| 11. |
- Hakeberg, Magnus, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Multivariate analysis of fears in dental phobic patients according to a reduced FSS-II scale.
- 1995
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Ingår i: European journal of oral sciences. - 0909-8836 .- 1600-0722. ; 103:5, s. 339-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study analyzed and assessed dimensions of a questionnaire developed to measure general fears and phobias. A previous factor analysis among 109 dental phobics had revealed a five-factor structure with 22 items and an explained total variance of 54%. The present study analyzed the same material using a multivariate statistical procedure (LISREL) to reveal structural latent variables. The LISREL analysis, based on the correlation matrix, yielded a chi-square of 216.6 with 195 degrees of freedom (P = 0.138) and showed a model with seven latent variables. One was a general fear factor correlated to all 22 items. The other six factors concerned "Illness & Death" (5 items), "Failures & Embarrassment" (5 items), "Social situations" (5 items), "Physical injuries" (4 items), "Animals & Natural phenomena" (4 items). One item (opposite sex) was included in both "Failures & Embarrassment" and "Social situations". The last factor, "Social interaction", combined all the items in "Failures & Embarrassment" and "Social situations" (9 items). In conclusion, this multivariate statistical analysis (LISREL) revealed and confirmed a factor structure similar to our previous study, but added two important dimensions not shown with a traditional factor analysis. This reduced FSS-II version measures general fears and phobias and may be used on a routine clinical basis as well as in dental phobia research.
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| 12. |
- Hakeberg, Magnus, 1954, et al.
(författare)
-
Repeated measurements of mood during psychologic treatment of dental fear.
- 1997
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Ingår i: Acta odontologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 55:6, s. 378-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of the present study were to analyze mood changes during psychologic treatment of dental fear by assessing the rate of improvement. Twenty-one patients who refused conventional dental treatment and reported extreme dental anxiety participated in the study. Levels of dental anxiety and mood were measured with the Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) and a Mood Adjective Checklist (MACL). MACL included two dimensions, degree of relaxation (r) and pleasantness (h) as experienced in a dental situation. Mood was monitored at each treatment session from base line to termination of the therapy (eight measurements). Two different treatment modalities were used, one with a more cognitive approach (n = 9) and one emphasizing the relaxation component (n = 12). A hierarchical linear models approach was applied to analyze individual change with repeated measurements. The results showed that positive mood changes over time were statistically significant. The mean improvement in mood scores per week and session was estimated for MACL(r) and MACL(h) to be 0.14/week and 0.09/week, respectively. The growth was not affected by DAS levels or treatment mode. This study also illustrated a powerful method for analyzing a longitudinal clinical trial design with repeated measurements.
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| 13. |
- Hedstrand, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Antibodies against hair follicles are associated with alopecia totalis inautoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Investigative Dermatology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-202X .- 1523-1747. ; 113:6, s. 1054-1058
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the autosomal recessively inherited autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I (APS I) patients have autoantibodies directed against several endocrine and nonendocrine organs. Alopecia areata is present in about one-third of the patients and usually in the more severe forms, alopecia universalis or totalis. Sera from 39 patients with APS I, diluted 1:150, were used in indirect immunofluorescence staining of cryo-sections from normal human scalp. Two hair follicle staining patterns were observed. A cytoplasmic staining of the differentiating matrix, cuticle, and cortex keratinocytes in the anagen hair follicle was seen in five (13%) APS I sera. All these five patients had alopecia totalis, representing 63% of the eight patients with alopecia totalis (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, four (10%) of the APS I sera stained the nuclei of the melanocytes in the hair follicle. Two of these patients had vitiligo. None of 20 healthy control sera stained the keratinocyte cells or the melanocyte nuclei. These data show that many patients with APS I have high-titer autoantibodies directed against the anagen matrix, cuticle, and cortex keratinocytes and a melanocyte nuclear antigen, and also that the hair follicle keratinocyte staining is associated with alopecia, especially alopecia totalis. This study emphasizes the role of the differentiating anagen keratinocytes as an important structure in the autoimmune etiology of alopecia, both in APS I and at least in a subgroup of patients with alopecia areata unrelated to APS I.
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| 14. |
- Johansson, L., et al.
(författare)
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The orphan nuclear receptor SHP inhibits agonist-dependent transcriptional activity of estrogen receptors ERalpha and ERbeta
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - : American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 274:1, s. 345-353
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- SHP (short heterodimer partner) is an unusual orphan nuclear receptor that contains a putative ligand-binding domain but lacks a conserved DNA-binding domain. Although no conventional receptor function has yet been identified, SHP has been proposed to act as a negative regulator of nuclear receptor signaling pathways, because it interacts with and inhibits DNA binding and transcriptional activity of various nonsteroid receptors, including thyroid hormone and retinoid receptors. We show here that SHP interacts directly with agonist-bound estrogen receptors, ERalpha and ERbeta, and inhibits ER-mediated transcriptional activation. SHP specifically targets the ligand-regulated activation domain AF-2 and competes for binding of coactivators such as TIF2. Thus, SHP may represent a new category of negative coregulators for ligand-activated nuclear receptors. SHP mRNA is widely expressed in rat tissues including certain estrogen target tissues, and subcellular localization studies demonstrate that SHP is a nuclear protein, suggesting a biological significance of the SHP interactions with ERs. Taken together, these results identify ERs as novel SHP targets and suggest that competition for coactivator-binding is a novel mechanism by which SHP may inhibit nuclear receptor activation.
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| 15. |
- Malmgren, H., et al.
(författare)
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Rapid detection of a mutation hot-spot in the human androgen receptor
- 1996
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Ingår i: Clinical Genetics. - 0009-9163 .- 1399-0004. ; 50:4, s. 202-205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mutations of the human androgen receptor gene may disturb sexual development in males, and are inherited as an X-linked recessive trait. The vast majority of the mutations are familial. We have identified a large kindred with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) without detectable androgen-binding in genital skin fibroblasts. A single nucleotide substitution (C-to-T transition) was identified, resulting in an Arg855 to Cys in the androgen binding domain. To date, four independent CAIS families have been reported with this specific mutation that coincides with the propensity of cytosines at CpG dinucleotides to methylate. An allele-specific oligo-nucleotide assay was developed that allowed for the rapid and specific identification of this mutation hot-spot in individuals with androgen receptor insensitivity syndromes.
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| 16. |
- Miranda-Vizuete, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Cloning, expression, and characterization of a novel Escherichia coli thioredoxin
- 1997
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Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - : American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 272:49, s. 30841-30847
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thioredoxin (Trx) is a small ubiquitous protein that displays different functions mainly via redox-mediated processes. We here report the cloning of a gene (trxC) coding for a novel thioredoxin in Escherichia coli as well as the expression and characterization of its product. The gene encodes a protein of 139 amino acids (Trx2) with a calculated molecular mass of 15.5 kDa. Trx2 contains two distinct domains: an N-terminal domain of 32 amino acids including two CXXC motifs and a C-terminal domain, with the conserved active site, Trp-Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys, showing high homology to the prokaryotic thioredoxins. Trx2 together with thioredoxin reductase and NADPH is an efficient electron donor for the essential enzyme ribonucleotide reductase and is also able to reduce the interchain disulfide bridges of insulin. The apparent Km value of Trx2 for thioredoxin reductase is similar to that of the previously characterized E. coli thioredoxin (Trx1). The enzymatic activity of Trx2 as a protein-disulfide reductase is increased by preincubation with dithiothreitol, suggesting that oxidation of cysteine residues other than the ones in the active site might regulate its activity. A truncated form of the protein, lacking the N-terminal domain, is insensitive to the presence of dithiothreitol, further confirming the involvement of the additional cysteine residues in modulating Trx2 activity. In addition, the presence of the N-terminal domain appears to confer heat sensitivity to Trx2, unlike Trx1. Finally, Trx2 is present normally in growing E. coli cells as shown by Western blot analysis.
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| 17. |
- Miranda-Vizuete, A., et al.
(författare)
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Human mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase cDNA cloning, expression and genomic organization
- 1999
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Ingår i: European Journal of Biochemistry. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0014-2956 .- 1432-1033. ; 261:2, s. 405-412
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have isolated a 1918-bp cDNA from a human adrenal cDNA library which encodes a novel thioredoxin reductase (TrxR2) of 521 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 56.2 kDa. It is highly homologous to the previously described cytosolic enzyme (TrxR1), including the conserved active site CVNVGC and the FAD-binding and NADPH-binding domains. However, human TrxR2 differs from human TrxR1 by the presence of a 33-amino acid extension at the N-terminus which has properties characteristic of a mitochondrial translocation signal. Northern-blot analysis identified one mRNA species of 2.2 kb with highest expression in prostate, testis and liver. We expressed human TrxR2 as a fusion protein with green fluorescent protein and showed that in vivo it is localized in mitochondria. Removal of the mitochondrial targeting sequence abolishes the mitochondrial translocation. Finally, we determined the genomic organization of the human TrxR2 gene, which consists of 18 exons spanning about 67 kb, and its chromosomal localization at position 22q11.2.
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| 18. |
- Miranda-Vizuete, A, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular cloning and expression of a cDNA encoding a human thioredoxin-like protein
- 1998
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Ingår i: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications - BBRC. - : Elsevier. - 0006-291X .- 1090-2104. ; 243:1, s. 284-288
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This report describes the cloning of a human cDNA that encodes a new protein (Txl, Thioredoxin-like) that belongs to the expanding family of thioredoxins based on sequence comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence. This cDNA, with a total length of 1,278 bp, consists of 205 bp of 5'-untranslated sequence (including an in frame stop codon), an open reading frame of 870 bp and a 203 bp fragment of 3'-untranslated sequence. The coding sequence predicts a protein of 289 amino acids with two distinct domains: an N-terminal domain of 105 residues homologous to the rest of mammalian thioredoxins containing the conserved active site (CGPC) and a C-terminal domain of 184 residues with no homology with any other protein in the database. Northern blot analysis indicates that the txl probe hybridizes to a 1.3 Kb mRNA and is ubiquitously expressed in human tissues with the highest expression in stomach, testis and bone marrow.
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| 19. |
- Palmqvist, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Emission of dust in planing and milling of wood
- 1999
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Ingår i: European Journal of Wood and Wood Products. - : Springer. - 0018-3768 .- 1436-736X. ; 57:3, s. 164-170
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dust created in the machining of wood is a major problem in the working environment. Minute wood particles carried through the air create a serious health hazard, in extreme cases even leading to cancer. This paper presents the influence of cutting data and tool geometry in reducing dust emissions at the source, i.e. at the tip of the tool. Three different wood materials were investigated; pine, beech and fiberboard (MDF). Specimens were processed in a milling machine where it was possible to alter the cutting data. The dust emissions from the tool (defined here as particles with a diameter less than 10 lm) were measured. The parameters altered in the experiments were moisture content of the wood, average chip thickness, direction of feed (up or down) and rake angle of the tool. The experiments showed that the average chip thickness had the greatest influence on the amount of dust created when machining wood and the moisture content of the wood a fairly great influence, while the direction of the feed and the rake angle had little or no influence. The results show that dust emissions increase rapidly when reaching a certain average chip thickness (which is the result of the chosen cutting data). It is therefore important to calculate and control the average chip thickness in order to minimize dust emissions from the cutting operation. Furthermore, there is a large difference in dust emissions between the three wood materials tested. Machining MDF creates about six times the amount of dust compared to machining solid pine. When machining beech, the dust emissions are about 50% higher compared to machining pine.
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| 20. |
- Palmqvist, Jan
(författare)
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On Integrity Monitoring of Integrated Navigation Systems
- 1997
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In civil aviation a new philosophy for flight safety and traffic management is under development. The goal is to enable an expected increase in air traffic density by reducing aircraft separation. The accuracy of the position estimate determined by the navigation system in each aircraft determines this separation. A necessary component to achieve this goal is a monitor that continuously supervise the navigation solution integrity, i.e., the trust that can be placed on the estimated position. Integrity monitoring is important in military applications as well.In this thesis the problem of monitoring the integrity of navigation systems is studied. Most of the proposed methods for integrity monitoring of navigation systems are formulated in a very problem oriented manner. The problem has close connections to fault detection and isolation and many connections with general methods within this area have been found and are pointed out. The thesis contains surveys on both navigation and fault detection and isolation.When using multiple navigation sensors, they could be integrated to yield better performance as well as integrity. A multi-level monitoring scheme to be used in an integrated navigation system is proposed. The scheme uses different integrity monitoring approaches at different levels to achieve improved total performance.Furthermore, one method, the Generalized Likelihood Ratio GLR test, is evaluated for integrity monitoring of an integrated inertial/satellite navigation system (INS-GNSS). In addition to prove good detection performance of the GLR test special attention is given to two problems related to the navigation application, tuning of the GLR test and fault isolation. Good fault isolation together with the GLR test statistics form the basis for compensation of the position estimate after a detected fault.The proposed methods for tuning, detection and isolation are evaluated on a simulated model of the North pointing channel of an integrated inertial-satellite navigation system.
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