| 11. |
- Berg, Christina, 1963, et al.
(författare)
-
Trends in blood lipid levels, blood pressure, alcohol and smoking habits from 1985 to 2002: results from INTERGENE and GOT-MONICA.
- 2005
-
Ingår i: European journal of cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation : official journal of the European Society of Cardiology, Working Groups on Epidemiology & Prevention and Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology. - 1741-8267. ; 12:2, s. 115-25
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Favourable trends in cardiovascular disease have been observed in Sweden. The aim of this study was to study secular trends in a variety of cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS: Total-, low-density (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) serum cholesterol; serum triglycerides; systolic and diastolic blood pressure; self-reported smoking and alcohol consumption were studied in repeated cross-sectional surveys. Data from four population-based samples in Goteborg, Sweden were used-WHO MONICA project 1985, 1990 and 1995, and INTERGENE 2002. A total of 2931 females and 2691 males aged 25-64 consisting of 1021-1624 randomly selected subjects at each survey period participated. RESULTS: Serum cholesterol levels showed downward trends but the decline in both total- and LDL-cholesterol seems to be levelling off from 1995 and onwards. No significant changes were observed in serum triglyceride, HDL-serum cholesterol or blood pressure levels. The majority of the participants had higher total- and LDL-serum cholesterol levels than currently recommended. Antihypertensive medical treatment increased in women and the oldest men. The prevalence of smoking decreased from 39 to 25% in women and 35 to 20% in men respectively from 1985-2002. In contrast, the prevalence of subjects consuming strong beer and wine, respectively, at least once a week almost doubled from 1990-2002. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiovascular risk factor patterns change continuously and need to be monitored. The favourable trends in LDL-serum cholesterol and smoking in the Goteborg surveys were paralleled by less favourable trends in being overweight and alcohol consumption.
|
|
| 12. |
- Berg, Christina, 1963, et al.
(författare)
-
Trends in overweight and obesity from 1985 to 2002 in Göteborg, West Sweden.
- 2005
-
Ingår i: International journal of obesity (2005). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0307-0565 .- 1476-5497. ; 29:8, s. 916-24
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To study secular trends in overweight and selected correlates in men and women in Göteborg, Sweden. DESIGN: Cross-sequential population-based surveys. SUBJECTS: A total of 2931 female and 2691 male subjects aged 25-64 y participated in WHO MONICA surveys (1985, 1990, 1995) and the INTERGENE study (2002). MEASUREMENTS: Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), prevalence of overweight (BMI> or =25 kg/m(2)), and obesity (BMI> or =30 kg/m(2)). RESULTS: Mean body weight increased by 3.3 kg for women and 5 kg for men, with a significant upward trend for BMI in men but not women over the 17-y observation period. The prevalence of overweight and obesity increased significantly in both sexes over the period. The largest increase was observed in men, and in women aged 25-34 y. In 2002, the prevalence of overweight was 38% in women and 58% in men, and the prevalence of obesity was 11% in women and 15% in men. No significant secular trends were observed for WHR, but there was an upward trend in prevalence of WHR>0.85 in women. A decreased prevalence of smoking in both sexes was observed together with an increase in reported leisure time physical activity. No significant secular trends were observed in rates of self-reported diabetes, although the risk of diabetes attributable to obesity was 24%. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that 25-64-y-olds in the recent survey were more overweight and obese than earlier studied MONICA participants. The increase in BMI was more pronounced in men while abdominal obesity increased principally in women. Although obesity and overweight are clearly important risk factors for type 2 diabetes, the number of diabetics remains low and any secular increase is not yet apparent.
|
|
| 13. |
- Blanc, Paul D., et al.
(författare)
-
Occupation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic bronchitis: an update
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. - 1027-3719. ; 11:3, s. 251-7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This review critically evaluates the recent scientific literature relevant to occupational risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic bronchitis. The 2003 American Thoracic Society statement on the occupational contribution to the burden of airway disease synthesized relevant data on this topic through 1999. Since 2000, 14 separate studies have published values or provide data that allow estimation of the population attributable risk per cent (PAR%) for the proportion of chronic bronchitis or COPD due to work-related factors. Based on data since 2000, the median PAR% value for both chronic bronchitis and COPD is 15%. A number of additional studies have been published that underscore the association between specific occupational exposures and airflow obstruction. In addition, data are emerging that indicate the extent to which COPD is a cause of work disability; limited data raise the possibility that among those with occupational COPD, disability may be even more prominent. This review supports previous analyses concluding that there is a causal association between work-related exposures and COPD.
|
|
| 14. |
- Blanc, P D, et al.
(författare)
-
Occupational exposures and COPD: an ecological analysis of international data.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: The European respiratory journal : official journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 1399-3003. ; 33:2, s. 298-304
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The occupational contribution to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has yet to be put in a global perspective. In the present study, an ecological approach to this question was used, analysing group-level data from 90 sex-specific strata from 45 sites of the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease study, the Latin American Project for the Investigation of Obstructive Lung Disease and the European Community Respiratory Health Survey follow-up. These data were used to study the association between occupational exposures and COPD Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage II or above. Regression analysis of the sex-specific group-level prevalence rates of COPD at each site against the prevalence of occupational exposure and ever-smoking was performed, taking into account mean smoking pack-yrs and mean age by site, sex, study cohort and sample size. For the entire data set, the prevalence of exposures predicted COPD prevalence (0.8% increase in COPD prevalence per 10% increase in exposure prevalence). By comparison, for every 10% increase in the proportion of the ever-smoking population, the prevalence of COPD GOLD stage II or above increased by 1.3%. Given the observed median population COPD prevalence of 3.4%, the model predicted that a 20% relative reduction in the disease burden (i.e. to a COPD prevalence of 2.7%) could be achieved by a 5.4% reduction in overall smoking rates or an 8.8% reduction in the prevalence of occupational exposures. When the data set was analysed by sex-specific site data, among males, the occupational effect was a 0.8% COPD prevalence increase per 10% change in exposure prevalence; among females, a 1.0% increase in COPD per 10% change in exposure prevalence was observed. Within the limitations of an ecological analysis, these findings support a worldwide association between dusty trades and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease for both females and males, placing this within the context of the dominant role of cigarette smoking in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease causation.
|
|
| 15. |
- Franklin, Karl, et al.
(författare)
-
Early life environment and snoring in adulthood
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Respiratory Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-9921 .- 1465-993X. ; 9:1, s. 63-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: To our knowledge, no studies of the possible association of early life environment with snoring in adulthood have been published. We aimed to investigate whether early life environment is associated with snoring later in life. METHODS: A questionnaire including snoring frequency in adulthood and environmental factors in early life was obtained from 16,190 randomly selected men and women, aged 25-54 years, in Sweden, Norway, Iceland, Denmark and Estonia (response rate 74%). RESULTS: A total of 15,556 subjects answered the questions on snoring. Habitual snoring, defined as loud and disturbing snoring at least 3 nights a week, was reported by 18%. Being hospitalized for a respiratory infection before the age of two years (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.27; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.59), suffering from recurrent otitis as a child (OR = 1.18; 95%CI 1.05-1.33), growing up in a large family (OR = 1.04; 95%CI 1.002-1.07) and being exposed to a dog at home as a newborn (OR = 1.26; 95%CI 1.12-1.42) were independently related to snoring later in life and independent of a number of possible confounders in adulthood. The same childhood environmental factors except household size were also related with snoring and daytime sleepiness combined. CONCLUSION: The predisposition for adult snoring may be partly established early in life. Having had severe airway infections or recurrent otitis in childhood, being exposed to a dog as a newborn and growing up in a large family are environmental factors associated with snoring in adulthood.
|
|
| 16. |
- Gomez Real, F., et al.
(författare)
-
Hormone replacement therapy, body mass index and asthma in perimenopausal women: a cross sectional survey
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Thorax.. ; 61:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and obesity both appear to increase the risk of asthma. A study was undertaken to investigate the association of HRT with asthma and hay fever in a population of perimenopausal women, focusing on a possible interaction with body mass index (BMI). METHODS: A postal questionnaire was sent to population based samples in Denmark, Estonia, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden in 1999-2001, and 8588 women aged 25-54 years responded (77%). Pregnant women, women using oral contraceptives, and women <46 years were excluded. Analyses included 2206 women aged 46-54 years of which 884 were menopausal and 540 used HRT. Stratified analyses by BMI in tertiles were performed. RESULTS: HRT was associated with an increased risk for asthma (OR 1.57 (95% CI 1.07 to 2.30)), wheeze (OR 1.60 (95% CI 1.22 to 2.10)), and hay fever (OR 1.48 (95% CI 1.15 to 1.90)). The associations with asthma and wheeze were significantly stronger among women with BMI in the lower tertile (asthma OR 2.41 (95% CI 1.21 to 4.77); wheeze OR 2.04 (95% CI 1.23 to 3.36)) than in heavier women (asthma: p(interaction) = 0.030; wheeze: p(interaction) = 0.042). Increasing BMI was associated with more asthma (OR 1.08 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.12) per kg/m(2)). This effect was only found in women not taking HRT (OR 1.10 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.14) per kg/m(2)); no such association was detected in HRT users (OR 1.00 (95% CI 0.92 to 1.08) per kg/m(2)) (p(interaction) = 0.046). Menopause was not significantly associated with asthma, wheeze, or hay fever. CONCLUSIONS: In perimenopausal women there is an interaction between HRT and BMI in the effects on asthma. Lean women who were HRT users had as high a risk for asthma as overweight women not taking HRT. It is suggested that HRT and overweight increase the risk of asthma through partly common pathways.
|
|
| 17. |
- Gustafson, T., et al.
(författare)
-
Occupational exposure and severe pulmonary fibrosis
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Respir Med. - : Elsevier BV. - 0954-6111 .- 1532-3064. ; 101:10, s. 2207-12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: External agents, especially metal and wood dust, are believed to be risk factors for development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The aim of this case-control study was to investigate which occupational exposure types are associated with development of severe pulmonary fibrosis (PF), and especially IPF. METHODS: An extensive postal questionnaire including 30 specific items regarding occupational exposure was completed by 181 patients with severe PF and respiratory failure reported to the Swedish Oxygen Register, among whom 140 were judged as having IPF. The questionnaire was also completed by 757 control subjects. We stratified data for age, sex and smoking and calculated odds ratios (ORs). RESULTS: We found increased risk for IPF in men with exposure to birch dust (OR 2.7, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.30-5.65) and hardwood dust (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.14-6.52). Men also had slightly increased ORs associated with birds. We did not find any increased risk in association with metal dust exposure. CONCLUSION: Exposure for birch and hardwood dust may contribute to the risk for IPF in men.
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
- Hellgren, Johan, 1965, et al.
(författare)
-
Nonallergic occupational rhinitis
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Clin Allergy Immunol. - 1075-7910. ; 19, s. 241-8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 20. |
- Hellgren, Johan, 1965, et al.
(författare)
-
Perennial non-infectious rhinitis--an independent risk factor for sleep disturbances in Asthma.
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0954-6111 .- 1532-3064. ; 101:5, s. 1015-20
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim of the studyTo evaluate if perennial non-infectious rhinitis is associated with sleep disturbances in asthma.Materials and methodsThis is a questionnaire based study in a random population sample from Denmark, Estonia, Iceland, Norway and Sweden aged 30–54 yr. A total of 1127 individuals reporting asthma from an original random population sample of 16,191 were analysed regarding their quality of sleep in relation to perennial non-infectious rhinitis. Perennial non-infectious rhinitis was defined as having nasal symptoms such as nasal blockage and secretion in the absence of common cold, always. Asthma was defined as both ever having had asthma and having physician diagnosed asthma. Odds ratios (OR) for difficulties inducing sleep, difficulties maintaining sleep, early morning awakenings and daytime sleepiness were calculated in a multiple logistic regression controlling for other risk factors for sleep disturbances such as snoring, wheeze, obesity and smoking.ResultsThe response rate was 74%. A total of 189 (17%) of the subjects with asthma reported perennial non-infectious rhinitis. Perennial non-infectious rhinitis was associated with an increased OR for difficulties maintaining sleep (1.6 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1–2.3)), early morning awakenings (1.5 (95% CI 1.1–2.2)) and daytime sleepiness (1.8 (95% CI 1.2–2.9)). The result show that perennial non-infectious rhinitis is an independant risk factor for sleep disturbances in asthma.
|
|
