| 201. |
- Jensen, Gordon L., et al.
(författare)
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GLIM Criteria for the Diagnosis of Malnutrition : A Consensus Report From the Global Clinical Nutrition Community
- 2019
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Ingår i: JPEN - Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. - : Wiley. - 0148-6071 .- 1941-2444. ; 43:1, s. 32-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: This initiative aims to build a global consensus around core diagnostic criteria for malnutrition in adults in clinical settings.Methods: The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) was convened by several of the major global clinical nutrition societies. Empirical consensus was reached through a series of face‐to‐face meetings, telephone conferences, and e‐mail communications.Results: A 2‐step approach for the malnutrition diagnosis was selected, that is, first screening to identify at risk status by the use of any validated screening tool, and second, assessment for diagnosis and grading the severity of malnutrition. The malnutrition criteria for consideration were retrieved from existing approaches for screening and assessment. Potential criteria were subjected to a ballot among GLIM participants that selected 3 phenotypic criteria (non‐volitional weight loss, low body mass index, and reduced muscle mass) and 2 etiologic criteria (reduced food intake or assimilation, and inflammation or disease burden). To diagnose malnutrition at least 1 phenotypic criterion and 1 etiologic criterion should be present. Phenotypic metrics for grading severity are proposed. It is recommended that the etiologic criteria be used to guide intervention and anticipated outcomes. The recommended approach supports classification of malnutrition into four etiology‐related diagnosis categories.Conclusions: A consensus scheme for diagnosing malnutrition in adults in clinical settings on a global scale is proposed. Next steps are to secure endorsements from leading nutrition professional societies, to identify overlaps with syndromes like cachexia and sarcopenia, and to promote dissemination, validation studies, and feedback. The construct should be re‐considered every 3–5 years.
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| 202. |
- Lunt, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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The DeepMIP contribution to PMIP4 : experimental design for model simulations of the EECO, PETM, and pre-PETM (version 1.0)
- 2017
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Ingår i: Geoscientific Model Development. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1991-959X .- 1991-9603. ; 10:2, s. 889-901
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Past warm periods provide an opportunity to evaluate climate models under extreme forcing scenarios, in particular high (>800 ppmv) atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Although a post hoc intercomparison of Eocene (similar to 50 Ma) climate model simulations and geological data has been carried out previously, models of past high-CO2 periods have never been evaluated in a consistent framework. Here, we present an experimental design for climate model simulations of three warm periods within the early Eocene and the latest Paleocene (the EECO, PETM, and pre-PETM). Together with the CMIP6 pre-industrial control and abrupt 4 x CO2 simulations, and additional sensitivity studies, these form the first phase of DeepMIP - the Deep-time Model Intercomparison Project, itself a group within the wider Paleo-climate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP). The experimental design specifies and provides guidance on boundary conditions associated with palaeogeography, greenhouse gases, astronomical configuration, solar constant, land surface processes, and aerosols. Initial conditions, simulation length, and output variables are also specified. Finally, we explain how the geological data sets, which will be used to evaluate the simulations, will be developed.
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| 203. |
- McGinn, Steven, et al.
(författare)
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New Technologies for DNA analysis-A review of the READNA Project.
- 2016
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Ingår i: New Biotechnology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-4347 .- 1871-6784.
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The REvolutionary Approaches and Devices for Nucleic Acid analysis (READNA) project received funding from the European Commission for 4 1/2 years. The objectives of the project revolved around technological developments in nucleic acid analysis. The project partners have discovered, created and developed a huge body of insights into nucleic acid analysis, ranging from improvements and implementation of current technologies to the most promising sequencing technologies that constitute a 3(rd) and 4(th) generation of sequencing methods with nanopores and in situ sequencing, respectively.
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| 204. |
- Forsman, Anna K, et al.
(författare)
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Research priorities for public mental health in Europe: recommendations of the ROAMER project.
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 25:2, s. 249-254
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ROAdmap for MEntal health Research in Europe project aimed to create an integrated European roadmap for mental health research. Leading mental health research experts across Europe have formulated consensus-based recommendations for future research within the public mental health field.
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| 205. |
- Young, Iris D., et al.
(författare)
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Structure of photosystem II and substrate binding at room temperature
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Macmillan Publishers Ltd.. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 540:7633, s. 453-457
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Light-induced oxidation of water by photosystem II (PS II) in plants, algae and cyanobacteria has generated most of the dioxygen in the atmosphere. PS II, a membrane-bound multi-subunit pigment protein complex, couples the one-electron photochemistry at the reaction centre with the four-electron redox chemistry of water oxidation at the Mn4CaO5 cluster in the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC). Under illumination, the OEC cycles through five intermediate S-states (S0 to S4)1, in which S1 is the dark-stable state and S3 is the last semi-stable state before O–O bond formation and O2 evolution2,3. A detailed understanding of the O–O bond formation mechanism remains a challenge, and will require elucidation of both the structures of the OEC in the different S-states and the binding of the two substrate waters to the catalytic site4–6. Here we report the use of femtosecond pulses from an X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) to obtain damage-free, room temperature structures of dark-adapted (S1), two-flash illuminated (2F; S3-enriched), and ammonia-bound two-flash illuminated (2F-NH3; S3-enriched) PS II. Although the recent 1.95 Å resolution structure of PS II at cryogenic temperature using an XFEL7 provided a damage-free view of the S1 state, measurements at room temperature are required to study the structural landscape of proteins under functional conditions8,9, and also for in situ advancement of the S-states. To investigate the water-binding site(s), ammonia, a water analogue, has been used as a marker, as it binds to the Mn4CaO5 cluster in the S2 and S3 states10. Since the ammonia-bound OEC is active, the ammonia-binding Mn site is not a substrate water site10–13. This approach, together with a comparison of the native dark and 2F states, is used to discriminate between proposed O–O bond formation mechanisms.
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| 206. |
- Alsubai, Khalid, et al.
(författare)
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Qatar Exoplanet Survey : Qatar-3b, Qatar-4b, and Qatar-5b
- 2017
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Ingår i: Astronomical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0004-6256 .- 1538-3881. ; 153:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the discovery of Qatar-3b, Qatar-4b, and Qatar-5b, three new transiting planets identified by the Qatar Exoplanet Survey. The three planets belong to the hot Jupiter family, with orbital periods of P-Q3b = 2.50792 days, P-Q4b = 1.80539 days, and P-Q5b = 2.87923 days. Follow-up spectroscopic observations reveal the masses of the planets to be M-Q3b = 4.31 +/- 0.47 M-J, M-Q4b = 6.10 +/- 0.54 M-J, and M-Q5b = 4.32 +/- 0.18 M-J, while model fits to the transit light curves yield radii of R-Q3b = 1.096 +/- 0.14 RJ, R-Q4b = 1.135 +/- 0.11 R-J, and R-Q5b = 1.107 +/- 0.064 R-J. The host stars are low-mass main sequence stars with masses and radii M-Q3 = 1.145 +/- 0.064 M circle dot, M-Q4 = 0.896 +/- 0.048 M circle dot, M-Q5 = 1.128 +/- 0.056 M circle dot and R-Q3 = 1.272 +/- 0.14 R circle dot, R-Q4 = 0.849 +/- 0.063 R circle dot, and R-Q5 = 1.076 +/- 0.051 R circle dot for Qatar-3, 4, and 5 respectively. The V magnitudes of the three host stars are V-Q3 = 12.88, V-Q4 = 13.60, and V-Q5 = 12.82. All three new planets can be classified as heavy hot Jupiters (M > 4 M-J).
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| 207. |
- Barrett, Paul M., et al.
(författare)
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Evolution of dinosaur epidermal structures
- 2015
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Ingår i: Biology Letters. - : The Royal Society. - 1744-9561 .- 1744-957X. ; 11:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spectacularly preserved non-avian dinosaurs with integumentary filaments/feathers have revolutionized dinosaur studies and fostered the suggestion that the dinosaur common ancestor possessed complex integumentary structures homologous to feathers. This hypothesis has major implications for interpreting dinosaur biology, but has not been tested rigorously. Using a comprehensive database of dinosaur skin traces, we apply maximum-likelihood methods to reconstruct the phylogenetic distribution of epidermal structures and interpret their evolutionary history. Most of these analyses find no compelling evidence for the appearance of protofeathers in the dinosaur common ancestor and scales are usually recovered as the plesiomorphic state, but results are sensitive to the outgroup condition in pterosaurs. Rare occurrences of ornithischian filamentous integument might represent independent acquisitions of novel epidermal structures that are not homologous with theropod feathers.
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| 208. |
- Clark, Chris D., et al.
(författare)
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BRITICE Glacial Map, version 2 : a map and GIS database of glacial landforms of the last British-Irish Ice Sheet
- 2018
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Ingår i: Boreas. - : Wiley. - 0300-9483 .- 1502-3885. ; 47:1, s. 11-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the last glaciation, most of the British Isles and the surrounding continental shelf were covered by the British-Irish Ice Sheet (BIIS). An earlier compilation from the existing literature (BRITICE version 1) assembled the relevant glacial geomorphological evidence into a freely available GIS geodatabase and map (Clark etal. 2004: Boreas 33, 359). New high-resolution digital elevation models, of the land and seabed, have become available casting the glacial landform record of the British Isles in a new light and highlighting the shortcomings of the V.1 BRITICE compilation. Here we present a wholesale revision of the evidence, onshore and offshore, to produce BRITICE version 2, which now also includes Ireland. All published geomorphological evidence pertinent to the behaviour of the ice sheet is included, up to the census date of December 2015. The revised GIS database contains over 170000 geospatially referenced and attributed elements - an eightfold increase in information from the previous version. The compiled data include: drumlins, ribbed moraine, crag-and-tails, mega-scale glacial lineations, glacially streamlined bedrock (grooves, roches moutonnees, whalebacks), glacial erratics, eskers, meltwater channels (subglacial, lateral, proglacial and tunnel valleys), moraines, trimlines, cirques, trough-mouth fans and evidence defining ice-dammed lakes. The increased volume of features necessitates different map/database products with varying levels of data generalization, namely: (i) an unfiltered GIS database containing all mapping; (ii) a filtered GIS database, resolving data conflicts and with edits to improve geo-locational accuracy (available as GIS data and PDF maps); and (iii) a cartographically generalized map to provide an overview of the distribution and types of features at the ice-sheet scale that can be printed at A0 paper size at a 1:1250000 scale. All GIS data, the maps (as PDFs) and abibliography of all published sources are availablefor download from: https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/geography/staff/clark_chris/britice
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| 209. |
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| 210. |
- Evans, Bernard J.E., et al.
(författare)
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Differential Tuning to Visual Motion Allows Robust Encoding of Optic Flow in the Dragonfly
- 2019
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Ingår i: The Journal of Neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. - 1529-2401. ; 39:41, s. 8051-8063
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Visual cues provide an important means for aerial creatures to ascertain their self-motion through the environment. In many insects, including flies, moths, and bees, wide-field motion-sensitive neurons in the third optic ganglion are thought to underlie such motion encoding; however, these neurons can only respond robustly over limited speed ranges. The task is more complicated for some species of dragonflies that switch between extended periods of hovering flight and fast-moving pursuit of prey and conspecifics, requiring motion detection over a broad range of velocities. Since little is known about motion processing in these insects, we performed intracellular recordings from hawking, emerald dragonflies (Hemicordulia spp.) and identified a diverse group of motion-sensitive neurons that we named lobula tangential cells (LTCs). Following prolonged visual stimulation with drifting gratings, we observed significant differences in both temporal and spatial tuning of LTCs. Cluster analysis of these changes confirmed several groups of LTCs with distinctive spatiotemporal tuning. These differences were associated with variation in velocity tuning in response to translated, natural scenes. LTCs with differences in velocity tuning ranges and optima may underlie how a broad range of motion velocities are encoded. In the hawking dragonfly, changes in LTC tuning over time are therefore likely to support their extensive range of behaviors, from hovering to fast-speed pursuits.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Understanding how animals navigate the world is an inherently difficult and interesting problem. Insects are useful models for understanding neuronal mechanisms underlying these activities, with neurons that encode wide-field motion previously identified in insects, such as flies, hawkmoths, and butterflies. Like some Dipteran flies, dragonflies exhibit complex aerobatic behaviors, such as hovering, patrolling, and aerial combat. However, dragonflies lack halteres that support such diverse behavior in flies. To understand how dragonflies might address this problem using only visual cues, we recorded from their wide-field motion-sensitive neurons. We found these differ strongly in the ways they respond to sustained motion, allowing them collectively to encode the very broad range of velocities experienced during diverse behavior.
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