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Träfflista för sökning "WFRF:(Diaz Sandra) srt2:(2010-2014)"

Sökning: WFRF:(Diaz Sandra) > (2010-2014)

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11.
  • Mace, Georgina M., et al. (författare)
  • Approaches to defining a planetary boundary for biodiversity
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Global Environmental Change. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-3780 .- 1872-9495. ; 28, s. 289-297
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The idea that there is an identifiable set of boundaries, beyond which anthropogenic change will put the Earth system outside a safe operating space for humanity, is attracting interest in the scientific community and gaining support in the environmental policy world. Rockstrom et al. (2009) identify nine such boundaries and highlight biodiversity loss as being the single boundary where current rates of extinction put the Earth system furthest outside the safe operating space. Here we review the evidence to support a boundary based on extinction rates and identify weaknesses with this metric and its bearing on humanity's needs. While changes to biodiversity are of undisputed importance, we show that both extinction rate and species richness are weak metrics for this purpose, and they do not scale well from local to regional or global levels. We develop alternative approaches to determine biodiversity loss boundaries and extend our analysis to consider large-scale responses in the Earth system that could affect its suitability for complex human societies which in turn are mediated by the biosphere. We suggest three facets of biodiversity on which a boundary could be based: the genetic library of life; functional type diversity; and biome condition and extent. For each of these we explore the science needed to indicate how it might be measured and how changes would affect human societies. In addition to these three facets, we show how biodiversity's role in supporting a safe operating space for humanity may lie primarily in its interactions with other boundaries, suggesting an immediate area of focus for scientists and policymakers.
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12.
  • Mandl, Thomas, et al. (författare)
  • Frequent development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in primary SS--results of a longitudinal follow-up.
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Rheumatology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1462-0332 .- 1462-0324. ; 51:5, s. 941-946
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives. To study the longitudinal development of pulmonary function in patients with primary SS (pSS) and its association with respiratory symptoms, pulmonary radiographic findings and clinical features of pSS.Methods. Forty-one pSS patients, previously evaluated by pulmonary function tests (PFTs), were included in the study. The patients were studied at baseline and follow-up by PFT and at follow-up also by high-resolution CT scan of the lungs, the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire and by inflammatory and serological tests. The PFT results were compared with previously studied population-based controls, standardizing results with regard to gender, age, height, weight and tobacco consumption.Results. The mean follow-up time was 11 years. The pSS patients displayed signs of both obstructive and restrictive lung disease at baseline and at follow-up, and deteriorated in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)), ratio of FEV(1) to vital capacity and in diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide during follow-up. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was diagnosed in 37% of the pSS patients at follow-up. In pSS patients, respiratory symptoms and radiographic abnormalities were common, although with a poor association with PFT variables.Conclusion. The pSS patients showed signs of both obstructive and restrictive pulmonary disease and COPD commonly developed during follow-up. Respiratory symptoms and radiographic abnormalities were common but poorly associated with PFT in pSS patients.
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