| 31. |
- Bennet, Tova, et al.
(författare)
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En spaning om skuld
- 2022
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Ingår i: Teori och politik : Straffrätt i omvandling - Straffrätt i omvandling. - 9789177372004 ; , s. 63-86
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 32. |
- Berglund, Ellinor, et al.
(författare)
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Wellbeing, emotional response and stress among lay responders dispatched to suspected out-of-hospital cardiac arrests
- 2022
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Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier Ireland Ltd. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 170, s. 352-360
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Systems for smartphone dispatch of lay responders to perform cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and bring automated external defibrillators to out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) are advocated by recent international guidelines and emerging worldwide. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the emotional responses, posttraumatic stress reactions and levels of wellbeing among smartphone-alerted lay responders dispatched to suspected OHCAs. Methods: Lay responders were stratified by level of exposure: unexposed (Exp-0), tried to reach (Exp-1), and reached the suspected OHCA (Exp-2). Participants rated their emotional responses online, at 90 minutes and at 4–6 weeks after an incident. Level of emotional response was measured in two dimensions of core affect: “alertness” – from deactivation to activation, and “pleasantness” – from unpleasant to pleasant. At 4–6 weeks, WHO wellbeing index and level of posttraumatic stress (PTSD) were also rated. Results: Altogether, 915 (28%) unexposed and 1471 (64%) exposed responders completed the survey. Alertness was elevated in the exposed groups: Exp-0: 6.7 vs. Exp-1: 7.3 and Exp-2: 7.5, (p < 0.001) and pleasantness was highest in the unexposed group: 6.5, vs. Exp-1: 6.3, and Exp-2: 6.1, (p < 0.001). Mean scores for PTSD at follow-up was below clinical cut-off, Exp-0: 9.9, Exp-1: 8.9 and Exp-2: 8.8 (p = 0.065). Wellbeing index showed no differences, Exp-0: 78.0, Exp-1: 78.5 and Exp-2: 79.9 (p = 0.596). Conclusion: Smartphone dispatched lay responders rated the experience as high-energy and mainly positive. No harm to the lay responders was seen. The exposed groups had low posttraumatic stress scores and high-level general wellbeing at follow-up. © 2021
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| 33. |
- Bergstrand, Karl-Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Kan vi använda juice och fibrer från fraktionerade tomatblad som växtnäringskälla och odlingssubstrat?
- 2023
-
Ingår i: LTV-fakultetens faktablad.
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Vid odling av tomater i växthus avlägsnas cirka tre blad per planta varje vecka. I större odlingar blir det en betydande mängd biomassa som produceras kontinuerligt. Hittills har dessa blad oftast lämnats till den kommunala avfallshanteringen, med en kostnad för odlaren och förlust av näringsämnen som följd. Med modern separeringsteknik är det möjligt att fraktionera ut fibrer och proteiner ur bladen. Fibrerna kan användas för biogasframställning eller som komponent i odlingssubstrat. Vidare fås efter proteinextraktionen en vätskefraktion, brunjuice, som skulle kunna användas t.ex. som gödselmedel. I aktuellt projekt användes fiberfraktionen som substratkomponent i odlingssubstrat, och brunjuicen som bas för en organisk näringslösning.
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| 34. |
- Bilgic, Mehmet B., et al.
(författare)
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An unusual zig-zag 2D copper(i) coordination polymer as an outstanding catalyst for azide–alkyne “click” chemistry at room temperature
- 2022
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Ingår i: Dalton Transactions. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1477-9226 .- 1477-9234. ; 51:46, s. 17543-17546
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A straightforward method for the synthesis of a two-dimensional (2D) new copper(I) coordination polymer, namely Cu(bzpdc), containing the ligand benzophenone 4,4′-dicarboxylate, and its effective use as catalyst for the azide–alkyne click chemistry at room temperature is reported. Zig-zag formation caused by cuprophilic interactions resulted in an unprecedented crystal structure with a very high copper content (45.5% by weight). The catalyst was stable up until 300 °C and tolerant to various solvents, including water. Cu(bzpdc) showed excellent catalytic activity for click reactions of several organic azides and alkynes having different functional groups at room temperature and is comparable to its homogenous analogues. The recyclability of Cu(bzpdc) was also tested and proven to be effective.
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| 35. |
- Björling, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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The Role of Legal Theory in Legal Education: A Reflection on Professional and Scholarly Ideals in Nordic Legal Education
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal on Law and Society. - : Umea University Library. - 2002-7788. ; 4:3, s. 1-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article addresses the role of legal theory in legal education. Today, a multitude of perspectives is present within legal theory and, as a subject, it is not as distinct as it is sometimes claimed to be. It is evident when considering syllabuses in the Nordic countries that nearly all LLM programmes have ambitions to teach legal theory as embracing a multitude of theoretical and methodological perspectives. This multitude of perspectives promises adaptable content for the subject of legal theory in various legal contexts, and could facilitate a reflection on how knowledge is acquired and why. The challenge addressed in the article is the presence of explicit or implicit ideas from the subject of legal theory as comprising a coherent “legal method” and a specific list of accepted theories. The persistence of such ideas is scrutinised in this article with help of the concepts of “professional knowledge” and “scholarly knowledge”. In order to navigate the complex field of legal theories, students need meta-reflective skills, which means the ability to reflect upon the underlying complexity and multitude of the subject. This is shown by a case study from the Department of Law at the University of Gothenburg, together with examples from curricula and textbooks from legal theory courses across the Nordic countries.
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| 36. |
- Blomquist, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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Structure liming reduces draught requirement on clay soil
- 2023
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Ingår i: Soil and Tillage Research. - 0167-1987 .- 1879-3444. ; 231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Liming with ‘structure lime’, comprising approximately 80–85% ground limestone and 15–20% slaked lime, has been promoted in subsidised environmental schemes in Sweden since 2010 to increase clay aggregate stability and mitigate particulate phosphorus losses to surface waters. To date, approximately 65,000 ha have been structure-limed. Apart from stabilising aggregates, liming may also improve other physical properties, such as soil strength. This study examined the effect of increasing application rate (0–16 t ha-1) of structure lime on soil strength, approximated by horizontal (draught requirement) and vertical (penetrometer resistance) measurements, in eight field soils (clay content 26–38%) to which structure lime had been applied two, three, four or six years previously. Draught requirement when cultivating with a multipurpose cultivator significantly decreased (by 11%) with the highest application rate of structure lime (16 t ha-1) compared with an unlimed control. This reduced the wheel power requirement by 7.1 kW and diesel consumption by 1.2–1.4 L ha-1, and lowered CO2 emissions by 3–4 kg ha-1. To clarify the general effect of structure liming, the mean value of all limed treatments was compared with that of the unlimed control. This showed that structure liming in general significantly reduced the draught requirement (by 7%). However, penetrometer resistance measurements revealed no significant effects of structure liming and no relation between draught requirement and penetrometer resistance measurements. Overall, the results indicate that structure liming can reduce fuel consumption, due to easier soil tillage, and thus lower CO2 emissions.
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| 37. |
- Blow, Rachel, et al.
(författare)
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A molecular phylogeny of forktail damselflies (genus Ischnura) reveals a dynamic macroevolutionary history of female colour polymorphisms
- 2021
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Ingår i: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 1055-7903 .- 1095-9513. ; 160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Colour polymorphisms are popular study systems among biologists interested in evolutionary dynamics, genomics, sexual selection and sexual conflict. In many damselfly groups, such as in the globally distributed genus Ischnura (forktails), sex-limited female colour polymorphisms occur in multiple species. Female-polymorphic species contain two or three female morphs, one of which phenotypically matches the male (androchrome or male mimic) and the other(s) which are phenotypically distinct from the male (heterochrome). These female colour polymorphisms are thought to be maintained by frequency-dependent sexual conflict, but their macroevolutionary histories are unknown, due to the lack of a robust molecular phylogeny. Here, we present the first time-calibrated phylogeny of Ischnura, using a multispecies coalescent approach (StarBEAST2) and incorporating both molecular and fossil data for 41 extant species (55% of the genus). We estimate the age of Ischnura to be between 13.8 and 23.4 millions of years, i.e. Miocene. We infer the ancestral state of this genus as female monomorphism with heterochrome females, with multiple gains and losses of female polymorphisms, evidence of trans-species female polymorphisms and a significant positive relationship between female polymorphism incidence and current geographic range size. Our study provides a robust phylogenetic framework for future research on the dynamic macroevolutionary history of this clade with its extraordinary diversity of sex-limited female polymorphisms.
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| 38. |
- Bohné, Ulrica, et al.
(författare)
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Support- och diskussionsgrupper, en arbetsform som stödjer den sociala lärmiljön i distanskurser
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Bidrag från den 9:e utvecklingskonferensen för Sveriges ingenjörsutbildningar. - Västerås : Mälardalens universitet. - 9789174856200 ; , s. 205-210
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- En pedagogisk fråga vid distansutbildning är hur relationellt lärande och social lärmiljö kan främjas. Då interaktion ser annorlunda ut än vid campusutbildning och när resurser för lärartid är begränsat till ett minimum blir detta en reell utmaning att adressera. Relationellt lärande och social lärmiljö är betydelsefulla aspekter för att stödja studentens kunskapsutveckling i högre utbildning, och kan beskrivas som ett pedagogiskt synsätt där relationer står i centrum. Dels med avseende på den pedagogiska relationen mellan lärare och student, men även andra relationer såsom mellan student-student eller student-grupp ses som centrala. Inför den nystartade distanskursen Hållbar produktutveckling, inriktning Design Thinking introducerades arbetsformen Support- och diskussionsgrupper med syfte att stödja den sociala lärmiljön på distans. Studenterna fick då möjlighet att gruppvis träffavarandra via ett digitalt verktyg för att både diskutera aktuella frågeställningar i kursen, samt att vara ett stöd för varandra under kursens gång. Arbetsformen visadesig gynna studenternas kunskapsutveckling och gav goda resultat i kursvärderingen. Genom att förstå de grundläggande faktorer som främjar kunskapsutveckling, däribland den sociala lärmiljön, och hur vi kan forma den när den inte uppstår naturligt såsom i distanskurser, kan vi skapa gynnsamma förutsättningar för studenternas kunskapsutveckling och det livslånga lärandet.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Campana, Pietro Elia, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of the first agrivoltaic system in Sweden
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Photovoltaic (PV) systems in Sweden have primarily been seen as an energy efficiency measure to reduce the amount of purchased electricity for buildings, both residential and commercial. Only recently utility-scale solar systems have begun to increase their share of the solar market to support national energy and emissions targets. Due to the economies of scale, conventional ground-mounted PV (CGMPV) installations represent the best solution for producing electricity at the lowest specific initial investment costs. This relatively new solar market segment, with large-scale ground-mounted solar farms on agricultural land, has faced several challenges with the permitting process. Agricultural land that is suitable for cultivation is of "national importance" according to the Swedish Environmental Code. Cultivable agricultural land may be exploited for other purposes on a permanent basis only if it is necessary to satisfy essential societal interests and there is no other possible land to use within the area in question. Traditionally, ground-mounted solar farms have increased competition for land resources for food production and drawn criticism in the so-called "food-versus-fuel (electricity)" debate over whether agricultural land should be used for electricity generation or food production. Agrivoltaic (APV) systems represent an intelligent solution to avoid land use competition by combining arable farming and electricity production on the same agricultural land. The main objective of this project was to study how APV systems perform from an energy, agricultural and economic perspective compared to CGMPV systems and agriculture production. The project aimed to highlight advantages and disadvantages of APV systems at northern latitudes with an energy-food-water perspective. The aim was pursued by establishing an APV test site, the first APV system in Sweden, monitoring its performance both from an energy and agricultural point of view, and developing new techno-economic models. Data from the APV test site were used to better understand how APV systems at northern latitudes affect: 1) the efficiency of the solar modules; 2) crop productivity, and 3) the financial return for ground-based solar PV systems. The first agrivoltaic system in Sweden has been built on a permanent ley grass field, at Kärrbo Prästgård, Västerås, and research activities have been carried out on the ley grass during 2021 and 2022. As in previous research studies in other countries, we defined three sub-fields: 1) a sub-field is covered only by the ley grass (reference area), 2) a sub-field is a CGMPV system 11.8 kWp solar PV system with two rows of solar modules with a 30° tilt and 3) the last subfield is a 22.8 kWp APV system with three rows of vertically mounted solar modules, with ley grass between the modules. This field set-up allowed for comparisons between practices (agriculture and electricity generation) and technologies (CGMPV systems versus APV systems). The calculated specific electricity production during a typical meteorological year for the APV system and the CGMPV system was 1,067 kWh/kWp/year and 1,116 kWh/kWp/year, respectively. Nevertheless, the APV system tends to have higher efficiency than the CGMPV systems due to the solar irradiation patterns on the solar cell surfaces and wind cooling of the PV modules. The main results of the project in terms of shadow effects on the ley grass showed that the APV system did not significantly affect the productivity of the forage grass in 2021-2022. There was no statistically significant difference between the yield of the samples taken in the APV system and the reference area. Even so, the yield per hectare is reduced by approximatively 10%, when the distance between the vertically mounted solar modules is 10 meters, due to the area under the solar modules that cannot be mechanically harvested. The measurements performed at the test site allowed us to validate the earlier developed model for both electricity production and the effects of shading on crop production. Having a model to assess crop yields under APV systems is of utmost importance to be able to pre-assess the system's effects on food production, which is one of the main goals of APV system regulations worldwide. From an economic perspective, APV systems cannot compete with CGMPV systems due to lower electricity production per hectare, lower density of the solar modules per hectare, and higher investment costs per hectare. Nevertheless, APV systems can be the solution to overcome the legal obstacles that prohibit or hinder the use of agricultural land for electricity generation with PV systems.
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