| 21. |
- Dekhtyar, Serhiy, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic risk of dementia mitigated by cognitive reserve : A cohort study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Annals of Neurology. - : Wiley. - 0364-5134 .- 1531-8249. ; 86:1, s. 68-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective We investigated whether cognitive reserve modifies the risk of dementia attributable to apolipoprotein epsilon 4 (APOE-epsilon 4), a well-known genetic risk factor for dementia. Methods We followed 2,556 cognitively intact participants aged >= 60 years from the ongoing prospective community-based Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K). Dementia was ascertained through clinical and neuropsychological assessments and diagnosed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria. Structural equation modeling was used to generate a cognitive reserve indicator from 4 previously validated contributors: early life education, midlife substantive work complexity, late life leisure activities, and late life social networks. Cox proportional hazard models estimated dementia risk in relation to cognitive reserve indicator. The interaction between the cognitive reserve indicator and APOE-epsilon 4 was assessed on multiplicative and additive scales. Results After an average of 6.3 years (range = 2.1-10.7) of follow-up, 232 dementia cases were ascertained. Relative to individuals in the lowest tertile of cognitive reserve indicator, those with moderate and high reserve were at a reduced risk of dementia. There was no multiplicative interaction between APOE-epsilon 4 status and cognitive reserve indicator (p = 0.113). Additive interaction was statistically significant. Relative to APOE-epsilon 4 carriers with low cognitive reserve, epsilon 4 carriers with high reserve had a reduced risk of dementia (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.13-0.59). The magnitude of risk reduction was similar in epsilon 4 noncarriers with a high cognitive reserve indicator (HR = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.15-0.40). Interpretation Lifelong engagement in reserve-enhancing activities attenuates the risk of dementia attributable to APOE-epsilon 4. Promoting cognitive reserve might be especially effective in subpopulations with high genetic risk of dementia. ANN NEUROL 2019
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| 22. |
- Ding, Zhoujie, et al.
(författare)
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IgE-mediated enhancement of CD4(+) T cell responses requires antigen presentation by CD8 alpha(-) conventional dendritic cells
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IgE, forming an immune complex with small proteins, can enhance the specific antibody and CD4(+) T cell responses in vivo. The effects require the presence of CD23 (Fc epsilon-receptor II)(+) B cells, which capture IgE-complexed antigens (Ag) in the circulation and transport them to splenic B cell follicles. In addition, also CD11c(+) cells, which do not express CD23, are required for IgE-mediated enhancement of T cell responses. This suggests that some type of dendritic cell obtains IgE-Ag complexes from B cells and presents antigenic peptides to T cells. To elucidate the nature of this dendritic cell, mice were immunized with ovalbumin (OVA)-specific IgE and OVA, and different populations of CD11c(+) cells, obtained from the spleens four hours after immunization, were tested for their ability to present OVA. CD8 alpha(-) conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) were much more efficient in inducing specific CD4(+) T cell proliferation ex vivo than were CD8 alpha(+) cDCs or plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Thus, IgE-Ag complexes administered intravenously are rapidly transported to the spleen by recirculating B cells where they are delivered to CD8 alpha(-) cDCs which induce proliferation of CD4(+) T cells.
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| 23. |
- Gong, Qingyuan, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the power of social hub services
- 2019
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Ingår i: World wide web (Bussum). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1386-145X .- 1573-1413. ; 22:6, s. 2825-2852
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Given the diverse focuses of emerging online social networks (OSNs), it is common that a user has signed up on multiple OSNs. Social hub services, a.k.a., social directory services, help each user manage and exhibit her OSN accounts on one webpage. In this work, we conduct a data-driven study by crawling over one million user profiles from about.me, a representative online social hub service. Our study aims at gaining insights on cross-OSN social influence from the crawled data. We first analyze the composition of the social hub users. For each user, we collect her social accounts from her social hub webpage, and aggregate the content generated by these accounts on different OSNs to gain a comprehensive view of this user. According to our analysis, there is a high probability that a user would provide consistent information on different OSNs. We then explore the correlation between user activities on different OSNs, based on which we propose a cross-OSN social influence prediction model. With the model, we can accurately predict a user’s social influence on emerging OSNs, such as Instagram, Foursquare, and Flickr, based on her data published on well-established OSNs like Twitter.
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| 24. |
- Huang, Hui-Run, et al.
(författare)
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Homeologue-specific expression divergence in the recently formed tetraploid Capsella bursa-pastoris (Brassicaceae)
- 2018
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Ingår i: New Phytologist. - : Wiley. - 0028-646X .- 1469-8137. ; 220:2, s. 624-635
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Following allopolyploid formation, extensive genome evolution occurs, with the eventual loss of many homeologous gene copies. Although this process of diploidization has occurred many times independently, the evolutionary forces determining the probability and rate of gene loss remain poorly understood. Here, we conduct genome and transcriptome sequencing in a broad sample of Chinese accessions of Capsella bursa-pastoris, a recently formed allotetraploid. Our whole genome data reveal three groups of these accessions: an Eastern group from low-altitude regions, a Western group from high-altitude regions, and a much more differentiated Northwestern group. Population differentiation in total expression was limited among closely related populations; by contrast, the relative expression of the two homeologous copies closely mirrors the genome-wide SNP divergence. Consistent with this, we observe a negative correlation between expression changes in the two homeologues. However, genes showing population genomic evidence for adaptive evolution do not show an enrichment for expression divergence between homeologues, providing no clear evidence for adaptive shifts in relative gene expression. Overall, these patterns suggest that neutral drift may contribute to the population differentiation in the expression of the homeologues, and drive eventual gene loss over longer periods of time.
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| 25. |
- Li, Jia Kai, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of growth conditions on optical quality and surface morphology of InGaAsBi
- 2018
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Ingår i: Chinese Physics B. - : IOP Publishing. - 1674-1056. ; 27:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of Bi flux and pressure of AsH3 on Bi incorporation, surface morphology and optical properties of In-GaAsBi grown by gas source molecular beam epitaxy are studied. It is found that using relatively low pressure of AsH 3 and high Bi flux can strengthen the effect on the incorporation of Bi and increase its content linearly with Bi flux until it nearly reaches a saturation value. The result from Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) confirms that the Bi incorporation can increase up to 1.13%. By adjusting Bi and As flux, we could improve the surface morphology of InGaAsBi sample. Room temperature photoluminescence shows strong and broad light emission at energy levels much smaller than the InGaAs bandgap.
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| 26. |
- Liu, Yang, et al.
(författare)
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Atomic layered titanium sulfide quantum dots as electrocatalysts for enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction
- 2018
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Ingår i: Advanced Materials Interfaces. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2196-7350. ; 5:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The overall electrocatalytic activity toward hydrogen evolution reaction for layered transition metal dichalcogenides is governed by their intrinsic activity, the corresponding density of active sites, and the electron transfer resistance. Here, nanoengineering strategies to scale down both the lateral size and thickness of layered 1T-TiS2 powder to quantum dots (QDs) by bath sonication and probing sonication incision are employed. Uniform lateral size of 3-6 nm in the resulting QDs enhances the density of edge sites while the atomic layer thickness (1-2 nm) facilitates the electron transfer from the substrate to the edge sites. The obtained TiS2 QDs exhibit superior hydrogen evolution reaction activity over TiS2 nanosheets and MoS2 QDs prepared by the same method. The turnover frequency of TiS2 QDs with a small loading of 0.7 ng cm(-2) in an optimal deposition on electrode reached approximate to 2.0 s(-1) at an overpotential of -0.2 V versus RHE, several orders of magnitude higher than TiS2 nanosheets (0.01 s(-1)) and MoS2 QDs (0.07 s(-1)).
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| 27. |
- Luo, Ning, et al.
(författare)
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Band-inverted gaps in InAs/GaSb and GaSb/InAs core-shell nanowires
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The [111]-oriented InAs/GaSb and GaSb/InAs core-shell nanowires have been studied by the 8 × 8 Luttinger-Kohn "Equation missing" Hamiltonian to search for non-vanishing fundamental gaps between inverted electron and hole bands. We focus on the variations of the band-inverted fundamental gap, the hybridization gap, and the effective gap with the core radius and shell thickness of the nanowires. The evolutions of all the energy gaps with the structural parameters are shown to be dominantly governed by the effect of quantum confinement. With a fixed core radius, a band-inverted fundamental gap exists only at intermediate shell thicknesses. The maximum band-inverted gap found is ~4.4 meV for GaSb/InAs and ~3.5 meV for InAs/GaSb core-shell nanowires, and for the GaSb/InAs core-shell nanowires the gap persists over a wider range of geometrical parameters. The intrinsic reason for these differences between the two types of nanowires is that in the shell the electron-like states of InAs is more delocalized than the hole-like state of GaSb, while in the core the hole-like state of GaSb is more delocalized than the electron-like state of InAs, and both favor a stronger electron-hole hybridization.
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| 28. |
- Ma, Fei, et al.
(författare)
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Association of Leukocyte Telomere Length with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease : Role of Folate and Homocysteine
- 2019
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 48:1-2, s. 56-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is associated with the aging process and age-related degenerative diseases. The relation of peripheral blood LTL to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the role of folate and homocysteine (Hcy) in this relation remain unclear.Objectives: We aimed to investigate the association between LTL and the risks of MCI/AD, and to explore whether folate and Hcy may play a role in this association.Methods: This case-control study included 129 MCI subjects, 131 AD patients and 134 healthy controls. LTL was assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. Serum folate levels were tested by chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay, and serum Hcy levels were measured using the enzymatic cycling method. Data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression and multivariable linear regression with adjustment for potential confounders.Results: The mean LTL was 1.56 +/- 0.25 in controls, 1.44 +/- 0.23 in MCI, and 1.28 +/- 0.28 in AD patients (p< 0.01). In multivariate logistic regression, subjects in the longest LTL tertile had lower OR for MCI (OR 0.246; 95% CI 0.101-0.597) and AD (OR 0.123; 95% CI 0.044-0.345) in comparison to subjects in the shortest tertile. Shorter LTL was dose-dependently related to the ORs of MCI and AD. Further, serum folate concentration was positively associated with LTL (p < 0.01), while serum Hcy level was negatively associated with LTL (p < 0.05). In stratified analyses, LTL-MCI/AD association varied by serum folate and Hcy level. Conclusions: Shorter LTL is associated with the risks of MCI/AD. Folate and Hcy might play an important role in this association.
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| 29. |
- Marseglia, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Participating in Mental, Social, and Physical Leisure Activities and Having a Rich Social Network Reduce the Incidence of Diabetes-Related Dementia in a Cohort of Swedish Older Adults
- 2019
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Ingår i: Diabetes Care. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0149-5992 .- 1935-5548. ; 42:2, s. 232-239
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVEThe effect of a healthy lifestyle on diabetes-related dementia remains unknown. We examined whether an active lifestyle and rich social network may counteract the increased risk of dementia in people with diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSDementia-free older adults from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K) (n = 2,650) were followed up for 10 years. Diabetes was ascertained on the basis of medical history, medication use, medical records, or glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) 6.5% and prediabetes as HbA(1c) between 5.7 and 6.5%. Dementia was diagnosed by specialists following standard criteria. An active lifestyle was defined as a moderate to high (vs. low) level of engagement in leisure activities or a rich social network (having moderate to rich [vs. poor] social connections and support). Hazard ratios (HRs) of dementia risk were derived from Cox regression models.RESULTSThere were 246 incident dementia cases during follow-up. Those with diabetes (n = 243), but not those with prediabetes (n = 921), had greater risk of dementia (adjusted HR 2.0 [95% CI 1.4-2.9]) than diabetes-free participants. Participants with diabetes but low level of engagement in leisure activities (HR 4.2 [95% CI 2.2-8.2]) or a poor social network (HR 3.4 [95% CI 1.9-6.1]) had greater dementia risk than diabetes-free participants with moderate to high levels of leisure activity engagement or a moderate to rich social network. In participants with diabetes, an active lifestyle (high level of engagement in leisure activities or a rich social network) was associated with less of a raised risk (HR 1.9 [95% CI 1.1-3.4]).CONCLUSIONSAn active and socially integrated lifestyle may significantly counteract the detrimental effect of diabetes on dementia risk.
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| 30. |
- Miller, V., et al.
(författare)
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Availability, affordability, and consumption of fruits and vegetables in 18 countries across income levels: findings from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Lancet Global Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-109X. ; 4:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Several international guidelines recommend the consumption of two servings of fruits and three servings of vegetables per day, but their intake is thought to be low worldwide. We aimed to determine the extent to which such low intake is related to availability and affordability. Methods We assessed fruit and vegetable consumption using data from country-specific, validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires in the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study, which enrolled participants from communities in 18 countries between Jan 1, 2003, and Dec 31, 2013. We documented household income data from participants in these communities; we also recorded the diversity and non-sale prices of fruits and vegetables from grocery stores and market places between Jan 1, 2009, and Dec 31, 2013. We determined the cost of fruits and vegetables relative to income per household member. Linear random effects models, adjusting for the clustering of households within communities, were used to assess mean fruit and vegetable intake by their relative cost. Findings Of 143 305 participants who reported plausible energy intake in the food frequency questionnaire, mean fruit and vegetable intake was 3.76 servings (95% CI 3.66-3.86) per day. Mean daily consumption was 2.14 servings (1.93-2.36) in low-income countries (LICs), 3.17 servings (2.99-3.35) in lower-middle-income countries (LMICs), 4.31 servings (4.09-4.53) in upper-middle-income countries (UMICs), and 5.42 servings (5.13-5.71) in high-income countries (HICs). In 130 402 participants who had household income data available, the cost of two servings of fruits and three servings of vegetables per day per individual accounted for 51.97% (95% CI 46.06-57.88) of household income in LICs, 18.10% (14.53-21.68) in LMICs, 15.87% (11.51-20.23) in UMICs, and 1.85% (-3.90 to 7.59) in HICs (p(trend) = 0.0001). In all regions, a higher percentage of income to meet the guidelines was required in rural areas than in urban areas (p<0.0001 for each pairwise comparison). Fruit and vegetable consumption among individuals decreased as the relative cost increased (p(trend) = 0.00040). Interpretation The consumption of fruit and vegetables is low worldwide, particularly in LICs, and this is associated with low aff ordability. Policies worldwide should enhance the availability and aff ordability of fruits and vegetables.
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