| 11. |
- Aalberg, L, et al.
(författare)
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Development of a harmonised method for the profiling of amphetamines : II. Stability of impurities in organic solvents
- 2005
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Ingår i: Forensic Science International. - : Elsevier. - 0379-0738 .- 1872-6283. ; 149:03-Feb, s. 231-241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study focused on the stability of 22 amphetamine impurities dissolved in six organic solvents: isooctane, toluene, ethanol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and diethyl ether. The aim was to find the most inert, and thereby most suitable, solvent for amphetamine profiling. Mixtures of the impurities were prepared in the different solvents, and changes in the concentrations of the individual compounds over-time were monitored by gas chromatographic analysis after 0, 4, 12, 24, 48, and 96 h. Isooctane and toluene provided the most inert conditions, although, a few of the impurities were insufficiently stable in these two solvents. The present experiments were performed as a part of the development of a harmonised method for profiling of amphetamine. The results can be used to support the choice of organic solvents for sample preparation. They also provide information about the stability of the impurities that are found in profiles of illicit amphetamine. This is essential due to the fact, that unstable compounds can have a negative influence on the comparison of profiles.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Carlsson, Ella, et al.
(författare)
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Mass composition of the escaping plasma at Mars
- 2006
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Ingår i: Icarus. - : Elsevier BV. - 0019-1035 .- 1090-2643. ; 182:2, s. 320-328
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Data from the Ion Mass Analyzer (IMA) sensor of the ASPERA-3 instrument suite on Mars Express have been analyzed to determine the mass composition of the escaping ion species at Mars. We have examined 77 different ion-beam events and we present the results in terms of flux ratios between the following ion species: CO2+/O+ and O-2(+)/O+. The following ratios averaged over all events and energies were identified: CO2+/O+ = 0.2 and O-2(+)/O+ = 0.9. The values measured are significantly higher, by a factor of 10 for O-2(+)/O+, than a contemporary modeled ratio for the maximum fluxes which the martian ionosphere can supply. The most abundant ion species was found to be O+, followed by O-2(+) and CO2+. We estimate the loss of CO2+ to be 4.0 x 10(24) s(-1) (0.29 kg s(-1)) by using the previous measurements of Phobos-2 in our calculations. The dependence of the ion ratios in relation to their energy ranges we studied, 0.3-3.0 keV, indicated that no clear correlation was found.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
-
Gateways to the global economy
- 2000
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the post-industrial network economy, international gateway regions are becoming increasingly important. These gateway regions are the nodes (defined as a city or a city region) that act as saddle points between a region and the global economy. While gateway regions have existed ever since inter-regional trade was first practised, new non-trade networks, and the wider global economy, have made these regions more complex. The book includes discussions of infrastructure networks such as the internet and air transport, as well as networking activities such as long-distance scientific cooperation, financial networks and direct investments. The contributors have expertise in fields such as regional economics, economic geography, institutional economics and business administration.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Hellesen, Carl, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of TRANSP Simulations Using Neutron emission Spectroscopy with Dual Sight Lines
- 2008
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Ingår i: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : AIP Publishing. - 0034-6748 .- 1089-7623. ; 79:10, s. 10E510-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A method to generate modeled neutron spectra from bulk and fast ion distributions simulated by TRANSP has been developed. In this paper, modeled data generated from fuel ion distrubutions modeled with TRANSP is compared to measured data from two neutron spectrometers with different lines of sight; TOFOR with a radial one and the MPRu with a tangential one. The information obtained from the analysis of the measured neutron spectra such as the relative intensity of the emission from different ion populations places additional constraints on the simulation and can be used to adjust the parameters of the simulation.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Pifferi, A, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-distance optical characterization of the female breast by time-resolved diffuse spectroscopy
- 2003
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Ingår i: PHOTON MIGRATION AND DIFFUSE-LIGHT IMAGING. - : SPIE. - 1996-756X .- 0277-786X. - 0819450081 ; 5138, s. 6-11
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two systems for time-resolved diffuse spectroscopy were used for the optical characterization of the female breast in 4 volunteers. A first system was a compact laser diode instrument operated at 660 and 785 nm, while the second one was a broadband laboratory set-up based on mode-locked lasers tunable in the 610-1000 nm range. Measurements were obtained both in transmittance and in reflectance geometry at 5 inter-fiber distances ranging from I to 4 cm at different locations on the breast. Distinct spectral features both in absorption and in scattering were observed among the 4 volunteers, and for each subject between reflectance and transmittance measurements. These differences are correlated with the abundance of the glandular tissue and blood absorption. Upon increasing, the inter-fiber distance in reflectance, deeper tissue structures were investigated, generally resulting in higher water contribution.
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