| 11. |
- Normann, Anne, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of color, shape and damages on consumer preferences and perceived sensory attributes on sub-optimal apples
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sustainable food production and consumption are key elements today. About one third of food produced for human consumption is wasted. Consumers are responsible for the largest amount of food waste throughout the supply chain; part of this is indirect by e.g. discarding food products already in the store. The unwillingness to purchase and consume sub-optimal food products is thought to be an important cause of food waste; however, the reasons behind it are still insufficiently studied. Our research addresses the question of how combinations of color, shape and damage of apples influence consumer preferences and perceived sensory attributes. Based on a cubic design of visual appearance (color (red-to-green); shape (normal-to-odd); damage (none-to-damage) with a total of eight combinations ranging from optimal to suboptimal in all three dimensions, a total of 130 participants (68% women and 32% men), participated in a laboratory study where an image for each apple type from the design was presented in a blind tasting session (peeled and sliced apples). Sensory perception was evaluated by thirteen flavor and texture attributes on a 7-point scale. Liking was evaluated on a 7-point hedonic scale. The results showed a significant difference between the optimal apple and apples with shape and damage imperfections. Further, the optimal apple was perceived sweeter, crispier and less bitter than all other apples. The optimal apple had higher liking score, significantly different from the apples which all had a sub-optimal shape. This means that an odd shape had a negative effect on liking. A linear regression analysis showed that odd shaped apples were perceived as mainly earthy and bitter. Hence, visual sub-optimality, even presented to consumers in images, have an effect on how an apple is perceived and liked where an odd shape has larger negative impact than color and damage.
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| 12. |
- Normann, Anne, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainable fruit consumption : The influence of color, shape and damage on consumer sensory perception and liking of different apples
- 2019
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 11:17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sustainable food production and consumption are currently key issues. About one third of food produced for human consumption is wasted. In developed countries, consumers are responsible for the largest amount of food waste throughout the supply chain. The unwillingness to purchase and consume suboptimal food products is an important cause of food waste, however, the reasons behind this are still insufficiently studied. Our research addresses the question of how combinations of color, shape and damage of apples influence consumer liking and perceived sensory attributes. In a laboratory study based on factorial design of visual appearance (color, shape and damage varied from optimal to suboptimal) a total of 130 consumers evaluated sensory perception of flavor and texture attributes in apple samples. Liking was also evaluated. The results showed a significant difference in liking between an optimal apple and all apple categories with at least two out of three suboptimal properties. Further, it was a clear trend that the optimal apple was perceived as sweeter, crispier, less bitter, and less earthy than all the other apples by the participating consumers, however, the results were not statistically significant. A suboptimal appearance, therefore, had a negative effect on both perception and liking..
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| 13. |
- Röding, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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A Highly Accurate Pixel-Based FRAP Model Based on Spectral-Domain Numerical Methods
- 2019
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Ingår i: Biophysical Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3495 .- 1542-0086. ; 116:7, s. 1348-1361
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We introduce a new, to our knowledge, numerical model based on spectral methods for analysis of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching data. The model covers pure diffusion and diffusion and binding (reaction-diffusion) with immobile binding sites, as well as arbitrary bleach region shapes. Fitting of the model is supported using both conventional recovery-curve-based estimation and pixel-based estimation, in which all individual pixels in the data are utilized. The model explicitly accounts for multiple bleach frames, diffusion (and binding) during bleaching, and bleaching during imaging. To our knowledge, no other fluorescence recovery after photobleaching framework incorporates all these model features and estimation methods. We thoroughly validate the model by comparison to stochastic simulations of particle dynamics and find it to be highly accurate. We perform simulation studies to compare recovery-curve-based estimation and pixel-based estimation in realistic settings and show that pixel-based estimation is the better method for parameter estimation as well as for distinguishing pure diffusion from diffusion and binding. We show that accounting for multiple bleach frames is important and that the effect of neglecting this is qualitatively different for the two estimation methods. We perform a simple experimental validation showing that pixel-based estimation provides better agreement with literature values than recovery-curve-based estimation and that accounting for multiple bleach frames improves the result. Further, the software developed in this work is freely available online.
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| 14. |
- Röding, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Approximate Bayesian computation for estimating number concentrations of monodisperse nanoparticles in suspension by optical microscopy
- 2016
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Ingår i: Physical Review E. Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics. - 1539-3755 .- 1550-2376. ; 93:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present an approximate Bayesian computation scheme for estimating number concentrations of monodisperse diffusing nanoparticles in suspension by optical particle tracking microscopy. The method is based on the probability distribution of the time spent by a particle inside a detection region. We validate the method on suspensions of well-controlled reference particles. We illustrate its usefulness with an application in gene therapy, applying the method to estimate number concentrations of plasmid DNA molecules and the average number of DNA molecules complexed with liposomal drug delivery particles.
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| 15. |
- Röding, Magnus, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Computational high-throughput screening of fluid permeability in heterogeneous fiber materials
- 2016
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Ingår i: Soft Matter. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1744-6848 .- 1744-683X. ; 12:29, s. 6293-6299
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We explore computational high-throughput screening as a design strategy for heterogeneous, isotropic fiber materials. Fluid permeability, a key property in the design of soft porous materials, is systematically studied using a multi-scale lattice Boltzmann framework. After characterizing microscopic permeability as a function of solid volume fraction in the microstructure, we perform high-throughput computational screening of in excess of 35 000 macrostructures consisting of a continuous bulk interrupted by spherical/elliptical domains with either lower or higher microscopic permeability (hence with two distinct microscopic solid volume fractions and therefore two distinct microscopic permeabilities) to assess which parameters determine macroscopic permeability for a fixed average solid volume fraction. We conclude that the fractions of bulk and domains and the distribution of solid volume fraction between them are the primary determinants of macroscopic permeability, and that a substantial increase in permeability compared to the corresponding homogenous material is attainable.
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| 16. |
- Röding, Magnus, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Computational Screening of Diffusive Transport in Nanoplatelet-Filled Composites: Use of Graphene to Enhance Polymer Barrier Properties
- 2018
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Nano Materials. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2574-0970. ; 1:1, s. 160-167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Motivated by the substantial interest in various fillers to enhance the barrier properties of polymeric films, especially graphene derivatives, we perform a computational screening of obstructed diffusion to explore the design parameter space of nanoplatelet-filled composites synthesized in silico. As a model for the nanoplatelets, we use circular and elliptical nonoverlapping and impermeable flat disks, and diffusion is stochastically simulated using a random-walk model, from which the effective diffusivity is calculated. On the basis of 4000 generated structures and diffusion simulations, we systematically investigate the impact of different nanoplatelet characteristics such as orientation, layering, size, polydispersity, shape, and amount. We conclude that the orientation, size, and amount of nanoplatelets are the most important parameters and show that using nanoplatelets oriented perpendicular to the diffusion direction, under reasonable assumptions, with approximately 0.2% (w/w) graphene, we can reach 90% reduction and, with approximately 1% (w/w) graphene, we can reach 99% reduction in diffusivity, purely because of geometrical effects, in a defect-free matrix with perfect compatibility. Additionally, our results suggest that the existing analytical models have some difficulty with extremely large aspect ratio (extremely flat) nanoplatelets, which calls for further development.
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| 17. |
- Röding, Magnus
(författare)
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Effective diffusivity in lattices of impermeable superballs
- 2018
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Ingår i: Physical Review E. Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics. - 1063-651X .- 1095-3787. ; 98:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Granular materials constitute a broad class of two-phase media with discrete, solid par-ticles i.e. granules surrounded by a continuous void phase. They have properties that arekey for e.g. separation and chromatography columns, cathode materials for batteries, andpharmaceutical coatings for controlled release. Controlling mass transport properties suchas effective diffusivity is crucial for these applications and the subject of targeted designand optimization. The prototypical granule is a sphere, but current manufacturingtechniques allow for more complicated shapes to be produced in a highly controlled manner,including ellipsoids, cubes, and cubes with rounded edges and corners. The impactof shape for self-assembly, phase transitions, crystallization, and random close packing hasalso been studied for these shapes
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| 18. |
- Röding, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Functional regression-based fluid permeability prediction in monodisperse sphere packings from isotropic two-point correlation functions
- 2017
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Ingår i: Computational materials science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-0256 .- 1879-0801. ; 134, s. 126-131
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study fluid permeability in random sphere packings consisting of impermeable monodisperse hard spheres. Several different pseudo-potential models are used to obtain varying degrees of microstructural heterogeneity. Systematically varying solid volume fraction and degree of heterogeneity, virtual screening of more than 10,000 material structures is performed, simulating fluid flow using a lattice Boltzmann framework and computing the permeability. We develop a well-performing functional regression model for permeability prediction based on using isotropic two-point correlation functions as microstructural descriptors. The performance is good over a large range of solid volume fractions and degrees of heterogeneity, and to our knowledge this is the first attempt at using two-point correlation functions as functional predictors in a nonparametric statistics/machine learning context for permeability prediction.
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| 19. |
- Röding, Magnus, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Massively parallel approximate Bayesian computation for estimating nanoparticle diffusion coefficients, sizes and concentrations using confocal laser scanning microscopy
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Microscopy. - : Wiley. - 1365-2818 .- 0022-2720. ; 271:2, s. 174-182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We implement a massively parallel population Monte Carlo approximate Bayesian computation (PMC‐ABC) method for estimating diffusion coefficients, sizes and concentrations of diffusing nanoparticles in liquid suspension using confocal laser scanning microscopy and particle tracking. The method is based on the joint probability distribution of diffusion coefficients and the time spent by a particle inside a detection region where particles are tracked. We present freely available central processing unit (CPU) and graphics processing unit (GPU) versions of the analysis software, and we apply the method to characterize mono‐ and bidisperse samples of fluorescent polystyrene beads.
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| 20. |
- Röding, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Microstructure of a granular amorphous silica ceramic synthesized by spark plasma sintering
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Microscopy. - : Wiley. - 0022-2720 .- 1365-2818. ; 264:3, s. 298-303
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the microstructure of a granular amorphous silica ceramic material synthesized by spark plasma sintering. Using monodisperse spherical silica particles as precursor, spark plasma sintering yields a dense granular material with distinct granule boundaries. We use selective etching to obtain nanoscopic pores along the granule borders. We interrogate this highly interesting material structure by combining scanning electron microscopy, X-ray computed nanotomography and simulations based on random close packed spherical particles. We determine the degree of anisotropy caused by the uni-axial force applied during sintering, and our analysis shows that our synthesis method provides a means to avoid significant granule growth and to fabricate a material with well-controlled microstructure.
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