| 11. |
- Engdahl, J, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term mortality among patients discharged alive after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest does not differ markedly compared with that of myocardial infarct patients without out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
- 2001
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Ingår i: European journal of emergency medicine. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Ltd.. - 0969-9546 .- 1473-5695. ; 8:4, s. 253-261
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of our research was to study the long-term prognosis among patients discharged alive after an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in comparison with patients discharged alive after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) without OHCA, and also to study the long-term influence of AMI in connection with OHCA. Our research was conducted in the municipality of Göteborg. We retrospectively studied patients discharged from hospital 1990-91 after an OHCA of cardiac aetiology and patients discharged after an AMI without prehospital cardiac arrest. During 1980-98, we studied all patients discharged alive after OHCA of cardiac aetiology, divided into groups of precipitating AMI and no AMI. The study includes 48 patients discharged alive after an OHCA 1990-91, 30 (62%) of whom had a simultaneous AMI and 1425 patients with an AMI without OHCA. Compared with AMI survivors, survivors of an OHCA of cardiac origin were younger but had more frequently a history of congestive heart failure. Their mortality rate during the subsequent 5 years was 46%, compared with 40% among survivors of an AMI (NS). The 5-year mortality rate among patients with an OHCA precipitated by an AMI was 40%. When correcting for differences at baseline, the adjusted risk ratio for death among patients with an OHCA of cardiac origin was 1.2 (95% CI 0.8-1.8) compared with patients with an uncomplicated AMI. During 1980-98, 215 patients were judged as having an OHCA precipitated by an AMI and 115 patients had an OHCA of cardiac aetiology but no simultaneous AMI. Five-year mortality was 54% and 50% respectively (NS). It is concluded that survivors of an OHCA of cardiac origin differed from survivors of an uncomplicated AMI in that they were younger and more frequently had a history of cardiovascular disease. Their 5-year mortality after discharge was similar to that of survivors of an AMI without a prehospital cardiac arrest, even after adjusting for differences at baseline.
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| 12. |
- Engdahl, J, et al.
(författare)
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The epidemiology of cardiac arrest in children and young adults.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier Ireland Ltd. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 58:2, s. 131-138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To describe the epidemiology of children and young adults suffering from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. PATIENTS: All patients suffering from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in whom, resuscitation efforts were attempted in the community of Göteborg between 1980 and 2000. METHODS: Between 31 October 1980 and 31 October 2000, all consecutive cases of cardiac arrest in which the emergency medical service (EMS) system responded and attempted resuscitation were reported and followed-up to discharge from hospital. RESULTS: Among 5505 cardiac arrests information on age was available in 5290 cases (96%). Of these 5290 cases 98 (2%) were children (age 0-17 years), 197 (4%) were young adults (age 18-35 years) and the remaining 4995 (94%) were adults (age >35 years). Children and young adults differed from adults by suffering from a witnessed arrest less frequently, being found by the ambulance crew in ventricular fibrillation/tachycardia less frequently and being judged as having an underlying cardiac aetiology less frequently. Of the children only 5% were discharged from hospital alive compared with 8% for young adults and 9% for adults. Among survivors the cerebral performance categories (CPC) score at discharge tended to differ with 38% of young adults registering a CPC score of 1 (no neurological deficit) compared with 52% among adults. CONCLUSION: Children and young adults suffering from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest differed from adults in terms of aetiology and observed initial arrhythmia. Children had a particularly bad outcome whereas young adults had a similar outcome as adults.
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| 13. |
- Francke, W., et al.
(författare)
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New type of sesiidae sex pheromone identified from the hornet moth Sesia apiformis
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Ecology. - 0098-0331 .- 1573-1561. ; 30:4, s. 805-817
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two components of the female-produced sex pheromone of the hornet moth, Sesia apiformis, were identified as (3Z, 13Z)-octadeca-3,13-dien-1-ol (3Z, 13Z-18:OH) and (2E, 13Z)-octadeca-2,13-dienal (2E, 13Z-18:Al), a pheromone structure new in Sesiidae. Pooled gland extracts showed the two major compounds in a proportion of ca. 2:3, while SPME-investigations on single calling females revealed a ratio of ca. 1:7. Although the single compounds were not attractive, a 2: 3 mixture proved to be highly active towards males in field tests. Small amounts of (2E, 13Z)-octadecadienol (2E, 13Z-18:OH) were found in the sex pheromone gland of females, however, the biological significance of the compound remains unclear. Methyl sulfide was found to readily react with 2-alkenals, providing an effective new method for the characterization of this type of compound upon GC/MS. The derivatives, 1,1,3-tris(methylthio)alkanes, are the products of the addition of methyl sulfide to the double bond and the transformation of the carbonyl group into the corresponding bis(methylthio)acetal. The mass spectra of these compounds are characterized by diagnostic signals at m/z 107 and/or m/z 121. These fragments represent the first carbon unit or the first two carbon units of the derivative, respectively. The parent signal in the spectra of thiomethyl derivatives of 2-alkenals showing no other double bonds is represented by m/z M+-121, formed upon loss of the first two carbon units. By employing a solution of methyl sulfide in dimethyl sulfide, the double bond positions in 2E, 13Z-18:Al could be fully characterized by GC/MS.
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| 14. |
- Herlitz, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics and outcome for patients with acute chest pain in relation to whether or not they were transported by ambulance
- 2000
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Ingår i: European journal of emergency medicine. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Ltd.. - 0969-9546 .- 1473-5695. ; 7:3, s. 195-200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics and long-term outcome for patients suffering from acute chest pain in relation to whether or not they were transported to hospital by ambulance. All patients with acute chest pain who were admitted over a 21-month period to the emergency department at Sahlgrenska Hospital in Göteborg with symptoms of acute chest pain were included in the study. Consecutive patients were prospectively registered and followed with regard to mortality and morbidity over 5 years. In all, 4270 patients took part in the evaluation, of whom 1445 (34%) were transported by ambulance. Patients transported by ambulance were older (p < 0.0001) and had a higher prevalence of previous myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and congestive heart failure (p < 0.0001 for all) than the others. They more frequently developed acute myocardial infarction (28% vs. 11%; p < 0.0001) and there was a final diagnosis of either confirmed or possible myocardial infarction/ischaemia in 69% compared with 38% for patients not transported by ambulance (p < 0.0001). The 5-year mortality among ambulance-transported patients was 41% vs. 16% among those who were not (p < 0.0001). When correcting for dissimilarities at baseline including final diagnosis the adjusted risk ratio for death among ambulance transported patients was 1.44 (95% confidence limit 1.26-1.65). However, we did not correct for severe non-cardiac diseases. It is concluded that among patients admitted to the emergency department with acute chest pain, those transported by ambulance had a much higher mortality during the subsequent 5 years than those who were not transported by ambulance. This was not entirely explained by observed differences at baseline. This information should be considered when ambulance organizations are being constructed.
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| 15. |
- Herlitz, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Experiences from treatment of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest during 17 years in Göteborg
- 2000
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press. - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 21:15, s. 1251-1258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: To describe changes in different factors at resuscitation and survival in a 17-year survey of patients suffering from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. METHOD: The investigation was carried out in the community of Göteborg with 450 000 inhabitants during 1981-1997 on all patients suffering out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in whom resuscitation was attempted. RESULTS: The number of cases per year, the proportion of witnessed arrests and the proportion of arrests of cardiac aetiology remained similar over time. There was an increase in median age from 68 to 73 years (P<0.0001), in the proportion of females from 27% to 33% (P=0.035) and in the proportion of patients receiving bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation from 14% to 28% (P<0.0001) with time. There was a shortening of the median interval from collapse until defibrillation from 9 min to 6 min (P<0.0001) over time but a decrease in the occurrence of ventricular fibrillation as the initially recorded arrhythmia from 39% to 32% (P=0.022). There was an increase in the proportion of patients having a bystander witnessed cardiac arrest of cardiac aetiology being hospitalized alive from 32% to 45% (P<0. 0001 for change over time). The proportion of patients discharged alive from hospital increased from 16% to 29% until 1993, but thereafter decreased to 13% in 1997 (P=0.002 for change over time). CONCLUSION: In a survey covering 17 years of resuscitation of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients we found that the occurrence of ventricular fibrillation as the initially recorded arrhythmia decreased. There was an increase in age, in the proportion of females and in the use of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The interval between collapse and defibrillation was shortened. Survival changed over time with an increase until 1993 but with a decrease thereafter.
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| 16. |
- Herlitz, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Factors associated with survival to hospital discharge among patients hospitalized alive after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest : change in outcome over 20 years in the community of Göteborg
- 2003
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Ingår i: Heart. - : BMJ Group. - 1355-6037 .- 1468-201X. ; 89:1, s. 25-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To describe the change in survival and factors associated with survival during a 20 year period among patients suffering from out of hospital cardiac arrest and being hospitalised alive. Patients: All patients hospitalised alive in the community of Göteborg after out of hospital cardiac arrest between 1 October 1980 and 1 October 2000 were included. Methods: Patient data were prospectively computerised with regard to factors at resuscitation. Data on medical history and hospitalisation were retrospectively recorded. Patients were divided into two groups (the first and second 10 year periods). Setting: Community of Göteborg, Sweden. Results: 5505 patients suffered from cardiac arrest during the time of the survey. Among them 1310 patients (24%) were hospitalised alive. Survival (discharged alive) was 37.5% during the first part and 35.1% during the second part (NS). The following were independent predictors of an increased chance of survival: ventricular fibrillation/tachycardia as the first recorded rhythm (odds ratio (OR) 3.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.36 to 5.07); witnessed arrest (OR 2.50, 95% CI 1.52 to 4.10); bystander initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.42 to 2.80); the patient being conscious on admission to hospital (OR 6.43, 95% CI 3.61 to 11.45); sinus rhythm on admission to hospital (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.12 to 2.10); and treatment with lidocaine in the emergency department (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.16 to 2.31). The following were independent predictors of a low chance of survival: age > 70 years (median) (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.88); atropine required in the emergency department (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.75); and chronic treatment with diuretics before hospital admission (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.81). Conclusion: There was no improvement in survival over time among initial survivors of out of hospital cardiac arrest during a 20 year period. Major indicators for an increased chance of survival were initial ventricular fibrillation/tachycardia, bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation, arrest being witnessed, and the patient being conscious on admission. Major indicators for a lower chance were high age, requirement for atropine in the emergency department, and chronic treatment with diuretics before cardiac arrest.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Luxova, A., et al.
(författare)
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Absolute configuration of chiral terpenes in marking pheromones of bumblebees and cuckoo bumblebees
- 2004
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Ingår i: Chirality. - : Wiley. - 0899-0042 .- 1520-636X. ; 16:4, s. 228-233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The absolute configurations of citronellol, 2,3-dihydrofamesol, and 2,3-dihydrofarnesal in male marking pheromones of seven species of bumblebees and cuckoo bumblebees were determined by enantioselective gas chromatography on a capillary column coated with 60% heptakis(2,3-di-O-acetyl-6-O-TBDMS)-beta-cyclodextrin in polysiloxane PS 268. Pure (-)-S-enantiomers of all three terpenes were found in the labial glands of all investigated specimens of the following species: Bombus (Bombus) terrestris, B. (Bombus) lucorum, B. (Pyrobombus) pratorum, B. (Pyrobombus) pyrenaeus, B. (Pyrobombus) jonellus, B. (Pyrobombus) impatiens, and the cuckoo bumblebee B. (Ashtonipsithyrus) bohemicus. Within species, specimens were collected at different localities and in different years. Except for 2,3-dihydrofamesol in B. terrestris, this is the first report on the absolute configuration of terpenes in marking pheromones of bumblebees.
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| 19. |
- Ozturk, M., et al.
(författare)
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Iron enrichment and photoreduction of iron under UV and PAR in the presence of hydroxycarboxylic acid : Implications for phytoplankton growth in the Southern Ocean
- 2004
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Ingår i: Deep-sea research. Part II, Topical studies in oceanography. - : Elsevier BV. - 0967-0645 .- 1879-0100. ; 51:22-24, s. 2841-2856
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Iron(III) photoreduction and the responses of phytoplankton under ultraviolet (UV) and photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) were investigated with the presence of hydroxycarboxylic acid (glucaric acid (GA), a model compound for organic acids excreted by phytoplankton). The incubation experiments were carried out on board using seawater samples collected in the location of the winter ice edge (WIE) and the spring ice edge (SIE) of the Southern Ocean. In this paper, we focus on the results of experiment in WIE. Throughout the experiments, dissolved Fe(II), major nutrients and in vivo fluorescence were monitored regularly. In addition, Chl-a, POC/PON, cell densities of phytoplankton and bacteria, bacterial production, organic peroxide, hydrogen peroxide and total CO2 were measured. The results from the WIE show that iron enrichment had a substantial effect on phytoplankton growth rate. Fe(III) addition in the presence of GA (FeGA) gave higher Fe(II) concentration and higher growth rate of phytoplankton than those in controls. Our results suggest that hydroxycarboxylic acid had a significant chemical and biological impact. The presence of GA influenced iron photochemistry and iron availability to phytoplankton. Phytoplankton growth responses to iron enrichments in incubations under UV and PAR were completely dissimilar. It seems that FeGA addition prominently changes the harmful effect of UV on the phytoplankton population. This study provides preliminary information on how the photoreduction of iron(III) and the phytoplankton growth are affected by iron enrichment in the presence of hydroxycarboxylic acid. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 20. |
- Stranden, M., et al.
(författare)
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(-)-germacrene D receptor neurones in three species of heliothine moths : structure-activity relationships
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Comparative Physiology A. Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-7594 .- 1432-1351. ; 189:7, s. 563-577
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Specificity of olfactory receptor neurones plays an important role in food and host preferences of a species, and may have become conserved or changed in the evolution of polyphagy and oligophagy. We have identified a major type of plant odour receptor neurones responding to the sesquiterpene germacrene D in three species of heliothine moths, the polyphagous Heliothis virescens and Helicoverpa armigera and the oligophagous Helicoverpa assulta. The neurones respond with high sensitivity and selectivity to (-)-germacrene D, as demonstrated by screening via gas chromatography with numerous mixtures of plant volatiles. Germacrene D was present in both host and non-host plants, but only in half of the tested species. The specificity of the neurones was similar in the three species, as shown by the 'secondary' responses to a few other sesquiterpenes. The effect of (-)-germacrene D was about ten times stronger than that of the (+)-enantiomer, which again was about ten times stronger than that of (-)-alpha-ylangene. Weaker effects were obtained for (+)-beta-ylangene, (+)-alpha-copaene, beta-copaene and two unidentified sesquiterpenes. The structure-activity relationship shows that the important properties of (-)-germacrene D in activating the neurones are the ten-membered ring system and the three double bonds acting as electron-rich centres, in addition to the direction of the isopropyl-group responsible for the different effects of the germacrene D enantiomers.
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