| 11. |
- Tilliander, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
A mathematical model of the heat transfer and fluid flow in AOD nozzles and its use to study the conditions at the gas/steel interface
- 2001
-
Ingår i: ISIJ International. - : Iron and Steel Institute of Japan. - 0915-1559 .- 1347-5460. ; 41:10, s. 1156-1164
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Knowledge of process gas parameters in the area where the gas leaves the nozzle and then enters the molten steel in AOD converters is necessary in order to determine the boundary conditions needed to model the converter process. Using a newly developed mathematical model for an AOD nozzle verified by comparison against laser Doppler anemometer measurements, the objective of this study was to predict characteristics of non-isothermal heat transfer and fluid flow at the nozzle for pure oxygen gas injected into an AOD converter. The inlet boundary conditions for the nozzle simulation were taken from plant data. The investigation showed that the thermodynamic and physical phenomena in the region where the gas enters the steel melt cannot be determined if the transformation of kinetic energy of gas into heat is not considered because this would amount to oversight of the influences of bubble frequency, temperature, etc. on the process. The possible ranges of bubble frequency and temperature for the nozzle conditions in the study were also determined.
|
|
| 12. |
- Tilliander, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Effect of Ar/O-2 gas mixtures on heat-transfer and fluid-flow characteristics in AOD nozzles
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Steel research. - : Wiley. - 0177-4832. ; 71:11, s. 429-434
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A model of fluid flow and heat transfer in a nozzle used for injection of argon and oxygen in AOD converters was developed earlier. In this study the model was used to determine the effect of changes in the ratio of argon to oxygen in argon-oxygen gas mixtures injected through the nozzle on fluid flow and heat transfer. It was found, for the studied conditions, that the temperature and laminar kinematic viscosity at the nozzle outlet were not dependent on the gas composition. However, the velocity, density, turbulent kinetic energy and dissipation of kinetic energy varied with a change in the fraction of oxygen injected. It is therefore concluded that for use as boundary-condition input data for an AOD converter model (under development), it is important to be able to calculate reliable velocity and turbulence parameter data for gas mixtures of different argon/oxygen ratios.
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
- Ahlqvist-Rastad, Jane, et al.
(författare)
-
Erythropoietin therapy and cancer related anaemia : updated Swedish recommendations
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Medical Oncology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1357-0560 .- 1559-131X. ; 24:3, s. 267-272
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to concerns related to treatment with erythropoietin (EPO) and possible negative effects on tumour control, a workshop was organised by the Medical Products Agency of Sweden with the aim to revise national treatment guidelines if needed. In patients with solid tumours, conflicting results have been reported with respect to tumour control and survival. Until further notice it is therefore recommended that EPO should be used restrictively in the treatment of patients with cancer and that the anticipated improvement in quality of life should be evaluated against potential risks.
|
|
| 15. |
- Algesten, Grete, et al.
(författare)
-
Contribution of sediment respiration to summer CO2 emission from boreal and subarctic lakes
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Microbial Ecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0095-3628 .- 1432-184X. ; 50:4, s. 529-535
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We measured sediment production of carbon dioxide (CO(2)) and methane (CH(4)) and the net flux of CO(2) across the surfaces of 15 boreal and subarctic lakes of different humic contents. Sediment respiration measurements were made in situ under ambient light conditions. The flux of CO(2) between sediment and water varied between an uptake of 53 and an efflux of 182 mg C m(-2) day(-1) from the sediments. The mean respiration rate for sediments in contact with the upper mixed layer (SedR) was positively correlated to dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration in the water (r(2) = 0.61). The net flux of CO(2) across the lake surface [net ecosystem exchange (NEE)] was also closely correlated to DOC concentration in the upper mixed layer (r(2) = 0.73). The respiration in the water column was generally 10-fold higher per unit lake area compared to sediment respiration. Lakes with DOC concentrations <5.6 mg L(-1) had net consumption of CO(2) in the sediments, which we ascribe to benthic primary production. Only lakes with very low DOC concentrations were net autotrophic (<2.6 mg L(-1)) due to the dominance of dissolved allochthonous organic carbon in the water as an energy source for aquatic organisms. In addition to previous findings of allochthonous organic matter as an important driver of heterotrophic metabolism in the water column of lakes, this study suggests that sediment metabolism is also highly dependent on allochthonous carbon sources.
|
|
| 16. |
- Algesten, Grete, et al.
(författare)
-
Contribution of sediment respiration to summer CO2 emission from low productive boreal and subarctic lakes
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Microbial Ecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0095-3628 .- 1432-184X. ; 50:4, s. 529-535
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We measured sediment production of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) and the net flux of CO2 across the surfaces of 15 boreal and subarctic lakes of different humic contents. Sediment respiration measurements were made in situ under ambient light conditions. The flux of CO2 between sediment and water varied between an uptake of 53 and an efflux of 182 mg C m−2 day−1 from the sediments. The mean respiration rate for sediments in contact with the upper mixed layer (SedR) was positively correlated to dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration in the water (r 2 = 0.61). The net flux of CO2 across the lake surface [net ecosystem exchange (NEE)] was also closely correlated to DOC concentration in the upper mixed layer (r 2 = 0.73). The respiration in the water column was generally 10-fold higher per unit lake area compared to sediment respiration. Lakes with DOC concentrations <5.6 mg L−1 had net consumption of CO2 in the sediments, which we ascribe to benthic primary production. Only lakes with very low DOC concentrations were net autotrophic (<2.6 mg L−1) due to the dominance of dissolved allochthonous organic carbon in the water as an energy source for aquatic organisms. In addition to previous findings of allochthonous organic matter as an important driver of heterotrophic metabolism in the water column of lakes, this study suggests that sediment metabolism is also highly dependent on allochthonous carbon sources.
|
|
| 17. |
- Allwood, Carl Martin, 1952, et al.
(författare)
-
Child witnesses meta-memory realism
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 47, s. 461-470
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 18. |
- Allwood, Carl Martin, 1952, et al.
(författare)
-
Child witnesses’ metamemory realism
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 47, s. 461-470
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated the degree of realism in the confidence judgments of 11-12 year old children (N=81) of their answers to questions relating to a short film clip showing a kidnapping event. Four different confidence scales were used: a numeric scale, a picture scale, a line scale, and a written scale. The results demonstrated that the children showed a high level of overconfidence in their memories. However, no significant differences between the four confidence scales were found. The results indicate that, at least in the context investigated, 11-12 year-old children’s confidence in their event memory show poor realism. A comparison with previous research on adults indicates that children show noticeably poorer realism.
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
- Allwood, Carl Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
Does mood influence the realism of confidence judgments?
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 1467-9450 .- 0036-5564. ; 43:3, s. 253-260
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study we investigated how mood influences the degree of realism in participants’ confidence judgments (based on an episodic memory task). Using music and film in combination, we successfully induced half of the participants into an elated mood, but failed to induce a sad mood in the other half. Contrary to our prediction, our data indicated that there was no difference in the realism of the confidence between the conditions. When relating this result to previous research our conclusion is that there is no, or very little, influence of mood of moderate intensity on the realism of confidence judgments.
|
|
