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| 12. |
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| 14. |
- Malmstrom, Vivianne, et al.
(författare)
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T cells that are naturally tolerant to cartilage-derived type II collagen are involved in the development of collagen-induced arthritis
- 2000
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Ingår i: Arthritis Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-9905. ; 2:4, s. 315-326
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The immunodominant T-cell epitope that is involved in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) is the glycosylated type II collagen (CII) peptide 256-270. In CII transgenic mice, which express the immunodominant CII 256-270 epitope in cartilage, the CII-specific T cells are characterized by a partially tolerant state with low proliferative activity in vitro, but with maintained effector functions, such as IFN-gamma secretion and ability to provide B cell help. These mice were still susceptible to CIA. The response was mainly directed to the glycosylated form of the CII 256-270 peptide, rather than to the nonglycosylated peptide. Tolerance induction was rapid; transferred T cells encountered CII within a few days. CII immunization several weeks after thymectomy of the mice did not change their susceptibility to arthritis or the induction of partial T-cell tolerance, excluding a role for recent thymic emigrants. Thus, partially tolerant CII autoreactive T cells are maintained and are crucial for the development of CIA.
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| 15. |
- Mathiassen, S.E., et al.
(författare)
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Integrating production engineering and ergonomics in production system design
- 2000
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Ingår i: Ergonomics for the New Millenium : proceedings of the XIVth Triennial Congress of the International Ergonomics Association and 44th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics society, July 29 through August 4, 2000, San Diego, California USA.. - 0945289138 ; 5, s. 501-504
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 16. |
- Neumann, Patrick, et al.
(författare)
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A case study evaluating the ergonomic and productivity impacts of partial automation strategies in the electronics industry
- 2002
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Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 40:16, s. 4059-4075
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A case study is presented that evaluates the impact of partial automation strategies on productivity and ergonomics. A company partly automated its assembly and transportation functions while moving from a parallel-batch to a serial line-based production system. Data obtained from company records and key informants were combined with detailed video analysis, biomechanical modelling data and field observations of the system. The new line system was observed to have 51% higher production volumes with 21% less per product labour input and lower work-in-process levels than the old batch-cart system. Partial automation of assembly operations was seen to reduce the total repetitive assembly work at the system level by 34%. Automation of transportation reduced transport labour by 63%. The strategic decision to implement line-transportation was found to increase movement repetitiveness for operators at manual assembly stations, even though workstations were constructed with consideration to ergonomics. Average shoulder elevation at these stations increased 30% and average shoulder moment increased 14%. It is concluded that strategic decisions made by designers and managers early in the production system design phase have considerable impact on ergonomic conditions in the resulting system. Automation of transport and assembly both lead to increased productivity, but only elements related to the automatic line system also increased mechanical loads on operators and hence increased the risk for work-related disorders. Suggestions for integrating the consideration of ergonomics into production system design are made.
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