participants (n = 9106) were members of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.Main outcome measure: Depression assessed using the eight-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale.Results: Stratification by the lowest quintile of the net financial assets distribution defined adversity, and stature was dichotomised at the shortest quintile of height (sex standardised). After adjustment for sex, qualifications, occupation type, whether currently employed, age, ethnic origin and chronic illness, taller stature was associated with a statistically significant reduced risk of depression with an odds ratio of 0.7 (95% confidence interval 0.6 to 0.9) among those without financial disadvantage. No protection against depression was associated with taller stature among those with financial disadvantage (odds ratio 1.0; 95% confidence interval 0.8 to 1.3). Interaction testing confirmed effect modification by financial disadvantage for the association of height with depression (p = 0.005).Conclusions: Although taller stature, indicating favourable childhood conditions, is associated with a decreased risk of depression, this benefit is eliminated by financial disadvantage at older ages. Adequate financial provision for older people is required to maximise the health potential imparted by beneficial conditions in earlier life.
20.
Netuveli, G., et al.
(författare)
Mental health and resilience at older ages : bouncing back after adversity in the British Household Panel Survey
2008
Ingår i: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. - London : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0143-005X .- 1470-2738. ; 62:11, s. 987-991
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Background: Resilience is having good outcomes despite adversity and risk and could be described in terms of preserving the same level of the outcome or rebounding back to that level after an initial set back. Using the latter definition, resilience as “bouncing back”, this paper aims (1) to identify those members of a panel survey who demonstrated resilience, and (2) to identify the characteristics of the resilient individuals and the predictors of their resilience.Methods: The study subjects were the 3581 participants in the British Household Panel Survey, selected from waves 1–14, who satisfied three requirements: exposure to an adversity; availability of consecutive General Health Questionnaire (GHQ)-12 scores; aged 50 or more years. The primary outcome variable was resilience, operationalised as a GHQ-12 score that increased after exposure to adversity and returned to its pre-exposure level in the next (after 1 year) wave of the survey. The adversities were: functional limitation; bereavement or marital separation; poverty.Results: The prevalence of resilience, as defined, was 14.5%. After adjusting for regression to the mean, the GHQ-12 score of the resilient dropped by a mean of 3.6 points in the post-adversity period. Women predominated among the resilient, with this gender difference stronger among older women than younger women. The resilient were more likely to have high social support than the non-resilient, but otherwise were not different socioeconomically. High social support pre-adversity and during adversity increased the likelihood of resilience by 40–60% compared with those with low social support.Conclusions: Resilience is relatively rare and favours older women. It is fostered by high levels of social support existing before exposure to adversity.
