| 11. |
- Da Silva, A. F., et al.
(författare)
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Electronic and optical properties of TiO2
- 2005
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electronic and optical properties of the rutile titanium dioxide compound have been investigated experimentally by absorption measurements and theoretically by a full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FPLAPW) method within the local density approximation (LDA). The thin films for the absorption measurements were prepared by DC magnetron sputtering. The theoretical results for the absorption compared qualitatively well with the experimental findings. The dielectric functions and band-structure have also been calculated, and the LDA band-gap energy is corrected by an on-site Coulomb potential.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Grdic, D, et al.
(författare)
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Splenic marginal zone dendritic cells mediate the cholera toxin adjuvant effect : Dependence on the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of the holotoxin
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Immunology. - 0022-1767 .- 1550-6606. ; 175:8, s. 5192-5202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The in vivo mechanisms of action of most vaccine adjuvants are poorly understood. In this study, we present data in mice that reveal a series of critical interactions between the cholera toxin (CT) adjuvant and the dendritic cells (DC) of the splenic marginal zone (MZ) that lead to effective priming of an immune response. For the first time, we have followed adjuvant targeting of MZ DC in vivo. We used CT-conjugated OVA and found that the Ag selectively accumulated in MZ DC following i.v. injections. The uptake of Ag into DC was GM1 ganglioside receptor dependent and mediated by the B subunit of CT (CTB). The targeted MZ DC were quite unique in their phenotype: CD11c(+), CD8 alpha(-), CD11b(-), B220(-), and expressing intermediate or low levels of MHC class II and DEC205. Whereas CTB only delivered the Ag to MZ DC, the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of CT was required for the maturation and migration of DC to the T cell zone, where these cells distinctly up-regulated CD86, but not CD80. This interaction appeared to instruct Ag-specific CD4(+) T cells to move into the B cell follicle and strongly support germinal center formations. These events may explain why CT-conjugated Ag is substantially more immunogenic than Ag admixed with soluble CT and why CTB-conjugated Ag can tolerize immune responses when given orally or at other mucosal sites.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Klevmarken, N. Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Simulating the future of the Swedish baby-boom generations
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- For the purpose of studying the consequences of the ageing of the Swedish population a group of scientists have enlarged the microsimulation model SESIM - originally developed at the Swedish Ministry of Finance - with modules that simulate health status, take up of sickness benefits, retirement, the utilization of health care and social care and the dynamics of the income and wealth distributions. This paper motivates and reviews the structure of these modules with a focus on problems and solutions. It also summarizes the main results of the simulations. A complete description of the models and results are forthcoming in a volume included in the Elsevier series Contributions to Economic Analysis.
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| 16. |
- Kobelt, G, et al.
(författare)
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Costs and quality of life of multiple sclerosis in Germany
- 2006
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Ingår i: The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1618-7598. ; 7 Suppl 2, s. S34-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Lindgren, N. Johan V., 1980-
(författare)
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Expanding the Amino Acid Alphabet by Design : Enhanced and Controlled Catalytic Activity in Folded Polypeptide Catalysts
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis addresses structure and reactivity of polypeptide catalysts in reactions that mimic the hydrolysis of RNA and DNA. A designed helix-loop-helix motif was used as a scaffold where the amino acid residues were systematically varied. The reactivity of a previously reported catalyst, HNI, was evaluated and the catalytic residues of the active site, Arg and His, were replaced in a stepwise manner by the artificial amino acid Gcp. Gcp has a guanidinocarbonyl pyrrole side chain, i.e. a side chain that mimics that of Arg but with a lower pKa. Gcp was used to replace both histidine and arginine in the polypeptide catalysts and was able to bind phosphate as well as carry out general base catalysis. The parent polypeptide HNI was shown to catalyse phosphoryl transfer reactions of phosphodiesters in an active site with two His and two Arg residues. The performance of the active site was improved by the introduction of two Tyr residues to form the catalyst HJ1 designed to provide nucleophilic catalysis in the hydrolysis of DNA model substrates. To improve the catalytic activity beyond that of HJI, Gcp was introduced to replace Arg and His residues in the HN1 scaffold. The designed catalyst JL3 was capable of a 150-fold rate enhancement compared to HNI in the reaction of the substrate HPNP, representing the first step in RNA hydrolysis. Mechanistic studies of JL3 catalysis suggested that the pKa value of the Gcp residue in the folded polypeptides was around 5. In combination with the observation of a solvent kinetic isotope effect of 1.7 the Gcp residue was proposed to provide general base catalysis and transition state stabilisation in the reaction of uridine 3′-2,2,2-trichloroethylphosphate, a realistic RNA model with a leaving group pKa of 12.5. The JL3 polypeptide catalyst followed saturation kinetics with a kcat/KM of 1.08 x 10-3 M-1s-1. The introduction of a designed photoswitchable amino acid in a catalytic polypeptide allowed the activity of the polypeptide in the reaction with an activated ester to be under photochemical control. Photoisomerization of this switch altered the structure of the polypeptide and affected the catalytic activity of the polypeptide catalyst. The chemical synthesis of designed molecules expands the amino acid alphabet and makes it possible to downsize enzymatic functions. It opens up possibilities for the production of novel biocatalysts that can catalyse natural as well as non-natural reactions.
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