| 11. |
- Theodorsson, Annette, et al.
(författare)
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Modern anesthesia and peroperative monitoring methods reduce per- and postoperative mortality during transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in rats
- 2005
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Ingår i: Brain Research Protocols. - : Elsevier BV. - 1385-299X .- 1872-809X. ; 14:3, s. 181-190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mortality and morbidity during and after occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in rats are important confounding factors which may be minimized by improved anesthesia and peroperative monitoring techniques. We describe state of the art techniques for inducing anesthesia, endotracheal intubation, ventilation and monitoring peroperatively in this context. Introducing the subtemporal approach of Tamura et al. in our laboratory 5 years ago, we experienced 25% peroperative and 24 h postoperative rat mortality when performing temporary clipping of the middle cerebral artery. This prompted us to abandon intraperitoneal anesthesia by chloral hydrate and ventilation by tracheotomy in favor of endotracheal intubation and isoflurane anesthesia (1% isoflurane in 30%:70% O2/N2O). These anesthetic techniques in combination with improved surgical skills have reduced our initial 25% peroperative- and 24 h postoperative mortality to 2.7% (1.8% peroperatively and 0.9% 24 h postoperatively). Furthermore, the following 14 days postoperative mortality rate was 1.8%. A total number of 203 rats have been operated with this method in different studies where a focal reperfusion stroke model combined with extended periods of observations were the cornerstone.
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| 12. |
- Theodorsson, Annette, et al.
(författare)
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Serum concentrations of 17β-estradiol in ovariectomized rats during 2 times 6 weeks crossover treatment by daily injections in comparison with slow-release pellets
- 2005
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7686 .- 0036-5513. ; 65:8, s. 699-706
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Estrogens exert widespread biological functions that reach far beyond their well-known role in reproduction. Exogenous administration of 17β-estradiol to ovariectomized experimental animals is of the utmost importance in elucidating its mechanisms of action. In the present study, we compared two different modes of exogenous administration of 17β-estradiol to ovariectomized rats in relation to the serum 17β-estradiol concentrations over prolonged periods of time. 17β-estradiol was administered either by slow-release pellets (Innovative Research of America, Sarasota, Fl. 34236, USA, 90-day release, NHH-115, 1.5 mg) or by daily subcutaneous injections of 15 µg 17β-estradiol dissolved in sesame oil. After 6 weeks, the mode of administration of estradiol was changed to the opposite method and continued for a further 6 weeks. Blood samples for measurement of serum 17β-estradiol were taken every second week. After 2 weeks, the serum concentrations of 17β-estradiol in group A initially receiving the pellets were 73 % higher (p<0.001) compared to those of group B receiving daily injections. The difference was even more prominent, 580 % (p<0.001), after 4 weeks. Steady state was reached at week 6 in group A, but already by week 4 in group B. Once steady state was reached, the concentrations were the same in both groups for the remainder of the experiment (12 weeks in total). Our study indicates that steady-state concentrations of 17β-estradiol occur 5-6 weeks later than the 48 h the manufacturer of the slow-release pellets claims.
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| 13. |
- Barklin, Anne, et al.
(författare)
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Alteration of Neuropeptides in the Lung Tissue Correlates Brain Death-Induced Neurogenic Edema
- 2009
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF HEART AND LUNG TRANSPLANTATION. - : Elsevier BV. - 1053-2498 .- 1557-3117. ; 28:7, s. 725-732
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: increased intracranial pressure induces neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE), potentially explaining why only lungs from less than 20% of brain dead organ donors can be used for transplantation. This study investigated the underlying mechanisms of NPE, focusing on neuropeptides, which potently induce vasoconstriction, vasodilatation, and neurogenic inflammation. Methods: Brain death was induced in 10 pigs by increasing the intracranial pressure. Eight additional pigs served as controls. Neuropeptide Y (NPY), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and substance P were analyzed in plasma, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and homogenized lung tissue 6 hours after brain death. Pulmonary oxygen exchange was estimated using partial pressure of arterial oxygen (Pao(2))/fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2), and pulmonary edema by wet/dry weight ratio. Results: Brain death induced a decrease in PaO2/FIO2 (P less than 0.001) and increased the wet/dry weight of both apical (p = 0.01) and basal lobes (p = 0.03). NPY and CGRP concentrations were higher in the BAL fluid of brain-dead animals compared with controls (p = 0.02 and p = 0.02) and were positively correlated with the wet/dry weight ratio. NPY content in lung tissue was lower in brain-dead animals compared with controls (p = 0.04) and was negatively correlated with the wet/dry weight ratio. There were no differences in substance P concentrations between the groups. Conclusion: NPY was released from the lung tissue of brain-dead pigs, and its concentration was related to the extent of pulmonary edema. NPY may be one of several crucial mediators of neurogenic pulmonary edema, raising the possibility of treatment with NPY-antagonists to increase the number of available lung donors.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Bergdahl, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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In the Forefront of Development:The New Undergraduate Medical Curriculu
- 2006. - 1
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Ingår i: Celebrating the Past by Expanding the Future: The Faculty of Health Science, Linköping University 1986–2006. - Linköping : Linköping University Electronic Press. - 9185643076 ; , s. 98-102
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Bjerner, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Non-parametric estimation of reference intervals in small non-Gaussian sample sets
- 2009
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Ingår i: ACCREDITATION AND QUALITY ASSURANCE. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0949-1775 .- 1432-0517. ; 14:4, s. 185-192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed at validating common bootstrap algorithms for reference interval calculation.We simulated 1500 random sets of 50-120 results originating from eight different statistical distributions. In total, 97.5 percentile reference limits were estimated from bootstrapping 5000 replicates, with confidence limits obtained by: (a) normal, (b) from standard error, (c) bootstrap percentile (as in RefVal) (d) BCa, (e) basic, or (f) student methods. Reference interval estimates obtained with ordinary bootstrapping and confidence intervals by percentile method were accurate for distributions close to normality and devoid of outliers, but not for log-normal distributions with outliers. Outlier removal and transformation to normality improved reference interval estimation, and the basic method was superior in such cases. In conclusions, if the neighborhood of the relevant percentile contains non-normally distributed results, bootstrapping fails. The distribution of bootstrap estimates should be plotted, and a non-normal distribution should warrant transformation or outlier removal.
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| 18. |
- Borud, Einar Kristian, et al.
(författare)
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The Acupuncture on Hot Flushes Among Menopausal Women (ACUFLASH) study, a randomized controlled trial
- 2009
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Ingår i: MENOPAUSE-THE JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN MENOPAUSE SOCIETY. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1072-3714. ; 16:3, s. 484-493
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This study compared the effectiveness of individualized acupuncture plus self-care versus self-care alone on hot flashes and health-related quality of life in postmenopausal women. Methods: This study involved a multicenter, pragmatic, randomized, controlled trial with two parallel arms. Participants were postmenopausal women experiencing, on average, seven or more hot flashes per 24 hours during seven consecutive days. The acupuncture group received 10 acupuncture treatment sessions and advice on self-care, and the control group received advice on self-care only. The frequency and severity (0-10 scale) of hot flashes were registered in a diary. Urine excretion of calcitonin gene-related peptide was assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was change in mean hot flash frequency from baseline to 12 weeks. The secondary endpoint was change in health-related quality of life measured by the Womens Health Questionnaire. Results: Hot flash frequency decreased by 5.8 per 24 hours in the acupuncture group (n = 134) and 3.7 per 24 hours in the control group (n = 133), a difference of 2.1 (P < 0.001). Hot flash intensity decreased by 3.2 units in the acupuncture group and 1.8 units in the control group, a difference of 1.4 (P < 0.001). The acupuncture group experienced statistically significant improvements in the vasomotor, sleep, and somatic symptoms dimensions of the Womens Health Questionnaire compared with the control group. Urine calcitonin gene-related peptide excretion remained unchanged from baseline to week 12. Conclusions: Acupuncture plus self-care can contribute to a clinically relevant reduction in hot flashes and increased health-related quality of life in postmenopausal women.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- El-Nour, H, et al.
(författare)
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Study of innervation, sensory neuropeptides, and serotonin in murine contact allergic skin
- 2005
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Ingår i: Immunopharmacology and immunotoxicology. - 0892-3973 .- 1532-2513. ; 27:1, s. 67-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Density of nerve fibers, axonal growth, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and substance P, and serotonin immunoreactivity as well as concentration were all determined in a murine model of contact allergy. Female Balb/c mice were sensitized on the back with oxazolone and 6 days later challenged with the same antigen on the dorsal surface of the ears, while control mice received the vehicle only. Then, 24 hr postchallenge, one ear was processed for immunohistochemical staining, while the other was frozen and processed for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry or radioimmunoassay (RIA). Protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) positive nerve fibers showed a tendency to increase in inflamed ears versus control ears in epidermis as well as the dermis. Growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) positive fibers in the epidermis were increased (p < .01) in inflamed ears, compared with control ears, as was the case for the dermal fibers, indicating increased axonal growth. Total (epidermis and dermis) numbers of CGRP and substance P positive nerve fibers tended to increase in the inflamed skin in contrast to control skin. In contrast, RIA demonstrated a lower (p < .05) concentration of CGRP in the inflamed ears compared with controls and a tendency for substance P to decrease in concentration in eczematous ears versus controls. There was no difference in serotonin concentration, or in the number of serotonin positive mast cells, between the inflamed and control skin, whereas semiquantification of serotonin positive platelets showed an increase in the inflamed (++) compared with control ears (+). Our results indicate that 24 hr after being challenged with the antigen, at the peak of murine skin inflammation, axonal growth, sensory neuropeptides, as well as serotonin may be involved. Copyright © 2005 Taylor & Francis Inc.
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