| 11. |
- Larsson, Johan P., et al.
(författare)
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Independent by necessity? The life satisfaction of necessity and opportunity entrepreneurs in 70 countries
- 2019
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Ingår i: Small Business Economics. - : Springer. - 0921-898X .- 1573-0913. ; 53:4, s. 921-934
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relationship between self-employment and subjective well-being (SWB) is contingent on the heterogeneity observed among entrepreneurs. We argue that independence and job control, two commonly suggested sources of entrepreneurs’ higher SWB, are likely to disproportionately benefit opportunity entrepreneurs who were pulled into their occupation choice. A review of the psychological literature on the determinants of well-being further supports the view that more dynamic and impactful entrepreneurship should lead to higher SWB. Analysis of Global Entrepreneurship Monitor data from 70 countries (N = 111,589) confirm this proposition. We show that entrepreneurs, all else equal, rate their life satisfaction substantially higher than employees and, further, that this effect is entirely driven by opportunity entrepreneurs.
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| 12. |
- Pramling, Niklas, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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The Magical Fruits: Establishing a Narrative Play Frame for Mutual Problem Solving
- 2019
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Ingår i: Play-Responsive Teaching in Early Childhood Education. - Cham : Springer. - 2468-8746. - 9783030159580 ; , s. 137-151
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this chapter, we analyze a prolonged activity from initiation to conclusion, focusing on (i) how the teacher establishes a narrative, imaginary, frame for the activity, (ii) how children participate and contribute to this activity, (iii) what didaktikal challenges are actualized and what support the children are given in the activity, including what contents are constituted, and (iv) what the implications of the activity are for children’s development. © 2019, The Author(s).
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| 13. |
- Stenmark, Bianca, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Complete genome and methylome comparison of two Neisseria meningitidis serogroup Y subtypes
- 2017
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Ingår i: 2nd ASM Conference on Rapid Applied Microbial Next-Generation Sequencing and Bioinformatic Pipelines. - Washington, DC : American Society for Microbiology. ; , s. 32-33
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: A significant increase in invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) due to serogroup Y Neisseria meningitidis (MenY) strains emerged in the United States during the 1990s spreading to Europe shortly thereafter. The largest increase was observed in Sweden with incidence proportions up to 53%. cgMLST of all MenY isolates causing IMD between 1995 to 2012 in Sweden revealed that a distinct strain (YI) and more specifically a subtype (1) of this strain was found to be responsible for the increase of MenY IMD in Sweden [1]. The aim was to compare the complete genome and methylome of subtype 1 to the less successful subtype 2 using Single Molecule Real-Time (SMRT) sequencing technology.Methods: Ten genomes belonging to subtype 1 (n=7) and 2 (n=3) and one MenY genome without connection to a specific strain were sequenced using SMRT sequencing on a PacBio®RS II. SMRT Portal v2 was used to identify modified positions and for the genome-wide analysis of modified motifs. DNA methyltransferase genes associated with the different methyltransferase recognition motifs identified were searched using the Restriction Enzyme Database REBASE (rebase.neb.com).Results: Genomic comparison of the two MenY subtypes revealed that these possessed highly similar genomes, only two genes encoding hypothetical proteins were present in subtype 2 but absent in subtype 1. There were 99 genes with allelic differences and non-synonymous differences were found in genes implicated in adhesion, lipooligosaccharides (LOS) production, pilin production and iron acquisition. The genome-wide analysis of the methylome identified three modified motifs: GATC, GGNNCC and CACNNNNNTAC, the latter was only found in isolates belonging to subtype 2 and a trans-posase was found inserted in the candidate enzyme: a type I restriction system specificity protein (NEIS2535). In general, modifications were found in both cytosine and adenine bases although the latter, 6mA, was the most frequent modification in all isolates and more predominant among subtype 2. Many inactive restriction modification systems were present; however, in order to reveal more active sys-tems, further analysis on 5mC is needed.Conclusion: Our preliminary results indicate that there is a difference in methylation motifs as well as positional distribution of modifications between the two MenY subtypes. Since no differences were found in the presence of genes potentially involved in pathogenicity between the two subtypes, and it has been previously established that there was rather a tendency of a milder clinical picture among IMD caused by subtype 1 [2], the emergence of subtype 1 was most probably due to increased transmission or that the human population was more immunologically naïve to this subtype.References: 1. Törös B et al. J Clin Microbiol 2015, 53(7):2154-2162. 2. Säll O et al.Epidemiol Infect 2017, 145(10):2137-2143.
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| 14. |
- Söderquist, Pär, et al.
(författare)
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Admixture between released and wild game birds: a changing genetic landscape in European mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Biophysics Journal. - : Springer Verlag. - 0175-7571 .- 1432-1017. ; 63:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Disruption of naturally evolved spatial patterns of genetic variation and local adaptations is a growing concern in wildlife management and conservation. During the last decade, releases of native taxa with potentially non-native genotypes have received increased attention. This has mostly concerned conservation programs, but releases are also widely carried out to boost harvest opportunities. The mallard, Anas platyrhynchos, is one of few terrestrial migratory vertebrates subjected to large-scale releases for hunting purposes. It is the most numerous and widespread duck in the world, yet each year more than three million farmed mallard ducklings are released into the wild in the European Union alone to increase the harvestable population. This study aimed to determine the genetic effects of such large-scale releases of a native species, specifically if wild and released farmed mallards differ genetically among subpopulations in Europe, if there are signs of admixture between the two groups, if the genetic structure of the wild mallard population has changed since large-scale releases began in the 1970s, and if the current data matches global patterns across the Northern hemisphere. We used Bayesian clustering (Structure software) and Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components (DAPC) to analyze the genetic structure of historical and present-day wild (n = 171 and n = 209, respectively) as well as farmed (n = 211) mallards from six European countries as inferred by 360 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Both methods showed a clear genetic differentiation between wild and farmed mallards. Admixed individuals were found in the present-day wild population, implicating introgression of farmed genotypes into wild mallards despite low survival among released farmed mallards. Such cryptic introgression would alter the genetic composition of wild populations and may have unknown long-term consequences for conservation.
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| 15. |
- Thulin, Mats, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Boswellia occulta (Burseraceae), a new species of frankincense tree from Somalia (Somaliland)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Phytotaxa. - : MAGNOLIA PRESS. - 1179-3155 .- 1179-3163. ; 394:3, s. 219-224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The new species Boswellia occulta is described from a small area in the Ceel Afweyn District of Somaliland (northwestern Somalia), where it is locally of considerable socio-economic importance. Although used for frankincense production by many generations of local harvesters, it has been unknown to science until now. Apart from the recently collected type material, it is also known from a sterile and hitherto misunderstood collection made in 1945. The simple-leaved Boswellia occulta is morphologically compared with B. sacra and B. frereana, the two major frankincense-producing species in the region, both with imparipinnate leaves, and it appears to be most closely related to B. sacra. The new species is the only simple-leaved species of Boswellia known outside Socotra.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Yang, Xiaoting, et al.
(författare)
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On the role of sidechain size and charge in the aggregation of Aβ42 with familial mutations
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424. ; 115:26, s. 5849-5858
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aggregation of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide is linked to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In particular, some point mutations within Aβ are associated with early-onset familial Alzheimer’s disease. Here we set out to explore how the physical properties of the altered side chains, including their sizes and charges, affect the molecular mechanisms of aggregation. We focus on Aβ42 with familial mutations—A21G (Flemish), E22K (Italian), E22G (Arctic), E22Q (Dutch), and D23N (Iowa)—which lead to similar or identical pathology with sporadic AD or severe cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Through global kinetic analysis, we find that for the E22K, E22G, E22Q, and D23N mutations, the acceleration of the overall aggregation originates primarily from the modulation of the nucleation processes, in particular secondary nucleation on the surface of existing fibrils, whereas the elongation process is not significantly affected. Remarkably, the D23 position appears to be responsible for most of the charge effects during nucleation, while the size of the side chain at the E22 position plays a more significant role than its charge. Thus, we have developed a kinetic approach to determine the nature and the magnitude of the contribution of specific residues to the rate of individual steps of the aggregation reaction, through targeted mutations and variations in ionic strength. This strategy can help rationalize the effect of some disease-related mutations as well as yield insights into the mechanism of aggregation and the transition states of the wild-type protein.
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