| 11. |
- Agardh, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
-
Normal eyes in type 1 diabetics stay normal after one year of treatment with continuous subcutaneous insulin pump
- 1986
-
Ingår i: Acta Ophthalmologica. - 0001-639X. ; 64:5, s. 530-532
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Seven patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus were restored to near normoglycaemia by treatment with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion pumps (CSII). The patients were examined with ophthalmoscopy, fundus photography and fluorescein angiography before and one year after the start of CSII treatment. In addition, ophthalmoscopy was performed after 6 months of treatment. All 14 eyes were normal prior to the CSII treatment and none had developed any signs of retinopathy after 6 months or 1 year. It is concluded that metabolic control can be near normalized with CSII treatment without any risk for development of diabetic microangiopathy in type 1 diabetics with normal eyes.
|
|
| 12. |
- Hartling, Svend G, et al.
(författare)
-
Elevated proinsulin in healthy siblings of IDDM patients independent of HLA identity
- 1989
-
Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 38:10, s. 1271-1274
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on the recent demonstration of elevated serum proinsulin levels in cystic fibrosis patients with impaired glucose tolerance, it was hypothesized that proinsulin could be an indicator of altered β-cell function. We therefore analyzed fasting proinsulin levels in 99 siblings of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients, most of them discordant for diabetes for >6 yr. The results from this group were compared with the results from 41 healthy age- and sex-matched control subjects with no family history of diabetes. Median (range) fasting proinsulin in siblings was 8.9 pM (1.7–58 pM) vs. 3.8 pM (<1.2–28 pM) in control subjects (P < .00001). There was no difference between the groups in fasting blood glucose concentrations. Both groups had fasting insulin concentrations within the normal range with a tendency toward lower values in the siblings: 108 pM (60–237 pM) vs. 118 pM (71–175 pM) (P = .07). The 99 siblings were subdivided into groups according to HLA sharing with their diabetic proband. The concentration of proinsulin, insulin, and blood glucose among the groups of 33 HLA-identical, 40 HLA-haploidentical, and 26 nonidentical siblings did not differ significantly. The fasting proinsulin level did not correlate with fasting levels of insulin, blood glucose, age, or body weight. We conclude that fasting proinsulin is elevated in healthy siblings of IDDM patients, whereas fasting insulin is normal or slightly decreased independent of HLA identity with their diabetic sibling. Elevated proinsulin levels could represent a family trait, perhaps mirroring a β-cell more vulnerable to destruction, or it could reflect previous β-cell damage that does not lead to IDDM.
|
|
| 13. |
- Nilsson, B, et al.
(författare)
-
Cerebrovascular response during and following severe insulin-induced hypoglycemia: CO2-sensitivity, autoregulation, and influence of prostaglandin synthesis inhibition
- 1981
-
Ingår i: Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6772. ; 111:4, s. 455-463
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of the present experiments was to study mechanisms governing cerebrovascular responses during severe hypoglycemia, and in the posthypoglycemic recovery period. To that end, lightly anesthetized (70% N2O) and artificially ventilated rats were injected with insulin so as to abolish spontaneous EEG activity for 15 or 30 min ("coma"). In separate animals, recovery was induced by glucose administration. Previous experiments have shown that in normo- or moderately hypertensive animals hypoglycemic coma is accompanied by a relatively marked increase in cerebral blood flow (CBF), and that a delayed hypoperfusion develops in the recovery period. The present results demonstrate that oxygen supply is in excess of the demands during coma, and falls below control during recovery. During hypoglycemic coma, the CO2 response of the circulation was retained but autoregulation was lost. In the recovery period, both CO2 response and autoregulation were lost. Pretreatment with indomethacin was introduced in order to evaluate the possible influence of fatty acid cyclo-oxygenase products on the pattern of CBF changes. Measurements of local cerebral blood flow (1-CBF) showed that, in the majority of structures analysed, indomethacin failed to modulate the changes in CBF. It is concluded that alterations in cerebrovascular tone and loss of autoregulation induce flow changes that may influence substrate and oxygen availability during hypoglycemia. The pronounced decrease in CBF and the loss of autoregulation and CO2-response in the post-hypoglycemic period may influence functional, metabolic and morphological recovery. The 1-CBF findings indicate that neither the increase in CBF during hypoglycemia nor the reduction in flow in the posthypoglycemic period are mediated by mechanisms related to prostaglandin metabolism.
|
|
| 14. |
- Siesjö, Bo, et al.
(författare)
-
Arachidonic acid metabolism in seizures
- 1989
-
Ingår i: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0077-8923 .- 1749-6632. ; 559, s. 323-339
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 15. |
- Siesjö, Bo, et al.
(författare)
-
Free radicals and brain damage
- 1989
-
Ingår i: Cerebrovascular and Brain Metabolism Reviews. - 1040-8827. ; 1:3, s. 165-211
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although free radicals have been suggested to contribute to ischemic brain damage for more than 10 years, it is not until quite recently that convincing evidence has been presented for their involvement in both sustained and transient ischemia. The hypothesis is examined against current knowledge of free radical chemistry, as it applies to biological systems, and of cellular iron metabolism. It is emphasized that those advents have changed our outlook on free radical-induced tissue damage. First, it has been realized that damage to DNA and proteins may be an earlier event than lipid peroxidation, perhaps also a more important one. Second, evidence now exists that the triggering event in free radical-induced damage is a disturbance of cellular iron metabolism, notably delocalization of protein-bound iron, and its chelation by compounds that trigger site-specific free radical damage. Third, methods have been developed that allow the demonstration of partially induced oxygen species in tissues, and scavengers have become available that can curb free radical reactions. As a result of these events, it has been possible to demonstrate formation of free radicals in oxygen toxicity, trauma, and ischemia, and their participation in the cell damage that is incurred in these conditions, particularly in causing vascular pathology and edema. It is suggested that in ischemia, free radical damage becomes pathogenetically important when the ischemia is of long duration, when conditions favor continued delivery of some oxygen to the ischemic tissue, and particularly when such partially oxygen-deprived tissue is reoxygenated.
|
|
| 16. |
- Ware, James, et al.
(författare)
-
Glucose, insulin and osmolar changes in rats sustaining different haemorrhage volumes.
- 1982
-
Ingår i: Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. - : Almqvist & Wiksell. - 0001-6772 .- 1365-201X. ; 116:1, s. 31-36
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plasma glucose, osmolality and insulin have been investigated during hemorrhage in nonstarved rats. The rate of blood loss leading to hemorrhages of 44% and 55% of the estimated original blood volume determined the patterns of response. Substantial hyperglycemic hyperosmolality and insulin values appropriate for the raised levels of glucose were observed in the animals bleeding more rapidly. The slower rate of hemorrhage was associated with only moderate hyperglycemia and hyperosmolality, while the insulin values rose to very high levels, 45 times basal. It is postulated that altered glucose‐insulin metabolism in haemorrhage may have important consequences for fluid homeostasis, and the rate of bleeding is the fundamental factor steering this effect. © 1982 Scandinavian Physiological Society
|
|
| 17. |
- Agardh, Carl-David, et al.
(författare)
-
Desensitisation as a means of preventing untoward reactions to ionic contrast media
- 1983
-
Ingår i: Acta Radiologica Diagnosis. - 0567-8056. ; 24:3, s. 235-239
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients with a previous history of anaphylactic reactions to ionic iodinated contrast media were desensitised before a second radiologic examination was performed. The tolerance to the contrast medium was raised by repeated intravenous injections in increasing doses and concentrations. No serious side effects were noted when the examinations with contrast medium was repeated within a few days after the desensitisation. The positive effect of the desensitisation may depend on a successive consumption of complement proteins, probably responsible for the allergic reactions. Therefore, the available amount of complement for some days may be too low for the occurrence of a complement reaction.
|
|
| 18. |
- Agardh, Carl-David, et al.
(författare)
-
Improvement of the plasma lipoprotein pattern after institution of insulin treatment in diabetes mellitus
- 1982
-
Ingår i: Diabetes Care. - : American Diabetes Association. - 1935-5548 .- 0149-5992. ; 5:3, s. 322-325
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plasma lipids and lipoproteins were studied in 26 nonobese diabetic patients, either newly diagnosed or unsatisfactorily controlled by oral antidiabetic treatment. Measurements were performed before and 3-4 mo after the institution of insulin treatment. In a subgroup of seven patients, the activities of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL) in postheparin plasma and the elimination rate of exogenous triglyceride were also monitored. After beginning insulin treatment, diabetic control was improved as demonstrated by decreasing levels of HbA1. Mean plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels decreased by about 10% (P less than 0.01) and 40% (P less than 0.05), respectively. The decrease in plasma cholesterol was largely accounted for by a fall in LDL cholesterol levels (-8%, P less than 0.05), while plasma HDL cholesterol concentrations increased by about 12% (P less than 0.01). The elimination rate of exogenous triglycerides increased significantly. There was a suggestive, but not significant, increase in LPL activity while the HL activity remained unchanged. It is concluded that the improved diabetic control after institution of insulin treatment results in a significant improvement of the plasma lipoprotein profile. Since the improvement of the lipoprotein pattern is not strictly correlated to the amelioration of indices reflecting glucose transport, we suggest that the plasma lipoprotein pattern may provide an additional tool for monitoring the degree of control in diabetes mellitus.
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
- Agardh, Carl-David, et al.
(författare)
-
Optic disc swelling in an insulin-dependent diabetic. A result of drastic improvement of glucose control?
- 1988
-
Ingår i: Acta Ophthalmologica. - 0001-639X. ; 66:2, s. 206-209
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rapid improvement of glucose control in diabetics may cause a transient progression of ischemic retinopathy. We report a transient bilateral acute asymptomatic optic disc swelling associated with rapid improvement of metabolic control in a male Type I diabetic. It is d, suggested that the optic disc swelling could be caused n of by a rapid near-normal normalization of the blood glucose.
|
|
