| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Beylich, A. A., et al.
(författare)
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Intensity and spatio-temporal variability of fluvial sediment transfers in an Arctic-oceanic periglacial environment in northernmost Swedish Lapland (Latnjavagge catchment)
- 2006
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Ingår i: Geomorphology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-555X. ; 80:1-2, s. 114-130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intensity and spatio-temporal variability of fluvial sediment transfers and mechanical fluvial denudation were analyzed in the periglacial Latnjavagge catchment (9 km(2); 950-1440 m a.s.l.; 68.20N, 18.30E) in Arctic-oceanic northernmost Swedish Lapland. The present-day rates of fluvial sediment transfer are low. The mean annual mechanical fluvial denudation rate at the inlet of lake Latnjajaure, as calculated after five years of process monitoring (2000-2004), and excluding a "rare rainfall event" which caused 3.2 times higher suspended sediment transport during one day as compared to the total mean annual suspended sediment transport, is 2.3 t km(-2) yr(-1). In years without "rare rainfall events", most of the total annual sediment load is transported in a. few days during annual snowmelt runoff. In the calculation of longer-term sediment budgets, rare rainfall events like the July 20th-21 st, 2004 event have to be considered as essential components. Reliable estimation of the recurrence intervals of such events is problematic. The pattern of ice patches and snow fields within the valley, the steepness of streams and channels and the location of areas showing slushflow activity are the major factors,controlling spatial variability of mechanical fluvial denudation in the drainage basin. The five lakes in Latnjavagge, especially lake Latnjajaure, are significant sediment traps and ground below 1300 m a.s.l. is protected by a very stable and closed vegetation cover and rhizosphere across the entire lower catchment. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 13. |
- Dai, Y, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of an interferon-gamma gene dinucleotide-repeat polymorphism in Nordic multiple sclerosis patients
- 2001
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Ingår i: Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England). - : SAGE Publications. - 1352-4585 .- 1477-0970. ; 7:3, s. 157-163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The proinflammatory cytokine interferon (IFN)-γ has been shown to influence the course of multiple sclerosis (MS). The IFN-γ (IFNG) contains a multiallelic dinucleotide repeat in intron l. To investigate whether alleles at this locus influence susceptibility to MS, we performed linkage and familial association analyses on 100 sibling pairs from four Nordic countries, and case-control association analysis on 220 intermediately disabled sporadic MS patients and 266 controls. To determine the effect of the polymorphism on disease outcome, we compared genotype frequencies in the most and least disabled octiles of a total cohort of 913 cases. We also measured IFN-γ mRNA levels in unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 46 MS patients and 27 controls grouped according to IFNG intron l genotype. Both nonparametric linkage analysis and transmission disequilibrium testing of the 100 sibling pairs produced negative results. Genotype frequencies for intermediate-MS patients did not differ significantly from those for controls; nor did genotype frequencies in the benign-MS octile differ significantly from those in the severe-MS octile. Comparison of IFN-γ mRNA levels in genotype-conditioned subgroups revealed no significant differences. Thus, alleles at the IFNG intron l dinucleotide repeat appear to affect neither MS susceptibility and severity nor IFN-γ mRNA expression in vivo.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Ericson, Marica, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Photodynamic therapy of actinic keratosis at varying fluence rates : Assessment of photobleaching, pain and primary clinical outcome
- 2004
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Ingår i: British Journal of Dermatology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0007-0963 .- 1365-2133. ; 151, s. 1204-1212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Although photodynamic therapy (PDT) is becoming an important treatment method for skin lesions such as actinic keratosis (AK) and superficial basal cell carcinoma, there are still discussions about which fluence rate and light dose are preferable. Recent studies in rodents have shown that a low fluence rate is preferable due to depletion of oxygen at high fluence rates. However, these results have not yet been verified in humans. Objectives: The objective was to investigate the impact of fluence rate and spectral range on primary treatment outcome and bleaching rate in AK using aminolaevulinic acid PDT. In addition, the pain experienced by the patients has been monitored during treatment. Patients/methods Thirty-seven patients (mean age 71 years) with AK located on the head, neck and upper chest were treated with PDT, randomly allocated to four groups: two groups with narrow filter (580-650 nm) and fluence rates of 30 or 45 mW cm-2, and two groups with broad filter (580-690 nm) and fluence rates of 50 or 75 mW cm-2. The total cumulative light dose was 100 J cm-2 in all treatments. Photobleaching was monitored by fluorescence imaging, and pain experienced by the patients was registered by using a visual analogue scale graded from 0 (no pain) to 10 (unbearable pain). The primary treatment outcome was evaluated at a follow-up visit after 7 weeks. Results: Our data showed a significant correlation between fluence rate and initial treatment outcome, where lower fluence rate resulted in favourable treatment response. Moreover, the photo-bleaching dose (1/e) was found to be related to fluence rate, ranging from 4.5 ± 1.0 J cm -2 at 30 mW cm-2, to 7.3 ± 0.7 J cm-2 at 75 mW cm-2, indicating higher oxygen levels in tissue at lower fluence rates. After a cumulative light dose of 40 J cm-2 no further photobleaching took place, implying that higher doses are excessive. No significant difference in pain experienced by the patients during PDT was observed in varying the fluence rate from 30 to 75 mW cm-2. However, the pain was found to be most intense up to a cumulative light dose of 20 J cm-2. Conclusions: Our results imply that the photobleaching rate and primary treatment outcome are dependent on fluence rate, and that a low fluence rate (30 mW cm-2) seems preferable when performing PDT of AK using noncoherent light sources.
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| 16. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Isaksson, M., et al.
(författare)
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Determination of the retention of 47Ca by whole-body counting
- 2000
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Ingår i: Applied Radiation and Isotopes. - 0969-8043 .- 1872-9800. ; 52:6, s. 1441-1450
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Retention of intravenously or orally administered 47Ca in the human body are described by a two-parameter function. It is then sufficient to make only a few whole-body measurements to determine the retention function, avoiding faeces sampling and stool markers. Seven days after intake the non-absorbed calcium was excreted and the model agreed with the measured relative retention. Absorption of calcium could then, in some cases (e.g. comparative studies), be described by relative retention at the 7th day after intake. Copyright (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.
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| 20. |
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