| 21. |
- Aarnio, Karoliina, et al.
(författare)
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Etiologic subtypes of first and recurrent ischemic stroke in young patients using A-S-C-O and TOAST classification criteria: A retrospective follow-up study
- 2024
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Ingår i: EUROPEAN STROKE JOURNAL. - 2396-9873 .- 2396-9881.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Scarce data exist on the etiology of recurrent ischemic strokes (ISs) among young adults. We analyzed the etiology of first-ever and recurrent events and the differences between them.Patients and methods: Patients aged 15-49 years with a first-ever IS in 1994-2007 were included in the Helsinki Young Stroke Registry. In this retrospective cohort study, data on recurrent ISs were identified from Care Register for Health Care until the end of 2017 and Causes of Death Register and from patient records until the end of 2020. All first-ever and recurrent ISs were classified using Atherosclerosis-Small vessel disease-Cardioembolism-Other Cause (A-S-C-O) and Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) classifications.Results: A total of 970 patients were included (median age at index IS 46 years, interquartile range 43-48, 33% women), of which 155 (16.0%) patients had recurrent IS, with 8 (5.2%) fatal cases and 5 (3.2%) unverifiable cases. The median follow-up was 17.4 (IQR 13.9-21.7) years. Median time from the index event to the first recurrent event was 4.5 (interquartile range [IQR] 1.6-10.2) years. Recurrence was more often due to definite cardioembolism (10.7% vs 18.0%, p = 0.013), while the proportion of other definite A-S-C-O subgroups remained the same. With TOAST classification, the proportion of true cryptogenic ISs decreased (16.7% vs 6.7%, p = 0.003), while those with incomplete evaluation increased (9.3% vs 19.3%, p = 0.015). Other TOAST phenotypes remained the same.Conclusion: The proportion of definite cardioembolism increased at recurrence using the A-S-C-O classification and the number of cryptogenic ISs decreased using the TOAST classification, while cases with incomplete evaluation increased. Most etiologies remained the same.
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| 22. |
- Aaroe, Lene, et al.
(författare)
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The journalistic preference for extreme exemplars: educational socialization, psychological biases, or editorial policy?
- 2024
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION. - 0021-9916 .- 1460-2466. ; 74:1, s. 48-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exemplars are central in news reporting. However, extreme negative exemplars can bias citizens' factual perceptions and attributions of political responsibility. Nonetheless, our knowledge of the factors shaping journalistic preferences for including exemplars in news stories is limited. We investigate the extent to which educational socialization, psychological biases, and editorial policy shape journalistic preferences for extreme negative exemplars. We field large-scale survey experiments to a population sample of journalism students, a nationally representative sample of citizens, and a representative sample of "young people" and obtain evaluations of news value, newsworthiness, and behavioral measures of the actual write-up of news articles. We find significant support for the role of editorial policy and limited support for the role of educational socialization and psychological biases. In a time where economic pressures and the proliferation of digital media potentially lead editors to prioritize clickbait, these findings suggest that structural biases in news coverage may be aggravated.
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| 23. |
- Aarresloa, Outi, et al.
(författare)
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Social perspectives on athlete pathways
- 2021
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Ingår i: Research Handbook on Sports and Society. - Cheltenham : Edward Elgar. - 978 1 78990 359 1 ; , s. 213-226
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 24. |
- Aarsand, Pål, et al.
(författare)
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Documenting young people's production of visual culture: heritage as lines and movements
- 2024
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Ingår i: 7 th Biennale Association of Critical Heritage Studies Conference, 2024.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Young people are seen as both consumers and producers of culture. This can be seen in cultural heritage intuitions and how young people's cultural production is categorised, preserved and exhibited. Children’s perspectives are important in understanding what it means to be a young person at a particular moment in history, thereby to make children’s narratives and voices accessible to future generations is of most importance. The present paper scrutinizes young people’s picture practices and archive material on young people’s pictures to see what is captured. The data are part of a larger research project: Children’s cultural heritage – the visual voices of the archive and consists of ten semi-structured in-depth interviews with youngsters 11 to 20 years. Drawing on Ingolds (2007) concepts lines and meshwork, the paper discusses how young people’s pictures are created, recreated, and used in various settings. When youngsters pictures are made part of archives, this usually means that a single picture of a motif is included. The present paper argues that if the aim of the archive is to say something about what it means to be young at a particular time, then archiving pictures as single visual expressions does tell us little about how it is to be young and how young people’s picture practices looks like. Furthermore, the idea of lines may help archives to display and document children as actors, not in the sense of creating single pictures, but as individuals on the move in and across different settings with various purposes.
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| 25. |
- Aarø, L. E., et al.
(författare)
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Nordic adolescents responding to demanding survey scales in boring contexts: Examining straightlining
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Adolescence. - : Wiley. - 0140-1971 .- 1095-9254. ; 94:6, s. 829-843
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Straightlining, or identical responses across all items within a multi-item scale, is often taken as an indication that responses to all items in a questionnaire are of poor quality. The purpose of this study was to examine straightlining on two scales: The Sense of Unity Scale (SUS) and the short version of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS). Methods: Data stem from the 2017–2018 data collections in four Nordic countries of the Health Behaviour in School-children study (HBSC) (15-year-old students only; 50.9% girls; n = 5928). Data were weighted to adjust for oversampling of Swedish-speaking Finnish students and to equalize sample size across countries. The main analyses were done with general linear modeling with adjustments for cluster effects (school classes). Results: The proportion with straightlining on SUS was 22.8%, varying from 5.8% among Swedish girls to 46.4% among Finnish boys. The proportion with straightlining on SWEMWBS was 18.4%, varying from 5.2% among Norwegian girls to 46.0% among Finnish boys. Straightlining on one of the scales correlated with straightlining on the other one. Straightlining tended to inflate Cronbach's αvalues and reduce number of factors in factor analyses. Associations between the two scales and external variables tended to be lower among straightlining students. Associations between external variables (other than SUS/SWEMWBS) are on average slightly weaker among straightliners. Straightlining students obtained more favorable scores on several resource-related variables. Conclusion: Although some problems have been identified, straightlining does not serve well as a general indicator of poor data quality.
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| 26. |
- Aasvang, Gunn Marit, et al.
(författare)
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Burden of disease due to transportation noise in the Nordic countries.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Environmental research. - 1096-0953. ; 231:Pt 1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental noise is of increasing concern for public health. Quantification of associated health impacts is important for regulation and preventive strategies.To estimate the burden of disease (BoD) due to road traffic and railway noise in four Nordic countries and their capitals, in terms of DALYs (Disability-Adjusted Life Years), using comparable input data across countries.Road traffic and railway noise exposure was obtained from the noise mapping conducted according to the Environmental Noise Directive (END) as well as nationwide noise exposure assessments for Denmark and Norway. Noise annoyance, sleep disturbance and ischaemic heart disease were included as the main health outcomes, using exposure-response functions from the WHO, 2018 systematic reviews. Additional analyses included stroke and type 2 diabetes. Country-specific DALY rates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study were used as health input data.Comparable exposure data were not available on a national level for the Nordic countries, only for capital cities. The DALY rates for the capitals ranged from 329 to 485 DALYs/100,000 for road traffic noise and 44 to 146 DALY/100,000 for railway noise. Moreover, the DALY estimates for road traffic noise increased with up to 17% upon inclusion of stroke and diabetes. DALY estimates based on nationwide noise data were 51 and 133% higher than the END-based estimates, for Norway and Denmark, respectively.Further harmonization of noise exposure data is required for between-country comparisons. Moreover, nationwide noise models indicate that DALY estimates based on END considerably underestimate national BoD due to transportation noise. The health-related burden of traffic noise was comparable to that of air pollution, an established risk factor for disease in the GBD framework. Inclusion of environmental noise as a risk factor in the GBD is strongly encouraged.
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| 27. |
- Abad, C., et al.
(författare)
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On the 'Disclosure Initiative - Principles of Disclosure': The EAA Financial Reporting Standards Committee's View
- 2020
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Ingår i: Accounting in Europe. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1744-9480 .- 1744-9499. ; 17:1, s. 1-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper summarises the contents of a comment letter produced by a working group of 12 academics in response to the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) Discussion Paper on principles of disclosure. The comment letter was submitted by the Financial Reporting Standards Committee (FRSC) of the European Accounting Association (EAA). The work includes reviews of relevant academic literature of areas related to the various questions posed by the IASB in the Discussion Paper, including the 'disclosure problem' and the objective of the project, the suggested principles of effective communication, the roles of the primary financial statements and notes, the location of information and the use of performance measures. The paper also discusses the disclosure of accounting policies, the objectives of centralised disclosure, and the New Zealand Accounting Standards Board staff's approach to disclosure.
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| 28. |
- Abadie, F., et al.
(författare)
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Partial C*-dynamics and Rokhlin dimension
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems. - 0143-3857 .- 1469-4417. ; 42, s. 2991-3024
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 29. |
- Abadikhah, Marie, 1992, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of anode material and dispersal limitation on the performance and biofilm community in microbial electrolysis cells
- 2023
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Ingår i: Biofilm. - 2590-2075. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a microbial electrolysis cell (MEC), the oxidization of organic compounds is facilitated by an electrogenic biofilm on the anode surface. The biofilm community composition determines the function of the system. Both deterministic and stochastic factors affect the community, but the relative importance of different factors is poorly understood. Anode material is a deterministic factor as materials with different properties may select for different microorganisms. Ecological drift is a stochastic factor, which is amplified by dispersal limitation between communities. Here, we compared the effects of three anode materials (graphene, carbon cloth, and nickel) with the effect of dispersal limitation on the function and biofilm community assembly. Twelve MECs were operated for 56 days in four hydraulically connected loops and shotgun metagenomic sequencing was used to analyse the microbial community composition on the anode surfaces at the end of the experiment. The anode material was the most important factor affecting the performance of the MECs, explaining 54–80 % of the variance observed in peak current density, total electric charge generation, and start-up lag time, while dispersal limitation explained 10–16 % of the variance. Carbon cloth anodes had the highest current generation and shortest lag time. However, dispersal limitation was the most important factor affecting microbial community structure, explaining 61–98 % of the variance in community diversity, evenness, and the relative abundance of the most abundant taxa, while anode material explained 0–20 % of the variance. The biofilms contained nine Desulfobacterota metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), which made up 64–89 % of the communities and were likely responsible for electricity generation in the MECs. Different MAGs dominated in different MECs. Particularly two different genotypes related to Geobacter benzoatilyticus competed for dominance on the anodes and reached relative abundances up to 83 %. The winning genotype was the same in all MECs that were hydraulically connected irrespective of anode material used.
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| 30. |
- Abadikhah, Marie, 1992, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence of competition between electrogens shaping electroactive microbial communities in microbial electrolysis cells
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Microbiology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-302X. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In single-chamber microbial electrolysis cells (MECs), organic compounds are oxidized at the anode, liberating electrons that are used for hydrogen evolution at the cathode. Microbial communities on the anode and cathode surfaces and in the bulk liquid determine the function of the MEC. The communities are complex, and their assembly processes are poorly understood. We investigated MEC performance and community composition in nine MECs with a carbon cloth anode and a cathode of carbon nanoparticles, titanium, or stainless steel. Differences in lag time during the startup of replicate MECs suggested that the initial colonization by electrogenic bacteria was stochastic. A network analysis revealed negative correlations between different putatively electrogenic Deltaproteobacteria on the anode. Proximity to the conductive anode surface is important for electrogens, so the competition for space could explain the observed negative correlations. The cathode communities were dominated by hydrogen-utilizing taxa such as Methanobacterium and had a much lower proportion of negative correlations than the anodes. This could be explained by the diffusion of hydrogen throughout the cathode biofilms, reducing the need to compete for space.
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