| 31. |
- af Petersens, Lovisa
(författare)
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Klokt tal af kloka kvinnor : En kort presentation av Kvinnokonferensen i Stockholm 1897
- 2001
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Ingår i: Kvinnovetenskaplig tidskrift. - : Amnesforeningen for genusvetenskap. - 0348-8365. ; 22:2, s. 47-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In September 1897, simultaneously with the Art and Industry Exhibition, the first women's conference ever held in Sweden took place in Stockholm. It was arranged by the National Council of Women of Sweden. Holding a public conference such as this was an important way for women to gain access into the public sphere; a sphere traditionally dominated by men. Conferences were also important means of making manifestos public. Information was spread to the press in advance, and during the conference there w a s daily coverage in the press. The conference assembled 276 delegates, mostly Swedish women, but also delegates from the other Nordic countries. The main theme of the conference was the women's work. The sixteen speeches that were given is dividable into two categories. One category, can be said to include speeches focused on traditional forms of female labour, on work which was looked upon as feminine or work where feminine hereditary characteristics were seen as advantageous. The other category dealt with women's tasks in a more structural way. Speeches were made urging changes in the social and political situation of women. However, the conference was not only important as place to present present different manifestos in public. It also of great significance that women took to the platform and delivered their messages in a professional way. By doing this women gained access to the public sphere. Finally, the conference was highly important both in creating a network between women and in emphasizing the unity of the delegates.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Agianian, Bogos, et al.
(författare)
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Preliminary characterization of hemolymph coagulation in Anopheles gambiae larvae
- 2007
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Ingår i: Developmental and Comparative Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0145-305X .- 1879-0089. ; 31:9, s. 879-888
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hemolymph coagulation is a first response to injury, impeding infection, and ending bleeding. Little is known about its molecular basis in insects, but clotting factors have been identified in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Here, we have begun to study coagulation in the aquatic larvae of the malaria vector mosquito Anopheles gambiae using methods developed for Drosophila. A delicate clot was seen by light microscopy, and pullout and proteomic analysis identified phenoloxidase and apolipophorin-I as major candidate clotting factors. Electron microscopic analysis confirmed clot formation and revealed it contains fine molecular sheets, most likely a result of lipophorin assembly. Phenoloxidase appears to be more critical in clot formation in Anopheles than in Drosophila. The Anopheles larval clot thus differs in formation, structure, and composition from the clot in Drosophila, confirming the need to study coagulation in different insect species to learn more about its evolution and adaptation to different lifestyles.
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| 35. |
- Agvald-Öhman, C, et al.
(författare)
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Anaerobic bacteria commonly colonize the lower airways of intubated ICU patients
- 2003
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Ingår i: Clinical Microbiology and Infection. - : Elsevier BV. - 1198-743X .- 1469-0691. ; 9:5, s. 397-405
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To investigate respiratory tract colonization by aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in mechanically ventilated patients. Methods Bacterial colonization of the stomach and the respiratory tract was qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed over time in 41 consecutive mechanically ventilated patients in a Swedish intensive care unit (ICU), with special emphasis on elucidation of the role of anaerobic bacteria in the lower respiratory tract. Samples were taken from the oropharynx, gastric juice, subglottic space and trachea within 24 h (median 14 h) of intubation, and then every third day until day 18 and every fifth day until day 33. Results The patients were often heavily colonized with microorganisms not considered to belong to a healthy normal oropharyngeal and gastric flora on admission to the ICU. A majority harbored enterococci, coagulase-negative staphylococci and Candida spp. in at least one site on day 1. Anaerobic bacteria, mainly peptostreptococci and Prevotella spp., were isolated from subglottic and/or tracheal secretions in 59% of the patients. Different routes of tracheal colonization for different groups of microorganisms were found. Primary or concomitant colonization of the oropharynx with staphylococci, enterococci, enterobacteria and Candida was often seen, while Pseudomonas spp., other non-fermenting Gram-negative rods and several anaerobic species often primarily colonized the trachea, indicating exogenous or direct gastrointestinal routes of colonization. Conclusions Mechanically ventilated patients were heavily colonized in their lower airways by potential pathogenic microorganisms, including a high load of anaerobic bacteria. Different routes of colonization were shown for different species.
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| 36. |
- Agvald-Öhman, C, et al.
(författare)
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Multiresistant coagulase-negative staphylococci disseminate frequently between intubated patients in a multidisciplinary intensive care unit
- 2004
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Ingår i: Critical Care. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1364-8535 .- 1466-609X. ; 8:1, s. R42-R47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction The intensive care unit is burdened with a high frequency of nosocomial infections often caused by multiresistant nosocomial pathogens. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are reported to be the third causative agent of nosocomial infections and the most frequent cause of nosocomial bloodstream infections. CoNS are a part of the normal microflora of skin but can also colonize the nasal mucosa, the lower airways and invasive devices. The main aim of the present study was to investigate colonization and the rate of cross-transmissions of CoNS between intubated patients in a multidisciplinary intensive care unit. Materials and methods Twenty consecutive patients, ventilated for at least 3 days, were included. Samples were collected from the upper and lower airways. All samples were cultured quantitatively and CoNS were identified by morphology and biochemical tests. A total of 199 CoNS isolates from 17 patients were genetically fingerprinted by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis in order to identify clones and to monitor dissemination within and between patients. Results An unexpected high number of transmission events were detected. Five genotypes were each isolated from two or more patients, and 14/20 patients were involved in at least one and up to eight probable transmission events. Conclusions A frequent transmission of CoNS was found between patients in the intensive care unit. Although transmission of bacteria does not necessarily lead to infection, it is nevertheless an indication that infection control measures can be improved.
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| 37. |
- Ahlbäck Öberg, Shirin, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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The Influence of National Parliaments over Domestic European Union Policies
- 2009
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Political Studies. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0080-6757 .- 1467-9477. ; 32:4, s. 359-381
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article we present survey results on the Swedish and Finnish parliamentarians' perceived influence over domestic decision-making in EU-matters. In the literature the parliaments in Sweden and Finland are classified as powerful parliaments that can exert considerable influence in the domestic EU policy-making. Moreover, Finland and Sweden joined the EU at the same time. Therefore the overall expectation is that the parliaments should be equally powerful. However, the results from our survey indicate a significant difference in perceived influence between the two parliaments. It is obvious that the Swedish parliamentarians perceive themselves as more marginalized in relation to the Government than the Finnish parliamentarians. After having tried different explanations we conclude that the differences can be ascribed to the parliaments' different organisational set-ups for the oversight of the Government.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Ahnström, G., et al.
(författare)
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The effect of dimethyl sulphoxide on the induction and repair of double-strand breaks in human cells after irradiation with γ-rays and accelerated ions : Rapid or slow repair may depend on accessibility of breaks in chromatin of different compactness
- 2000
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Ingår i: International Journal of Radiation Biology. - 0955-3002 .- 1362-3095. ; 76:4, s. 533-538
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The repair of double-strand breaks (dsb) in mammalian cells is characterized by a rapid phase with a half-life of less than half an hour and a slower phase that lasts for many hours. The proportion of slow repair increase with LET and it has been suggested that the slow repair component consists of more complex damage and is more deleterious to the cells. To see if removal of OH radicals could remove part of the damage in complex dsb and make them easier to repair, human cells were irradiated in the presence of dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO). Methods: Induction and repair of dsb were studied by neutral elution in human VH10 cells exposed to γ-rays, helium ions (mean LET 40 keV/μm) and 80 and 125 keV/μm monoenergetic nitrogen ions in the presence and absence of 2 M DMSO. Results: Incubation of cells exposed to γ-rays, 40 keV/μm helium and 80 keV/μm N ions demonstrated that scavenging of OH radicals by DMSO removed most of the rapid repair component. The response to DMSO was less marked after 125 keV/μm nitrogen ions, where about half of the repair was resistant to DMSO. Conclusions: It is unlikely that the complexity of dsb is responsible for the slow repair because the removal of OH radicals did not make the breaks easier to repair. Instead, it is suggested that rapid and slow repair can be explained on the basis of how different parts of the chromatin are accessible to repair enzymes.
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