| 11. |
- Nyström, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Interaction of adipose-derived stem cells with active and dormant breast cancer cells
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery. - : Elsevier. - 1748-6815 .- 1878-0539. ; 83, s. 69-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Although autologous fat grafting is considered a successful method for the management of contour deformities, the fat graft could potentially induce cancer reappearance by fueling dormant breast cancer cells. Our aim was to characterize the role of adipose-derived stem cells on active and dormant breast cancer cell growth.Methods: Cobalt chloride was used to induce dormancy in MCF-7 cancer cells. Proliferation of active and dormant cancer cells was determined in the presence of adipose-derived stem cells. A proteome array was used to detect cancer-related protein expression in the cell-conditioned medium. The migration of cancer cells was measured in response to conditioned medium from the adipose-derived stem cells.Results: The adipose-derived stem cells showed variable effects on active MCF-7 cells growth and inhibited MCF-7 proliferation after the withdrawal of cobalt chloride. Of the 84 different proteins measured in the conditioned medium, only tenascin-C was differentially expressed in the co-cultures. MCF-7 cells alone did not express tenascin-C, whereas co-cultures between MCF-7 and adipose-derived stem cells expressed more tenascin-C versus adipose-derived stem cells alone. The conditioned medium from co-cultures significantly increased the migration of the cancer cells.Conclusions: Adipose-derived stem cells themselves neither increased the growth or migration of cancer cells, suggesting that autologous fat grafting may be oncologically safe if reconstruction is postponed until there is no evidence of active disease. However, interactions between adipose-derived stem cells and MCF-7 cancer cells could potentially lead to the production of factors, which further promote cancer cell migration.
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| 12. |
- Poikolainen Rosén, Anton, 1992-
(författare)
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Noticing nature : exploring more-than-human-centred design in urban farming
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis articulates, theorises and furthers the concept of “more-than-human-centred design” by studying the use and design of technology for noticing nature and caring for nature. The emerging field of more-than-human-centred design focuses on the mutual interdependence between humans and non-humans (e.g. organisms such as animals, plants and microbes, as well as autonomous technologies). It is a step away from seeing other organisms as inferior to humans or valuable only as resources. This implies that design research frameworks and methods need to be remade. How can we design for and with other organisms? What needs to be accommodated in a paradigm that allows for more-than-human-centred design? What are concrete design examples and implications of this kind of thinking? In short, there is a need to investigate what it means to design for more-than-human worlds.This is investigated in the thesis through a series of studies and design experiments, including ethnography (participant observation, interviews, surveys and workshops), design projects (design ideation, development and analysis of prototypes) and design critique of existing artefacts. Most of these studies are conducted within a four-year ethnography of a regenerative urban farming community in Stockholm, Sweden.The thesis draws on posthuman theory. This theory examines the implications of expanding concern and subjectivities beyond the human, and aims to understand the human subject and its relationship to the world in a non-anthropocentric light. Phenomenological analysis is further applied to articulate and understand the human-technology-nature relationship as it is experienced first-person.The thesis contributes an articulation of a more-than-human-centred design programme. Here, two design implications are suggested, “expanding the sensible” and “design for sensory-rich experiences”. Methods for noticing the more-than-human world are suggested, along with principles for designing for and with other organisms, such as finding leverage points in systems and providing a scaffold for naturally occurring processes. The meaning of “design”, “the designer” and “the user” is discussed. Lastly, a manifesto for more-than-human-centred design is proposed.
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| 13. |
- Poikolainen Rosén, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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Noticing the Environment : A Design Ethnography of Urban Farming
- 2022
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Ingår i: NordiCHI ’22. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sustainable HCI attempts to shift focus beyond humans, to care for both ourselves and our environment. In this paper, we build on this growing interest and contribute with a design ethnography of urban farming. We focus on practices of observing and gathering data about the environment which we frame as ‘noticing’. In our analysis, three approaches to noticing the environment were iden- tified, and design suggestions were developed for each approach: Green Thumbs (control-oriented), Dirty Nails (sensibility-oriented) and BeeNoculars (appreciation-oriented). The design suggestions, presented as posters, focus on ways to improve the alignment of the acquisition and display of data with the identified approaches. We discuss two themes: the noticing and balancing of systemic rela- tions and needs, and sensory-rich experiences of the environment. The paper contributes to a broader discussion in HCI of how tech- nologies could create a different understanding of and relationship to the environment.
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| 14. |
- Poikolainen Rosén, Anton, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
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Relating to the Environment through Photography : the Smartphone Camera as a Tool in Urban Farming
- 2020
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Ingår i: OzCHI '20. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450389754 ; , s. 506-519
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research on environmental sustainability in HCI is investigating the opportunities and hindrances technologies pose on living sustainably, beyond direct material impact of production, use and disposal. With this background, we focus on the smartphone camera as a tool that allows users to quickly and relatively effortlessly depict, save, share, access, augment or amplify information about the environment. Based on two years of participant observation studies, we present examples of how urban farmers use the smartphone camera as a tool in their practice. We discuss how the smartphone camera mediates human experiences of the environment and how certain uses of the camera may contribute to environmental sustainability. We highlight how the smartphone camera used as a tool in gardening was experienced to support (a) feelings of closeness or bonds towards the local environment and (b) the creation and sharing of knowledge.
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| 15. |
- Poikolainen Rosén, Anton, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
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Towards more-than-human-centred design : Learning from gardening
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Design. - : Chinese Institute of Design. - 1991-3761 .- 1994-036X. ; 16:3, s. 21-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- More-than-human-centred design is a growing field in HCI (human-computer interaction) that account for non-human actors in design processes (such as animals, plants, and microbes but also autonomous technologies). While the rationale for more-than-human-centred design is clear, there is a lack of design methods grounded in this thinking. We articulate the idea of noticing as a method for approaching design spaces as systems of mutual interdependence between organisms. The findings are based on a longitudinal ethnographic study of urban farming—including the study of urban farmers’ practices and use of technologies with a focus on the interplay between humans and non-humans, such as plants and microbes. We articulate noticing as a phenomenon and show examples of urban farmers’ practices of noticing. We discuss principles for designing with the interdependencies of several organisms based on what is noticed in a setting. We argue that the way we have separated ideas about the environment and human experience is a part of the sustainability problem—and suggest noticing as an approach that instead combines positive human experiences and the needs of the environment.
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| 16. |
- Shams, Mana, et al.
(författare)
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Cerebrospinal Fluid Metals and the Association with Cerebral Small Vessel Disease.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD. - 1875-8908. ; 78:3, s. 1229-1236
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Brain metal homeostasis is essential for brain health, and deregulation can result in oxidative stress on the brain parenchyma.Our objective in this study was to focus on two hemorrhagic MRI manifestations of small vessel disease [cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and cortical superficial siderosis (cSS)] and associations with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) iron levels. In addition, we aimed to analyze CSF biomarkers for dementia and associations with CSF metal levels.This is a cross-sectional study of 196 patients who underwent memory clinic investigation, including brain MRI. CSF was collected and analyzed for metals, amyloid-β (Aβ) 42, total tau (T-tau), and phosphorylated tau (P-tau), and CSF/serum albumin ratios. Statistical analyses were performed using generalized linear models.No significant difference was found between CSF metal levels across diagnostic groups. Higher iron and copper levels were associated with higher CSF levels of Aβ42, T-tau, P-tau, and CSF/serum albumin ratios (p<0.05). Zinc was associated with higher CSF/serum albumin ratios. There was no significant association between CMBs or cSS and CSF iron levels. An increase in CSF iron with the number of CMBs was seen in APOEɛ4 carriers.CSF iron levels are elevated with cerebral microbleeds in APOEɛ4 carriers, with no other association seen with hemorrhagic markers of small vessel disease. The association of elevated CSF iron and copper with tau could represent findings of increased neurodegeneration in these patients.
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| 17. |
- Titaley, Ivan, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of polycyclic aromatic compounds in historically contaminated soil by targeted and non-targeted chemical analysis combined with in vitro bioassay
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environmental Pollution. - : Elsevier. - 0269-7491 .- 1873-6424. ; 289
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soil samples from a contaminated site in Sweden were analyzed to identify the presence of 78 polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The target analysis revealed large contributions not only from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), but also from alkylated- and oxygenated-PAHs (alkyl- and oxy-PAHs, respectively), and N-heterocyclics (NPACs). PAC profiles indicated primarily pyrogenic sources, although contribution of petrogenic sources was also observed in one sample as indicated by a high ratio of alkylated naphthalene compared to naphthalene. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-activity of the soil extracts was assessed using the H4IIe-pGudluc 1.1 cells bioassay. When compared with the calculated total AhR-activity of the PACs in the target list, 35–97% of the observed bioassay activity could be explained by 62 PACs with relative potency factors (REPs). The samples were further screened using GC coupled with Orbitrap™ high resolution MS (GC-HRMS) to investigate the presence of other PACs that could potentially contribute to the AhR-activity of the extracts. 114 unique candidate compounds were tentatively identified and divided into four groups based on their AhR-activity and environmental occurrence. Twelve substances satisfied all the criteria, and these compounds are suggested to be included in regular screening in future studies, although their identities were not confirmed by standards in this study. High unexplained bio-TEQ fractions in three of the samples may be explained by tentatively identified compounds (n = 35) with high potential of being toxic. This study demonstrates the benefit of combining targeted and non-targeted chemical analysis with bioassay analysis to assess the diversity and effects of PACs at contaminated sites. The applied prioritization strategy revealed a number of tentatively identified compounds, which likely contributed to the overall bioactivity of the soil extracts.
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| 18. |
- Wallmark, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Efficiency analysis of item response theory kernel equating for mixed-format tests
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Applied psychological measurement. - : Sage Publications. - 0146-6216 .- 1552-3497. ; 47:7-8, s. 496-512
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aims to evaluate the performance of Item Response Theory (IRT) kernel equating in the context of mixed-format tests by comparing it to IRT observed score equating and kernel equating with log-linear presmoothing. Comparisons were made through both simulations and real data applications, under both equivalent groups (EG) and non-equivalent groups with anchor test (NEAT) sampling designs. To prevent bias towards IRT methods, data were simulated with and without the use of IRT models. The results suggest that the difference between IRT kernel equating and IRT observed score equating is minimal, both in terms of the equated scores and their standard errors. The application of IRT models for presmoothing yielded smaller standard error of equating than the log-linear presmoothing approach. When test data were generated using IRT models, IRT-based methods proved less biased than log-linear kernel equating. However, when data were simulated without IRT models, log-linear kernel equating showed less bias. Overall, IRT kernel equating shows great promise when equating mixed-format tests.
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| 19. |
- Wallmark, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Kernel equating presmoothing methods : an empirical study with mixed-format test forms
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Quantitative psychology. - : Springer. - 9783031277801 ; , s. 49-59
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- When equating test forms, it is common to presmooth the test score distributions before conducting the equating. In this study, the log-linear and item response theory (IRT) presmoothing methods were compared when equating mixed-format test forms using kernel equating. Test forms from two different high-stakes tests were equated: The Swedish national test in mathematics, using the equivalent group sampling design, and the verbal part of the Swedish SAT test, using the nonequivalent groups with anchor test sampling design. In both cases, the analytical equating standard errors were lower for high and low performing test takers when using IRT presmoothing compared to log-linear presmoothing. Both presmoothing methods resulted in reasonable equated curves. As no true equating transformation is known in a practical setting, using IRT models for presmoothing appears to be a viable alternative to log-linear models when equating mixed-format tests such as the Swedish SAT.
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