| 231. |
|
|
| 232. |
- Yue, S. Y., et al.
(författare)
-
Representation of Stony Surface-Atmosphere Interactions in WRF Reduces Cold and Wet Biases for the Southern Tibetan Plateau
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 2169-897X .- 2169-8996. ; 126:21
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current regional and global climate models often have significant cold and wet biases in the simulation of climate for the Southern Tibetan Plateau (STP). This region has complex terrain and steep slopes, and the underlying surface in many areas is stony with little soil and vegetation, which causes negligible infiltration and rapid runoff. The default soil type (loam) in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) is thus replaced with bedrock to improve the representation of the mountainous hydrological processes in this region. The domain of bedrock is identified by using satellite-based Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and terrain elevation standard deviation. The model results demonstrate that the WRF-simulated precipitation and temperature are sensitive to soil type setting in this region. After the soil type is corrected, the mean precipitation bias at weather stations in the STP is reduced from 35 mm to -6 mm and the cold bias of 2 m air temperature is reduced from 1.5 degrees C to 0.8 degrees C when evaluated against weather station data. The relevant land and atmospheric processes are explored. The revision of the soil type from loam to bedrock results in increased sensible heat flux and decreased evaporation. A higher sensible heat flux results in higher air temperature, and the suppressed evaporation attenuates precipitation-evaporation feedback. The altered energy budget enhances the valley wind, resulting in a sinking motion anomaly and reduced precipitation over lower elevations. The study highlights the critical role of soil type in the realistic representation of land-atmosphere interactions by numerical models for the unique region.
|
|
| 233. |
- Zhang, H., et al.
(författare)
-
Ultrafast photonics applications of emerging 2D-Xenes beyond graphene
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Nanophotonics. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 2192-8614. ; 11:7, s. 1261-1284
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Driven by new two-dimensional materials, great changes and progress have taken place in the field of ultrafast photonics in recent years. Among them, the emerging single element two-dimensional materials (Xenes) have also received much attention due to their special physical and photoelectric properties including tunable broadband nonlinear saturable absorption, ultrafast carrier recovery rate, and ultrashort recovery time. In this review, the preparation methods of Xenes and various integration strategies are detailedly introduced at first. Then, we summarize the outcomes achieved by Xenes-based (beyond graphene) fiber lasers and make classifications based on the characteristics of output pulses according to the materials characterization and nonlinear optical absorption properties. Finally, an outlook of the future opportunities and challenges of ultrafast photonics devices based on Xenes and other 2D materials are highlighted, and we hope this review will promote their extensive applications in ultrafast photonics technology.
|
|
| 234. |
- Zhang, QY, et al.
(författare)
-
Autocrine Activity of Extracellular Vesicles Induced by Icariin and Its Effectiveness in Glucocorticoid-Induced Injury of Bone Microvascular Endothelial Cells
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Cells. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4409. ; 11:12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Glucocorticoids could induce injury and apoptosis of bone microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) in the femoral head, which is associated with the development of osteonecrosis and osteoporosis. Icariin is a prenylated flavonol glycoside isolated from Epimedium brevicornum, serving as the main active pharmaceutical constituent to treat bone loss. Currently, the impact of the autocrine activity of extracellular vesicles (EVs) induced by icariin on the glucocorticoid-induced injury of BMECs is still to be confirmed. In this study, EVs were isolated from BMECs treated with and without icariin by super-speed centrifugation. Although icariin treatment would not significantly change the size and total protein content of BMECs-derived EVs, expression of EVs-carried vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) was enhanced and numerous miRNAs involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis were upregulated (e.g., hsa-miR-1469 and hsa-miR-133a-5p) or downregulated (e.g., hsa-miR-10b-5p) (p < 0.05). A total of 29 differentially expressed inflammatory factors were detected between the EVs secreted by BMECs from the Icariin-treated group and the Model group. The EVs secreted by BMECs could improve cell viability, decrease cell apoptosis, and promote cell migration and angiogenesis under the intervention of glucocorticoids. Meanwhile, icariin intervention could reinforce these protective effects of BMECs-derived EVs. To sum up, the present study indicates that icariin acts as a promising candidate for treating glucocorticoid-induced injury of BMECs and bone diseases, partially through the autocrine activity of EVs. In vivo or animal studies are still required to better understand the function of BMECs-derived EVs.
|
|
| 235. |
- Zhong, H., et al.
(författare)
-
SOX9 drives KRAS-induced lung adenocarcinoma progression and suppresses anti-tumor immunity
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Oncogene. - 0950-9232. ; 42, s. 2183-2194
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The SOX9 transcription factor ensures proper tissue development and homeostasis and has been implicated in promoting tumor progression. However, the role of SOX9 as a driver of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), or any cancer, remains unclear. Using CRISPR/Cas9 and Cre-LoxP gene knockout approaches in the Kras(G12D)-driven mouse LUAD model, we found that loss of Sox9 significantly reduces lung tumor development, burden and progression, contributing to significantly longer overall survival. SOX9 consistently drove organoid growth in vitro, but SOX9-promoted tumor growth was significantly attenuated in immunocompromised mice compared to syngeneic mice. We demonstrate that SOX9 suppresses immune cell infiltration and functionally suppresses tumor associated CD8(+) T, natural killer and dendritic cells. These data were validated by flow cytometry, gene expression, RT-qPCR, and immunohistochemistry analyses in Kras(G12D)-driven murine LUAD, then confirmed by interrogating bulk and single-cell gene expression repertoires and immunohistochemistry in human LUAD. Notably, SOX9 significantly elevates collagen-related gene expression and substantially increases collagen fibers. We propose that SOX9 increases tumor stiffness and inhibits tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells, thereby suppressing CD8(+) T cell and NK cell infiltration and activity. Thus, SOX9 drives Kras(G12D)-driven lung tumor progression and inhibits anti-tumor immunity at least partly by modulating the tumor microenvironment.
|
|
| 236. |
- Zhu, Jiqing, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
-
Durability assessment of bio-extended bituminous binders by rheological characterisation after long-term ageing
- 2024
-
Ingår i: 8th E&E (Eurasphalt & Eurobitume) Congress, Budapest, Hungary, 19-12 June, 2024.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The pursuit of sustainable road infrastructure is prompting extensive research into the utilization of bio-extended bituminous binders. This paper investigates the durability of bio-extended bituminous binders (both unmodified and polymer-modified) containing a plant-based bio-oil, aiming to assess their long-term performance. The research employed laboratory-scale tests and advanced rheological techniques to evaluate viscoelastic properties of the binders after long-term ageing. Accelerated ageing protocols were used to simulate prolonged exposure to environmental factors, including the Rolling Thin Film Oven Test (RTFOT) and Pressure Ageing Vessel (PAV) test. Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) tests measured the shear modulus and phase angle of the binders under various conditions while Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR) tests measured the flexural creep stiffness at different low temperatures. Various performance indicators and specification parameters were analysed for the investigated binders regarding their resistance to both fatigue cracking at intermediate temperatures and thermal cracking at low temperatures.The results indicate that the bio-extended binders passed all the analysed criteria after RTFOT+PAV ageing. Using the investigated bio-oil in bituminous binders had largely a positive effect on the ΔTc and did not affect the standard performance low-temperature grade significantly. The bio-extended binders followed the same relationships between several durability-related performance indicators as the reference binders did. Certain slight negative effects could be noticed at low temperatures when the bio-oil content was high, but a further verification on the asphalt mixture scale will be necessary to assess if these effects are significant enough to impact the asphalt mixture performance in practical applications.
|
|
| 237. |
- Zhu, Jiqing, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
-
Experimental analysis and predictive modelling of linear viscoelastic response of asphalt mixture under dynamic shear loading
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Construction and Building Materials. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0950-0618 .- 1879-0526. ; 328
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of predictive models can facilitate the inclusion of shear parameters in asphalt mixture evaluation and design processes. Unlike more extensively studied tension–compression models, the currently existing shear model, the Hirsch model, has unrealistic constants, particularly for the prediction of phase angle. Aiming at an improved predictive model in shear, this study employs a simple shear apparatus to experimentally analyse the linear viscoelastic properties of asphalt mixtures for road paving. Master curves were constructed and compared between different asphalt mixtures. Additionally, the test results were also analysed in the Black space and the Cole-Cole space. The dynamic shear response of asphalt mixtures was thereafter modelled on the basis of the Hirsch model. As the original model for phase angle prediction was found to be unrealistic, a particular focus in this study was put on identifying realistic empirical relationships for predicting the phase angle of asphalt mixtures in shear. More reliable shear test results of asphalt mixtures were used to calibrate the model, and extra test data were utilized to validate the calibrated model. It is indicated that the predictive model after calibration could deliver results of greatly improved accuracy, especially at the high-frequency and low-frequency ends. The analysis and modelling also leads to realistic empirical relationships for predicting the phase angle of asphalt mixtures in shear. The experimental verification confirms the good prediction accuracy of the calibrated model and proposed empirical relationships. © 2022 The Authors
|
|
| 238. |
- Zhu, Jiqing, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
-
Influence of Binder Properties on Dynamic Shear Response of Asphalt Mixture
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the RILEM International Symposium on Bituminous Materials. ISBM 2020. - Cham : Springer Science and Business Media B.V.. ; , s. 1071-1078
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- For predicting the shear-related rutting potential of asphalt pavement, it is important to understand the shear response of asphalt mixture and find the link between the mixture response and component material properties. Using controlled aggregate gradation, this paper investigates the influence of bituminous binder on the response of asphalt mixture under dynamic shear loading. Four asphalt mixtures, with two different grades of bitumen, were analysed by a simple shear test apparatus with dynamic loading. The binders, both original and after short-term aging, were characterised using a dynamic shear rheometer. The modulus and phase angle of both the asphalt mixture and bitumen samples were measured. Master curves were constructed. The results revealed that the asphalt mixture phase angle maximum, where a rutting performance indicator can be obtained, appears in a relatively narrow range of shear modulus. This range corresponds to a certain level of bitumen complex shear modulus (G*) and phase angle. By temperature sweep, a temperature value can be interpolated at the specified bitumen G* level. This temperature provides a possibility to predict the frequency of phase angle maximum for a given asphalt mixture type. It is noted that the asphalt mixture phase angle maximum corresponds to a relatively high bitumen modulus level compared to other high-temperature criteria. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
|
|
| 239. |
|
|
