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| 23. |
- Strand, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Fly ash penetration through electrostatic precipitator and flue gas condenser in a 6 MW biomass fired boiler
- 2002
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Ingår i: Energy & Fuels. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0887-0624 .- 1520-5029. ; 16:6, s. 1499-1506
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of an electrostatic precipitator and a flue gas condenser on size resolved fly ash particle concentration and composition were studied in a 6 MW biomass combustion unit, fired with moist forest residue. The boiler was of moving grate type. The fly ash particles were sampled upstream and downstream of the electrostatic precipitator and flue gas condenser, respectively. Fine particle number size distributions were measured using an electric mobility spectrometer (SMPS) and coarse particle number size distributions were measured using a time-of-flight instrument (APS). The mass size distributions were measured using a multi-jet low pressure cascade impactor (DLPI). For chemical analyses of the impactor substrates particle induced X-ray emission analysis (PIXE) was used. After the flue gas passed the electrostatic precipitator (ESP), the fly ash particle concentration was reduced by approximately 96% by number and 83% by mass. After the particles passed the flue gas condenser, particle number concentration was only marginally altered, whereas the mass concentration was reduced by half. Both the ESP and the condenser showed, size dependent particle separation efficiency. The main elements (Z > 12) in the fine fly ash fraction were K, S, and Cl, whereas the main elements in the coarse fraction were Ca, K, S, and Cl. After passing the ESP the mass ratio of Ca decreased in the coarse fraction, while the ratios of K, S, and Cl increased, indicating transference of fly ash material from the fine to the coarse particle fraction. There was no significant difference in the elemental composition for any particle size fraction sampled upstream or downstream of the condenser.
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| 28. |
- Wierzbicka, Aneta, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental Studies on Particle Emissions from Grate Fired Biomass Combustion Boilers
- 2002
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Ingår i: ; , s. 1054-1056
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fine particle emissions were measured at two commercial grate fired boilers operating on moist fuel residues. The aim of this study was to characterize fine particle emissions with a view to pinpoint parameters influencing the emissions. Additionally effectiveness of used flue gas cleaning techniques was assessed. The results show that large quantities of fine particles are emitted to the atmosphere from both boilers. From 1 MW boiler equipped only in multicyclone 4.8*107 of particles/cm3 (particles with diameter smaller than 0.6 μm) are emitted to the atmosphere. From 6 MW boiler equipped in multicyclone, ESP and flue gas condenser 1.7*106 of particles/cm3 (< 0.6 μm) end up in the atmosphere. Significant fluctuations in the coarse mode (1-10 μm) number concentration over time were observed in 1 MW boiler (between 100 and 10000 particles/cm3) and these were much higher than in 6 MW boiler (between 6000 and 11000 particles/cm3). Operating load showed to have a significant influence on coarse particles number concentration. Collection efficiency of ESP was assessed for about 96% by number and 83% by mass. Number concentration of particles passing through the flue gas condenser was close to unaltered, while mass concentration was reduced by half.
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