| 21. |
- Andersson, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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The stress-elongation relation for an adhesive layer loaded in peel using equilibrium of energetic forces
- 2004
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Ingår i: International Journal of Solids and Structures. - : Elsevier. - 0020-7683 .- 1879-2146. ; 41:2, s. 413-434
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An experimental method to determine the stress–elongation relation for a thin adhesive layer loaded in peel is presented. The method is based on equilibrium of the energetic forces acting on a DCB-specimen. These energetic forces are identified to be associated with the geometrical positions of the acting loads and the start of the adhesive layer. The first energetic force is shown to be given by the product of the force and the rotation of the loading point. The second energetic force is shown to be given by the area under the stress–elongation curve for the adhesive layer. Using equilibrium of these energetic forces, the shape of the stress–elongation curve is determined. A test set-up is developed to facilitate the experiments. Special consideration is given to the accuracy of the measurement of the elongation of the adhesive. Results from two sets of experiments with slightly varying geometry are presented. The main result is that the stress–elongation relation can be described by a curve divided into three parts; initially the stress increases proportionally to the elongation. This corresponds to a linear elastic behaviour of the layer. The next part is given by a constant limiting stress. The curve ends with a parabolically softening part. After this point, a crack has been initiated in the adhesive. The experimental results are first compared to an asymptotic analysis using linear elastic fracture mechanics. This shows that the new method to evaluate the fracture energy gives consistent results. The experiments are also simulated using the measured stress–elongation law. Good agreement with the experiments is achieved which further validates the method. The fracture energy and the maximum peel stress are found to agree well within each set of experiments. Some variation is found between the two sets. This is accredited to differences in fracture initiation
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| 22. |
- Atif, Yacine, 1967-
(författare)
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Building Trust in E-Commerce
- 2002
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Ingår i: IEEE Internet Computing. - USA : IEEE Computer Society. - 1089-7801 .- 1941-0131. ; 6:1, s. 18-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A network of Internet-based intermediaries that guarantee delivery and payment in e-commerce could help bolster consumer and merchant confidence.
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| 23. |
- Backlund, Per
(författare)
-
Adopting the Knowledge Embedded in New Methods : the Challenge of Aligning Old and New Practices
- 2004
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Ingår i: the 12th European Conference on Information Systems. - : Turkku School of Economics and Business Administration.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are many reports on how Information Systems Development (ISD) methods are adapted before they are used. The need to customise methods is explained by the variety of systems that are developed and the various situations in which information systems can be developed. This means that the development process knowledge embedded in an ISD method can be used in different ways in different situations. The study presented in this paper is a follow up of a study of how a widespread ISD method was adapted and introduced in an organisation. In this paper we focus on how the development method was actually used in a project. The paper extends an earlier model of analysis for characterising information systems development in terms of knowledge work. The model recognises four classes of knowledge work: routine, craft-like, professional, and creative knowledge work. We use that particular model to elaborate on how the various kinds of knowledge work presented interact in an actual development situation. The main contributions of the paper are the application of the analysis model on an empirical case and the extension of the analysis model to comprise the interactions between the different types of knowledge work.
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| 24. |
- Backlund, Per
(författare)
-
Development Process Knowledge Transfer through Method Adaptation, Implementation, and Use
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Information Systems Engineering (ISE) is an interdisciplinary approach to enable the realisation of successful information systems in a broad sense. ISE comprises a number of areas of expertise that must be integrated and managed in order to build information systems. Since ISE is becoming progressively more complex there is an increasing need to codify and manage knowledge within and about the ISE process. From a knowledge perspective the different model types created in an ISE project are examples of codified knowledge about the future system. The descriptions of how work should proceed are examples of codified knowledge of the process of creating the system. In summary, one of the main concerns in the ISE process is to manage the substantial amount of knowledge associated with the process as such as well as with the target domain of the actual development project and the developed software. In the thesis I recognise three areas of knowledge in ISE: development process knowledge, target domain knowledge, and software knowledge. Furthermore, I use a set of knowledge perspectives in order to describe and analyse ISE from a knowledge perspective. Finally, I introduce three aspects: organisation, artefact, and individual in order to be able to discuss and analyse how methods are actually used in organisations and how they affect the work situation. The results are presented in the form of a framework for knowledge transfer in ISE that comprises the knowledge perspective, the knowledge area, and the aspect of knowledge transfer. The framework is thus used to analyse the results from the six papers enclosed in the thesis. The results also comprise an empirical characterisation of a method in use which is based on data collected during an ethnographical study. Finally the results are made concrete in the form of a pattern collection for method introduction and method use.
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| 25. |
- Backlund, Per
(författare)
-
Identifying Situational Factors for IS development Processes : Applying the Method-in-Action Framework
- 2002
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Ingår i: AMCIS 2002 Proceedings. - : Association for Information Systems. ; , s. 1370-1380
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are a large number of Information Systems Engineering methods available. The aim of these methods is to support the development process. In doing so, they become subject to the forces, which have an impact on the development process. The paper applies the method-in-action framework on four different cases in order to describe the adaptations, which are made when utilising a method. The situational factors and methodological issues identified in this project show that the method-in-action framework may be used in order to extend the area of use for situational factors. We have also identified some factors, which supplement the characteristics of the sets of factors in the method-in-action framework.
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| 26. |
- Backlund, Per
(författare)
-
Introducing New IT Project Management Practices : a Case Study
- 2004
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Ingår i: AMCIS 2004 Proceedings. ; , s. 784-792
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increasing complexity of information systems development (ISD) projects calls for improved project management practices. This, together with an endeavor to improve the success rate of ISD projects, has served as drivers for various efforts in process improvement such as the introduction of new development methods. An ISD method may be perceived as a means for managing projects. Commercial development methods are typically combined with in-house methods for managing parts of the development process. In this paper we investigate in what way in-house methods and commercial methods are combined and used in an ISD project. In order to get a better understanding for how these issues are actually dealt with in the daily work, we have followed a project with a focus on how the group and the individuals implement the managerial decision to introduce a new development method.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Backlund, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Transfer of Development Process Knowledge through Method Adaptation and Implementation
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 11th European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS 2003). - : Association for Information Systems.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Knowledge transfer is one of the key problem areas in knowledge management. This paper focuses on the transfer of knowledge about the software development process. There is an aim to improve process knowledge and one way of doing it is to introduce commercial development methods. However, doing this is not an easy task. We present a study of how such an introduction of a widespread method was carried out in two large software development organisations. We conclude that a new method has to be adapted and implemented in the organisation in order to make it a part of the organisation specific knowledge base. The new method has to become an integrated part of the existing development process knowledge of the organisation, meaning that it has to be adapted to fit with other organisation specific processes. The ability to do so is the absorptive capacity: the capability to identify and recognise the value of new external knowledge, assimilate it, and apply it.
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| 30. |
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