| 21. |
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| 22. |
- White, M., et al.
(författare)
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Cold-water coral ecosystem (Tisler Reef, Norwegian Shelf) may be a hotspot for carbon cycling
- 2012
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Ingår i: Marine Ecology-Progress Series. - : Inter-Research Science Center. - 0171-8630 .- 1616-1599. ; 465, s. 11-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cold-water coral (CWC) reefs are recognised as an important marine benthic eco system at continental margins. Where abundant, they most likely play a role both in the maintenance of biodiversity and in the provision of ecosystem services provided by shelf seas. Here, we directly measure the community respiration of a CWC reef on the Norwegian shelf and show that rates of oxygen uptake are high in summer (25-88 mmol O-2 m(-2) d(-1)), with lower spring values (7.5-9 mmol O-2 m(-2) d(-1)). Spring uptake rates are comparable to values at shelf sediments at similar water depths, while summer values are much higher. We calculate that with such high respiration rates, CWC reef ecosystems potentially turnover a significant proportion (similar to 25%) of the annual shelf carbon export in the Norwegian Sea, where CWC reefs are abundant. The loss of CWCs through physical destruction or ocean acidification may have a significant impact on local carbon cycling in the mid-to high-latitude North Atlantic Ocean.
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| 23. |
- Alajbeg, Ivan, et al.
(författare)
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Intraoralelectrostimulator for xerostomia relief : along-term, multicenter, open-label, uncontrolled, clinical trial
- 2012
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Ingår i: Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology. - : Elsevier. - 2212-4403 .- 2212-4411. ; 113:6, s. 773-781
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: A previous sham-controlled multinational study demonstrated the short-term efficacy and safety for xerostomia treatment of an intraoral device that delivers electrostimulation to the lingual nerve. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that those beneficial effects would be sustained over an 11-month period. STUDY DESIGN: The device was tested on a mixed sample of 94 patients with xerostomia in an open-label, uncontrolled, prospective multicenter trial. Statutory outcome assessments were done at 5th, 8th, and 11th months and analyzed by multiple comparisons. RESULTS: Improvements achieved at month 5 from baseline were sustained throughout the follow-up period for the primary outcome, xerostomia severity, and the secondary outcomes resting whole salivary flow rate, xerostomia frequency, oral discomfort, and difficulties in speech, swallowing, and sleeping. No significant side effects were detected. CONCLUSIONS: The beneficial effects of a removable intraoral electrostimulating device were sustained for an 11-month period.
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| 24. |
- Anthoni, M, et al.
(författare)
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Smad3 regulates dermal cytokine and chemokine expression and specific antibody production in murine responses to a respiratory chemical sensitizer
- 2010
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Ingår i: International archives of allergy and immunology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1423-0097 .- 1018-2438. ; 151:2, s. 155-167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <i>Background:</i> The cytokine transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β) has important regulatory roles in the immune system. To investigate the role of intact TGF-β signaling during the contact hypersensitivity (CHS) response to a respiratory allergen, we exposed Smad3–/– mice to topical trimellitic anhydride (TMA). <i>Methods:</i> CHS was induced by topical application of TMA. The swelling of the TMA-exposed ears was analyzed, and lymph node, ear tissue and skin biopsies were collected for RNA isolation, histology and histochemical analyses. Lymph node cell proliferation was measured and blood samples were collected for analysis of TMA-specific immunoglobulin. <i>Results:</i> Topical TMA exposure resulted in increased mRNA expression of proinflammatory and suppressive cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17, IL-23, TGF-β), chemokines (CXCL9, CXCL10, CCL24) and chemokine receptors (CCR7, CCR8, CXCR2), increased numbers of CD3+ T cells in ear tissue, and lymphadenopathy in the Smad3–/– mice. The IL-10 result was confirmed at the protein level by immunohistochemistry. However, the ear-swelling response and infiltration of eosinophils, F4/80+ cells, CD11c+ cells and mast cells were similar in the Smad3–/– mice compared to their wild-type (WT) siblings. While TMA-specific IgE was induced equally in the WT and Smad3–/– mice, the concentration of TMA-specific IgG2a was significantly lower in the Smad3–/– mice. <i>Conclusions:</i> The Smad3 molecule contributes significantly to the regulation of the cytokine and chemokine network during the CHS response to TMA. The lack of Smad3 resulted in a potent Th2 shift, confirmed by strongly impaired IgG2a levels.
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| 25. |
- Barker, Philip A., et al.
(författare)
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Carbon cycling within an East African lake revealed by the carbon isotope composition of diatom silica: a 25-ka record from Lake Challa, Mt. Kilimanjaro
- 2013
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Ingår i: Quaternary Science Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0277-3791. ; 66, s. 55-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The carbon cycle of a lake is a balance between supply from the atmosphere and catchment, and the net demand exerted by primary producers, minus losses back to the atmosphere and to sediment storage. Evaluating the sum of these processes and reconstructing them from sediment records of lake history requires a range of methods and a multi-proxy approach. One promising technique is to explore the carbon-isotope composition (delta C-13(diatom)) of organic matter incorporated within the silica frustules of diatom algae. Here we present a 25,000-year record of delta C-13(diatom) from the sediments of crater Lake Challa on the eastern flank of Mt. Kilimanjaro, and along with other proxy data we make inferences about the three major phases in the history of the lake's carbon cycle. From 25 ka to 15.8 ka years BP, delta C-13(diatom) is positively correlated with the delta C-13 of bulk sediment organic matter (delta C-13(bulk)), indicating that high diatom productivity, as recorded by high % biogenic silica at this time, was preferentially removing C-12 and enriching the delta C-13 of lake-water dissolved inorganic carbon. From 15.8 to 5.5 ka the correlation between delta C-13(diatom) and delta C-13(bulk) breaks down, suggesting carbon supply to the lake satisfied or exceeded the demand from productivity. From 5.5 ka BP the positive correlation resumes, indicating an increase in the internal demand for carbon relative to external supply. Diatom frustule-bound carbon isotopes offer an original tool in examining long-term fluctuations in a lake's carbon budget and how the balance between supply and demand has changed through time. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 26. |
- Benderius, Ola, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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A simulation environment for analysis and optimization of driver models
- 2011
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Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics). - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 1611-3349 .- 0302-9743. - 9783642217982 ; 6777, s. 453-462
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A simulation environment for evaluation and optimization of driver models is introduced and described. The simulation environment features models of vehicles and drivers, as well as a representation of the traffic environment (roads, buildings etc.). In addition, an optimization framework based on stochastic optimization algorithms has been implemented as an integral part of the simulation environment. Given observed (time series) data of driver behavior and, possibly, vehicle dynamics, the optimization framework can be used for inferring driver model parameters. The simulation environment has been evaluated in two scenarios, one involving emergency braking and one involving a double lane change.
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| 27. |
- Benderius, Ola, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Driver behaviour in unexpected critical events and in repeated exposures – a comparison
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Transport Research Review. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1867-0717 .- 1866-8887. ; 6:1, s. 51-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeThis paper aims to determine how truck driver steering behaviour seen in repeated exposures to acritical event correlates to the behaviour resulting from an unexpected exposure to the same event.MethodsTest subjects were exposed to an unexpected critical event in a high-fidelity driving simulator. Next, a slightly modified version of the scenario was repeated several times for each subject. The driver behaviour was then analysed using standard statistical tests.ResultsIt was found that, in general, drivers keep most of their steering behaviour characteristics between test settings (unexpected and repeated). This is particularly interesting sincea similar kind of behaviour preservation is generally not found in the case of braking behaviour. In fact, onlyone significant difference was found between the two test settings, namely regarding time-to-collision at steering initiation.ConclusionsIn experiments involving both an unexpected event and several repeated events one can,at least in some cases, design the repeated event such that behavioural data collected from that setting can beused along with data from the unexpected setting. Using this procedure, one can significantly increase the amount of collected data, something that can strongly benefit, for example, driver modelling.
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| 28. |
- Bruessing, F., et al.
(författare)
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Magnetization and magnetization reversal in epitaxial Fe/Cr/Co asymmetric spin-valve systems
- 2012
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 85:17, s. 174409-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have investigated asymmetric Fe/Cr/Co/Cr superlattices with two magnetic layers of Fe and Co, which are different with respect to their magnetic properties: magnetization, coercivity, and magnetic anisotropy. The magnetic layers are weakly coupled via a mediating Cr spacer layer providing an antiferromagnetic alignment of adjacent layers. The magnetic structure of these spin-valve-like Fe/Cr/Co/Cr superlattices was analyzed from the remanent state up to saturation via polarized neutron scattering and polarized neutron reflectivity (PNR). Furthermore, the domain structure in remanence was imaged via polarized x-ray photoemission electron microscopy (XPEEM). This analysis reveals that the Co magnetization strongly affects the Fe domain structure, while the layer magnetization is collinear from the remanent antiparallel state up to the ferromagnetic saturation state. However, for certain Co layer thicknesses, the as-grown remanent state exhibits a noncollinear antiferromagnetic spin structure, which cannot be recovered after applying a magnetic field. However, the noncollinear structure is reproducible with freshly grown superlattices.
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