| 11. |
- Canovic, Sead, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Oxidation of Co- and Ce-nanocoated FeCr steels: A microstructural investigation
- 2013
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Ingår i: Surface and Coatings Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0257-8972. ; 215, s. 62-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of novel Co and Ce nanocoatings on oxidation behaviour and chromium volatilization from a commercial Fe-22Cr steel (Sanergy HT) developed for solid oxide fuel cell interconnect applications is investigated. Three different coatings (10 nm Ce, 640 nm Co and 10 nm Ce + 640 nm Co) are studied. Uncoated and nanocoated samples are exposed isothermally at 850 C in the air with 3% H2O for 168 h. The detailed microstructure of the different coatings is investigated. The surface morphology and microstructure of the oxide scales are characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). Cross-section TEM thin foils are prepared by using a combined FIB/SEM (focused ion beam/scanning electron microscope) instrument. A 640 nm cobalt coating strongly inhibits Cr volatilization but has only minor effects on oxidation rate. In contrast, a 10 nm Ce coating decreases the oxidation rate but has no significant effects on chromium volatilization. Combining the two coatings, i.e., applying a 640 nm Co coating on top of the 10 nm Ce, effectively reduces Cr evaporation and slows down the rate of alloy oxidation.
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| 12. |
- Franzén, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of the Swedish version of the incontinence impact questionnaire and the urogenital distress inventory
- 2013
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 92:5, s. 555-561
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To validate the Swedish versions of the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ-7) and Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-6). Design and setting. Prospective study, university hospital. Population and method. We analyzed reliability, validity, and responsiveness in a clinical sample of 96 women with urinary incontinence. Main outcome measures. Construct and criterion validity, reliability via test–retest and internal consistency. Responsiveness via calculation of effect size. Result. Test–retest reliability ranged from moderate to almost perfect. Cronbach's alpha was 0.39 (UDI-6) and 0.83 (IIQ-7). Effect size calculation of change after treatment demonstrated good responsiveness. The effect size at six months was moderate in the Stress Urinary Incontinence group and small in the Urge Urinary Incontinence + Mixed Urinary Incontinence group. There was a moderate to strong correlation between UDI-6 and IIQ-7 and treatment satisfaction at six, 12, and 24 months for both groups. Conclusion. The UDI-6 scale did not produce the same solid result in the psychometric analysis as the IIQ-7 scale, but these newly translated Swedish forms of UDI-6 and IIQ-7 show good responsiveness and are easy to administer and to fill out.
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| 13. |
- Froitzheim, Jan, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Long term study of Cr evaporation and high temperature corrosion behaviour of Co coated ferritic steel for solid oxide fuel cell interconnects
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Power Sources. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-7753. ; 220, s. 217-227
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The oxidation behaviour of the uncoated ferritic Fe-22Cr steel Sanergy HT is compared with an 640 nm Co coated version of the same material. The materials have been subject to corrosion and Cr volatilization measurements in air for up to 3000 h at 850 degrees C. Oxidation tests have been carried out both isothermal and discontinuously. The volatilization measurements were carried out using a recently developed denuder technique, which allows to quantify Cr evaporation in a time resolved manner. The oxidation process is studied from very initial phases (>15 s) to long term behaviour (3000 h). The formed oxide scales are analysed by XRD, SEM/EDX as well as TEM/EDX.The results show that both materials form an oxide scale with an inner layer of Cr2O3 and a spinel layer on top. In the case of the uncoated material, the spinel layer is of (Cr,Mn)(3)O-4 type while in the presence of a Co coating a (Co,Mn,Fe)(3)O-4 is formed. The Cr evaporation measurements show that despite the fact that the Co coating is very thin (640 nm) it effectively blocks Cr evaporation for at least 3000 h. This is in line with TEM analysis showing that after 3000 h there is only a low Cr content in the outer oxide scale. This long term stability indicates the suitability of the coated material as solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) interconnect.
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| 14. |
- Haghsheno, Mohammad-Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Low 25-OH Vitamin D is Associated with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Urology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1527-3792 .- 0022-5347. ; 190:2, s. 608-614
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: We tested the hypothesis that low vitamin D is associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia. We also studied whether body composition, sex hormones, serum sex hormone-binding globulin, albumin corrected serum calcium, adiponectin and lipid status are associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Materials and Methods: We investigated 184 representative, randomly selected men 72 to 76 years old enrolled in the Gothenburg arm of the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS). Men with a history of prostate cancer, prostate operation or medication for benign prostatic hyperplasia were excluded from study, leaving 155 available for analysis. A cross-sectional study was performed in which benign prostatic hyperplasia measured by total prostate volume was related to clinical, anthropometric, endocrine and metabolic factors on univariate and multivariate analyses with regression models. Results: Median prostate volume was 40 ml. In multivariate models only 25-OH vitamin D, albumin corrected serum calcium, serum sex hormone-binding globulin and high density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly and inversely associated with large prostate glands. Conclusions: The current report adds 4 independent factors associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia, including low 25-OH vitamin D, serum calcium, sex hormone-binding globulin and high density lipoprotein cholesterol.
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| 15. |
- Haghsheno, Mohammad-Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Low 25-OH Vitamin D Level is Associated with Benign Prostatic Enlargement (BPE).
- 2013
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Ingår i: The Journal of urology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1527-3792 .- 0022-5347. ; 190:2, s. 608-614
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To test the hypothesis that low levels of vitamin D were associated with Benign Prostatic Enlargement (BPE). We also studied whether body composition, sex hormones, serum SHBG, albumin corrected serum calcium, adiponectin and lipid statuses were associated with BPE. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 184 representative randomly selected men aged 72 - 76 years, enrolled in the Gothenburg arm of the MrOs study, were investigated. Men with a medical history of prostate cancer, prostate operation or medication for BPE were excluded leaving 155 men to be analyzed. A cross-sectional study was conducted in which BPE, as measured by the total prostate gland volume, was related to clinical, anthropometric, endocrine and metabolic factors, using univariate and multivariate analyses with regression models. RESULTS: The median prostate volume was 40 ml. In multivariate models only 25-OH vitamin D, albumin corrected serum calcium, serum SHBG and HDL-cholesterol were significantly and inversely associated with large prostate glands. CONCLUSION: The present report adds four independent factors associated with BPE: Low levels of 25-OH vitamin D, serum calcium, SHBG and HDL-cholesterol.
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| 16. |
- Holmberg, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Results from the scandinavian prostate cancer group trial number 4 : a randomized controlled trial of radical prostatectomy versus watchful waiting
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Monographs. - Cary, USA : Oxford University Press. - 1052-6773 .- 1745-6614. ; 2012:45, s. 230-233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group Trial Number 4 (SPCG-4), 347 men were randomly assigned to radical prostatectomy and 348 to watchful waiting. In the most recent analysis (median follow-up time = 12.8 years), the cumulative mortality curves had been stable over the follow-up. At 15 years, the absolute risk reduction of dying from prostate cancer was 6.1% following randomization to radical prostatectomy, compared with watchful waiting. Hence, 17 need to be randomized to operation to avert one death. Data on self-reported symptoms, stress from symptoms, and quality of life were collected at 4 and 12.2 years of median follow-up. These questionnaire studies show an intricate pattern of symptoms evolving after surgery, hormonal treatments, signs of tumor progression, and also from natural aging. This article discusses some of the main findings of the SPCG-4 study. The Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group Trial Number 4 (SPCG-4) started in 1989 when radical prostatectomy was newly introduced in Scandinavia and when there was essentially no prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing in asymptomatic men; such testing only became common at the end of the inclusion of the trial a decade later. However, the trial data continue to be important for several reasons. In many parts of the world, the clinical panorama of prostate cancer still resembles that in Sweden in the early 1990s. The trial results point to many of the issues that modern diagnosis and treatment have to solve. SPCG-4 is to date the only trial to inform about both forces of mortality and self-reported symptoms and quality of life in men after radical prostatectomy or watchful waiting two decades and more out after a primary diagnosis of prostate cancer. According to the protocol (http://www.roc.se/prostata/SPCG-4.pdf), the main trial data have been updated every 3 years since 2002 (1–6). In this presentation, we highlight some of the main findings with bearing on the topic of this conference and discuss some issues that have been raised when the trial results have been presented.
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| 17. |
- Johansson, Anna, 1965-
(författare)
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Sleep-Wake-Activity and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease and evaluation of an individualized non-pharmacological programme to promote self-care in sleep
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sleep is a basic need, important to physical and psychological recovery. Insomnia implies sleep-related complaints, such as difficulty falling asleep, difficulty staying asleep, early awakening, or non-restorative sleep (NRS) in an individual who has adequate circumstances and opportunity to sleep. Insomnia is also related to impairment of daytime functions. The prevalence of reported sleep disturbances varies between 15% and 60% in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) up to five years after intervention. Disturbed sleep may have a negative impact on self-care capacity and behaviours. Little attention has been given to evaluation of sleep promotion through individualized non-pharmacological interventions among CAD patients.The overall aim of this thesis was to describe the impact of sleep quality and disrupted sleep on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with stable CAD, in comparison to a population-based group. The objective was also to evaluate an individualized non-pharmacological programme to promote self-care in sleep.Four studies were conducted during seven years, starting in 2001. Patients from six hospitals in the south of Sweden were invited to participate. In addition, an age and gender matched population-based group was randomly selected during the same period as the patients and was used for comparison with the CAD patients in two of the studies. Data was collected through interviews, self-reported questionnaires, a study specific sleep diary and actigraphy registrations. A pretest-posttest control design was used to evaluate whether an individualized non-pharmacological intervention programme could promote self-care in sleep-activity in CAD patients.The results showed a high prevalence of insomniac CAD patients out of whom a large proportion were non-rested insomniacs. This showed that NRS is one of the core symptoms of insomnia. On the other hand there were weak or non-significant gender differences with increasing insomnia severity. Severe insomniac CAD patients displayed a two or threefold higher presleep arousal or anxiety score and were more limited in taking physical exercise than the general population. Generally low sleep efficiency (SE%) was revealed in the studies, particularly among severe non-rested insomniac CAD patients.Among CAD patients, the individualized non-pharmacological programme to promote self-care in sleep-activity indicated improvements in sleep and HRQoL.This thesis elucidates the importance of focusing on the individual’s perception of their sleep-activity and health in their local context and supporting self-care management. Furthermore, it is of importance that nurses set individual goals together with the patient in order to increase self-efficacy to promote HRQoL.
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| 18. |
- Johansson, Carl-Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Sågverksnytt nr 1
- 2013
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 19. |
- Johansson, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Växtnäring från trekammarbrunnar till energigräs
- 2013
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- En slutsats som dragits inom projektet är att själva kretsloppet för växtnäringsinnehållet i trekammarbrunnsslam inte är den viktigaste frågan ur hållbarhetssynpunkt vid odling av energigräs, eftersom återföringen av växtnäring med trekammarbrunnsslam, främst fosfor och kalium, är mycket begränsad. I stället är själva nyttjandet av energigräset som råvara för produktion av förnybara drivmedel mycket viktigare ur hållbarhetssynpunkt. Hållbarheten i systemet ligger i att energigräset kan omvandlas till förnybara drivmedel, såsom biogas och bioetanol, vilka ersätter bensin och diesel, som har en mycket stor klimatpåverkan. Enligt litteraturuppgifter ger en vallgröda på ca 9 ton torrsubstans (ts) per ha och år, en reduktion av växthusgasemissioner med ca 6 ton CO2-ekv. per hektar och år, under förutsättning att fordonsgas i form av metan produceras av vallgrödan och biogödseln, som kvarstår efter rötningen av vallgrödan, ersätter mineralgödsel på produktiv åkermark. Inom projektet har vi uppnått skördar på 5 - 15 ton ts per ha och år beroende på odlingslokal och vilket energigräs som odlats, om gräset varit gödslat eller ogödslat samt om baljväxter ingått i ”biogasvallen”. Skördenivåer i detta intervall tyder på att man kan uppnå ett hållbart system för produktion av biogas baserat på energigräs, enligt EU:s nuvarande hållbarhetskriterier (en CO2-reduktion på minst 35 %) för förnybara drivmedel, oberoende om gräset gödslas med trekammarbrunnsslam eller ej. Särskilt stor klimatnytta uppnås vid användning av biogasvallar som innehåller både gräs och baljväxter, eftersom dessa ger hög biomassaavkastning helt utan kvävegödsling. Biogaspotentialen hos de energigräs och biogasvallar som studerats i projektet ligger normalt i intervallet 250 – 350 l CH4 per kg VS, beroende på skördetidpunkt och förbehandlingsmetod. Att använda energiåkrar för odling av fleråriga energigräs där biomassan används för produktion av biogas, bioetanol eller fastbränsle innebär flera miljövinster, mest påtagligt genom minskad klimatpåverkan, eftersom fossil energi ersätts, men även genom att fleråriga grödor har lägre behov av insatser i form av jordbearbetning och ogräsbekämpning och lagrar in mer kol i rötterna och marken än ettåriga grödor. Ytterligare miljövinster kan erhållas om biomassa skördas på ogödslade energiåkrar nära känsliga vattenmiljöer, eftersom man då kan transportera bort växtnäring till produktiv åkermark, som annars skulle kunna orsaka övergödning. Vid användning av energigräs som biogassubstrat kan biogödseln, som blir kvar efter rötningen, användas som ett värdefullt gödselmedel inom ekologisk eller konventionell odling. Biogödseln innehåller lättillgänglig växtnäring och om den används för gödsling av livsmedelsgrödor på åkermark sker en stor miljövinst genom ersättning av mineralgödsel. För att trekammarbrunnsslam skall kunna användas som ett gödselmedel till energigräs så krävs det en hygienisering genom t.ex. tillsats av minst 0,6 % urea och lagring i minst 3 månader. Hygienisering med urea medför dock att trekammarbrunnsslammet får ett relativt högt kväveinnehåll i jämförelse med andra viktiga växtnäringsämnen, såsom fosfor och kalium. Detta innebär att fosfor och kalium måste tillföras med andra gödselmedel för att energiåkern inte skall lida brist på dessa växtnäringsämnen på längre sikt. Tillförseln av tungmetaller med det hygieniserade trekammarbrunnsslammet till energiåkern bedöms vara något större jämfört med om källsorterat klosettvatten eller nötflytgödsel används som gödselmedel till energigräsen. Halterna av miljöstörande organiska ämnena i trekammarbrunnsslam ligger dock långt under riktvärdena för avloppsslam enligt slamöverenskommelsen. Allt detta visar att hygieniserat trekammarbrunnsslam kan användas som en växtnäringsresurs vid odling av energigräs eller biogasvallar på energiåkrar, men att hygieniserat klosettvatten skulle vara ett väl så bra alternativ.
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| 20. |
- Johansson, Karl-Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Trends in Development Aid, Negotiation Processes and NGO Policy Change
- 2010
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Ingår i: Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0957-8765 .- 1573-7888. ; 21, s. 371-392
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Non-governmental organizations (NGO) and government donor agencies (GDA) are often caught in a dilemma; an NGO between responsiveness to its target group(s), expectations of individual donors and demands of its GDA; GDA between its policy to respect NGO's integrity, its wish to keep NGOs accountable for received fund and its operation within the bounds of its general policies. This dilemma is mirrored in the NGO-GDA negotiation for funds. Based on negotiation theory and using three explanatory approaches, 18 years of negotiations between an NGO, Vi Skogen (ViS) and its GDA, the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), are analyzed in order to demonstrate how organizational structures, power relations and the context influence the outcome of the negotiations. All three approaches help to explain how ViS managed, mainly in the interest of its individual donors, to resist changes demanded by Sida and also to explain how the agendas of ViS and Sida finally converged.
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