| 3551. |
- Bauer, Fredric, et al.
(författare)
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Plastics and climate change breaking carbon lock-ins through three mitigation pathways
- 2022
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Ingår i: One Earth. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 5:4, s. 361-376
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The plastic industry is dependent on fossil fuels in various ways that result in strong “carbon lock-in” throughout the value chain and large and growing CO2 emissions. The industry must decarbonize to reach global net-zero pledges. Although a few initiatives have been launched, they primarily focus on plastic waste. Current research has investigated mitigation potential on different parts of the plastic value chain but remains in silos. Here, we review carbon lock-ins throughout the plastic value chain and identify possible mitigation pathways for each stage of the plastic life cycle. We show how lock-ins are stubbornly entrenched across the domains of production, markets, waste management, industry organization, and governance. Overcoming these carbon lock-ins and achieving zero-carbon targets for the sector by 2050 will require thorough systemic change to how plastics are produced, used, and recycled, including promotion of demand reduction strategies, bio-based feedstocks, and circular economy principles. Strict governance structures, enforceable regulation, and a new proactive and inclusive vision for the low-carbon transition are equally important.
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| 3552. |
- Bauer, Fredric
(författare)
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The US and China Should Push for an Ambitious Plastics Treaty
- 2023
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Ingår i: Common Dreams.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- With the two nations taking steps towards a more harmonized agenda on climate change mitigation, we would expect these leading plastic producer countries to also show leadership in relation to plastics.
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| 3553. |
- Bauer, Margret, et al.
(författare)
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A Workplace Equality Workshop for the Control Engineering Classroom
- 2022. - 17
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Ingår i: IFAC-PapersOnLine. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-8963. ; 55, s. 97-102
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Engineering, in general, is a non-diverse profession around the globe. Women are one group of minorities in engineering. Despite the fact that control engineering is heavily based on mathematics, which has a larger number of female students, it has the same proportion of women as other engineering disciplines. To address the issue of low female participation in engineering disciplines both at university and, more importantly, in career, we have developed a workshop that can be carried out in a 90-minute-lecture in the classroom. In this paper, we first explain the context and need for such a workshop and then present the contents of the developed material as a resource for colleagues in the control engineering community.
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| 3554. |
- Bauer, Margret, et al.
(författare)
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Navigating Language and Terminology in Automatic Control Literature
- 2024
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Ingår i: IFAC Proceedings Volumes (IFAC-PapersOnline). - 2405-8963.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Much of our understanding of automatic control relies on descriptions and words. While rooted in mathematical theory, control is generally explained using examples and abstraction. Different terminology is used in different textbooks which can lead to inadvertent miscommunication. Here, the terminology introduced in the most frequently used textbooks is collated. The paper addresses lecturers, students and industrial practitioners alike, who need to communicate, not only for understanding but also when building control systems. The focus is on English terminology of the single control loop and the PID controller. A section is dedicated to the Swedish and German language, highlighting helpful as well as obstructive vocabulary. This article provides an overview to raise awareness and to serve as a basis for discussion. It is not intended to be a complete list of words that should or should not be used.
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| 3555. |
- Bauer, Margret, et al.
(författare)
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What control engineers should know about industry 4.0
- 2023
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Ingår i: InTech. - 0192-303X. ; :October 2023, s. 13-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Control engineering is a well-established discipline with a long and prominent his-tory1. It is diverse in its applications but has a strong unifying core to it: the notion ofdynamic systems and control theory. Many engineers will have encountered it as partof their education, as control engineering courses are taught to electrical, mechanical,chemical, aerospace, and industrial engineers. Quite often, though, this is the onlytime that engineers consciously encounter the subject of control systems.While control engineering is rooted in mathematical theory and tools, Industry 4.0relies on a variety of technologies. Industry 4.0 is a new and still-evolving paradigm inwhich digitalization is expected to revolutionize industry and core technologies arestill emerging. The term was coined in 2011.
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| 3556. |
- Baughn, Linda B., et al.
(författare)
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Targeting TMPRSS2 in SARS-CoV-2 Infection
- 2020
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Ingår i: Mayo Clinic Proceedings. - : Elsevier BV. - 0025-6196. ; 95:9, s. 1989-1999
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly caused a global pandemic associated with a novel respiratory infection: coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) is necessary to facilitate SARS-CoV-2 infection, but—owing to its essential metabolic roles—it may be difficult to target it in therapies. Transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), which interacts with ACE2, may be a better candidate for targeted therapies. Using publicly available expression data, we show that both ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are expressed in many host tissues, including lung. The highest expression of ACE2 is found in the testes, whereas the prostate displays the highest expression of TMPRSS2. Given the increased severity of disease among older men with SARS-CoV-2 infection, we address the potential roles of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in their contribution to the sex differences in severity of disease. We show that expression levels of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are overall comparable between men and women in multiple tissues, suggesting that differences in the expression levels of TMPRSS2 and ACE2 in the lung and other non–sex-specific tissues may not explain the gender disparities in severity of SARS CoV-2. However, given their instrumental roles for SARS-CoV-2 infection and their pleiotropic expression, targeting the activity and expression levels of TMPRSS2 is a rational approach to treat COVID-19.
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| 3557. |
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| 3558. |
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| 3559. |
- Baumann, Kevin N., et al.
(författare)
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A Kinetic Map of the Influence of Biomimetic Lipid Model Membranes on Aβ42 Aggregation
- 2023
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Ingår i: ACS Chemical Neuroscience. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1948-7193. ; 14:2, s. 323-329
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aggregation of the amyloid β (Aβ) peptide is one of the molecular hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although Aβ deposits have mostly been observed extracellularly, various studies have also reported the presence of intracellular Aβ assemblies. Because these intracellular Aβ aggregates might play a role in the onset and progression of AD, it is important to investigate their possible origins at different locations of the cell along the secretory pathway of the amyloid precursor protein, from which Aβ is derived by proteolytic cleavage. Senile plaques found in AD are largely composed of the 42-residue form of Aβ (Aβ42). Intracellularly, Aβ42 is produced in the endoplasmatic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus. Since lipid bilayers have been shown to promote the aggregation of Aβ, in this study, we measure the effects of the lipid membrane composition on the in vitro aggregation kinetics of Aβ42. By using large unilamellar vesicles to model cellular membranes at different locations, including the inner and outer leaflets of the plasma membrane, late endosomes, the ER, and the Golgi apparatus, we show that Aβ42 aggregation is inhibited by the ER and Golgi model membranes. These results provide a preliminary map of the possible effects of the membrane composition in different cellular locations on Aβ aggregation and suggest the presence of an evolutionary optimization of the lipid composition to prevent the intracellular aggregation of Aβ.
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| 3560. |
- Baumert, Nicolai
(författare)
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For God's Sake : The Work and Long-Term Impact of Christian Missionaries in Cameroon 1844-2018
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Most countries in Sub-Saharan Africa have made great strides towards more accessible and higher quality schooling and medical systems in recent years. Despite this, education and health care in Africa lag behind other developing regions and large inequalities in educational levels and health care access remain across countries, subnational regions, and gender. Cameroon, in west-central Africa, with its unique history of colonial rule by three European powers is no exception as it still struggles to provide citizens with stable and inclusive education and healthcare. A growing body of literature attributes Christian missionary expansion in former African colonies since the mid-19th century with having a transformative and primarily positive impact on public goods provision. Since schools and medical facilities proved to be an effective tool for proselytization, missionary societies in Cameroon were not only the main providers of formal education but were also crucial players in the initial establishment of institutionalized health care during the colonial era. This thesis examines the interdependencies, dynamics, and long-term implications of mission work in Cameroon since their arrival and expansion from the 19th century until today. I create novel historical databases documenting the temporal and spatial extent of missionary expansion in Cameroon by drawing on newly collected and largely unexplored data from annual mission reports. I further link geocoded historical information on the scope of mission work to data on individual-level educational achievement and health care infrastructure in Cameroon today. Qualitative evidence, financial records, and staff censuses from missionary reports allow for a deeper understanding of the interdependencies of missionary work with the indigenous population during the colonial era. I find that the spatial extent of formal schooling was influenced by several geographical and spatio-historical features as well as characteristics of the local indigenous societies. In doing so, I move beyond existing research that mostly relied on inaccurate and Eurocentric historical atlases and often insufficiently accounted for the determinants of missionary locations in assessing the long-term effect of mission work on contemporary outcomes. Further, I identify a persistent and positive impact of colonial-era missionary investments in education and health care on Cameroonians’ schooling achievements, educational gender equality, and access to health care today. Potential mechanisms underlying this long-lasting impact are cultural shifts – set in motion by the work of missionaries – regarding the value of schooling and Western medicine, and the persistence of schooling and health care physical infrastructure. The magnitude of these effects differs by missionary denomination for educational outcomes, and between missionary societies and the colonial government for health care access.Finally, I highlight the crucial role of Africans in the functioning of missionary work in Cameroon before World War I. Missions relied on the local acceptance of indigenous chiefs and depended predominantly on African personnel to facilitate the rapid and cost-efficient expansion of the missionary sphere of influence. While the financial contributions of indigenous Cameroonians to the mission funds were low (yet non-negligible) relative to donations from Europe and America during German colonial rule, Africans’ willingness to accept Christianity and their demand for missionary services ultimately determined the success of missions in Cameroon.
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