| 471. |
- Nilsson, Johnny E, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of 20-s and 180-s double poling interval training in cross-country skiers
- 2004
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Ingår i: European Journal of Applied Physiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1439-6319 .- 1439-6327. ; 92:1/2, s. 121-127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of upper body 20-s or 180-s interval training, using a double poling ergometer, on upper body power output and selected physiological and biomechanical parameters in cross-country skiers. Twenty (12 male, 8 female) well-trained cross-country skiers took part. Two intervention groups, a 20-s interval training group (IT20; n=6) and a 180-s interval training group (IT180; n=7), underwent training three times a week for 6 weeks on a double poling ergometer. A third group served as a control (CON; n=7) and followed the same training program as the IT20 and IT180 groups without the double poling ergometer interval training. The IT20 and IT180 groups significantly (P<0.05) increased both peak and mean power in a 30-s test and mean power in a 6-min test after double poling training. There was a significant improvement in work efficiency in both IT20 and IT180 (P<0.05) and, in IT180, a significant reduction (P<0.05) in blood lactate concentration at given sub-maximal workloads. VO(2peak) increased significantly during double poling in IT180 ( P<0.05) only. VO(2max) did not change significantly in either group. There were no significant changes in any of the test variables in CON. In conclusion, this study shows that 6 weeks of 20-s or 180-s double poling interval training, three times a week, significantly increases power output in both 30-s and 6-min tests, as well as in selected physiological and biomechanical parameters in well-trained cross-country skiers.
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| 472. |
- Nilsson, Kent W., et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol-related problems among adolescents and the role of a sense of coherence
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Journal of Social Welfare. - Uppsala Univ, Cent Hosp Vasteras, Clin Res Ctr, SE-72189 Vasteras, Sweden. Karlstad Univ, Dept Social Sci, Karlstad, Sweden. Lillehammer Univ Coll, Fac Hlth & Social Studies, Lillehammer, Norway. Karolinska Inst, Div Int Hlth IHCAR, Stockholm, Sweden. : Wiley. - 1369-6866 .- 1468-2397. ; 16:2, s. 159-167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alcohol abuse is generally regarded as a major risk factor for antisocial problem behaviour among adolescents. On the other hand, personal coping strategies hypothetically can be seen as protective of alcohol-related behaviour problems. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of sense of coherence (SOC) on alcohol-related behavioural problems in an SOC-alcohol intoxication model. The method of study was a cross-sectional, school-based questionnaire study of 4,305, 16- and 19-year-old adolescents. We found that both a SOC and the frequency of alcohol intoxication were independently associated with alcohol-related behavioural problems. Our model shows that the combination of these two independent factors amplifies them considerably, and adolescents with a strong SOC, despite frequent intoxication, were protected to a large degree from experiencing alcohol-related problems.
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| 473. |
- Nilsson, Kent W., et al.
(författare)
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Role of monoamine oxidase A genotype and psychosocial factors in male adolescent criminal activity
- 2006
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Ingår i: Biological Psychiatry. - Uppsala Univ, Clin Res Ctr, Cent Hosp Vasteras, S-72189 Vasteras, Sweden. Uppsala Univ, Dept Neurosci, Pharmacol Unit, S-72189 Uppsala, Sweden. : Elsevier. - 0006-3223 .- 1873-2402. ; 59:2, s. 121-127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: A number of important sociological, psychological, and biological predictors of adolescent criminal behavior have been identified during the most recent decades. The aim of this study was to replicate recent findings that interactions between a polymorphism in the monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) gene promoter region and psychosocial factors might predict male adolescent criminal activity.METHODS: A cross-sectional study with a randomized sample from the total population of 16- and 19-year-olds from the county of Västmanland, Sweden. Eighty-one male adolescents, who volunteered to participate, were randomly selected from groups representing different degrees of deviant risk behavior.RESULTS: The present study strongly supports the notion that carrying the 3-repeat allele of the MAO-A-gene promoter increases the risk of male adolescent criminal behavior, when interacting with psychosocial factors. No effects at all of the MAO-A genotype on adolescent criminal activity were found when MAO-A genotype was considered alone (i.e., without its psychosocial context). The explained variance of the bio-psychosocial model (controlling for MAO-A) in this study exceeded the psychosocial model by 12%.CONCLUSIONS: The findings support the notion that genotype and psychosocial factors interact to precipitate male adolescent criminal behavior.
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| 474. |
- Nordgren, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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An exploration of the phenomenon of formal care from the perspective of middle-aged heart failure patients
- 2007
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1474-5151 .- 1873-1953. ; 6:2, s. 121-129
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Despite a considerable amount of research into heart failure there remains a divergence between the care available and patient's needs. The predominant biomedical perspective is more focused on the disease rather than the patient. In order to deliver formal care appropriate to the needs of middle-aged patients with moderate-severe HF it is imperative to gain the perspective of the individual patient. AIMS: The aim of the current study was to explore and understand the phenomenon: Formal care as experienced from the perspective of middle-aged patients living with HF. METHODS: The study was performed using a lifeworld perspective. Data was collected in seven unstructured interviews with middle-aged people living with moderate-severe HF. Data was analysed using a phenomenological approach. RESULTS: Formal care, as experienced by middle-aged patients living with moderate to severe HF, means hope to once again be able to have access to life. However, the meaning of formal care is ambiguous, which signifies that care means both health and suffering at the same time. The essence's meaning constituents are: dependency of care, surrender to care and unclear participation. CONCLUSION: The experience of formal care means both well-being and suffering at the same time. Patients' suffering in relation to formal care can be reduced if formal carers act from an ethical patient perspective point of view and if carers regard patients' lived experiences.
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| 475. |
- Norman, Holly, et al.
(författare)
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Myofibrillar protein and gene expression in acute quadriplegic myopathy
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of the Neurological Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-510X .- 1878-5883. ; 285:1-2, s. 28-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dramatic muscle wasting, preferential loss of myosin and impaired muscle function in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with acute quadriplegic myopathy (AQM) have traditionally been suggested to be the result of proteolysis via specific proteolytic pathways. In this study we aim to investigate the mechanisms underlying the preferential loss of thick vs. thin filament proteins and the reassembly of the sarcomere during the recovery process in muscle samples from ICU patients with AQM. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of myofibrillar protein and mRNA expression were analyzed using SDS-PAGE, confocal microscopy, histochemistry and real-time PCR. The present results demonstrate that the transcriptional regulation of myofibrillar protein synthesis plays an important role in the loss of contractile proteins, as well as the recovery of protein levels during clinical improvement, myosin in particular, presumably in concert with proteolytic pathways, but the mechanisms are specific to the different thick and thin filament proteins studied.
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| 476. |
- Norman, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Working conditions in a selected sample of call centre companies in Sweden
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 14:2, s. 177-194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Call centres (CCs) are among the most rapidly growing forms of workplaces in Sweden. The purpose of the study was to describe and compare working conditions between operators at internal and external CC companies and work tasks of different complexity. Method. A questionnaire was answered by 1183 operators, 848 women and 335 men, from 28 different CCs. The questionnaire covered background factors, employment, working hours and remuneration, call logging and monitoring, duties, computer work and workplace design during the previous month. Results. Operators at external companies and operators with low-complexity work tasks were younger, more often employed by the hour and worked on a varying roster. They spent longer time on customer calls and had less varied tasks. Additional remuneration, call logging and monitoring were more common at external companies and among operators with low-complexity work tasks. Conclusion. The working conditions varied between internal and external CCs. There was also a variation in working conditions between work tasks of different complexity. There were aspects of supervision style and organization of work at CCs, especially at external ones and those with low-complexity tasks that could introduce stress and lack of well being among the staff.
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| 477. |
- Nyström, Josefina, et al.
(författare)
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Combined near-infrared spectroscopy and multifrequency bio-impedance investigation of skin alterations in diabetes patients based on multivariate analyses
- 2003
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Ingår i: Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing. - : Springer. - 0140-0118 .- 1741-0444. ; 41:3, s. 324-329
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A group of 34 diabetic men, with different degrees of diabetes complications, including skin changes, were studied by near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and total body multi-frequency bio-impedance analyses (MFBIA-body). Skin reflectance spectra were measured with a fibre-optic probe in four locations (sites): hand, arm, leg and foot. As control subjects, a group of 23 healthy males were also measured. A combined multivariate analysis of the two types of spectrum was performed. It was concluded that the NIR method has the potential to detect diabetes-related skin conditions and also that the combination of the two techniques provides a higher potential for classification and discrimination of the skin conditions, with correct classification increasing from 63% to 85%.
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| 478. |
- Oliynyk, Igor, et al.
(författare)
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Azithromycin increases chloride efflux from cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells
- 2009
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Ingår i: Experimental Lung Research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0190-2148 .- 1521-0499. ; 35:3, s. 210-221
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It was investigated whether azithromycin (AZM) stimulates chloride (Cl−) efflux from cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF airway epithelial cells, possibly secondary to up-regulation of the multidrug resistance protein (MDR). CF and non-CF human airway epithelial cell lines (CFBE and 16HBE) were treated with 0.4, 4, and 40 μ g/mL AZM for 4 days. Cl− efflux was explored in the presence or absence of specific inhibitors of CFTR and alternative Cl− channels. Six CF patients received AZM (500 mg daily) for 6 months. The percentage of predicted forced vital capacity (FVC%), forced expiratory volume (FEV1%), and the number of acute exacerbations were compared before and after treatment. Nasal biopsies were taken before and after treatment, and mRNA expression of MDR and CFTR was determined by in situ hybridization. A significant dose-dependent increase of Cl− efflux from CFBE cells (but not from 16HBE cells) was observed after AZM treatment. A CFTR inhibitor significantly reduced AZM-stimulated Cl− efflux from CFBE cells. A significant improvement in FEV1%, and fewer exacerbations were observed. AZM treatment did not affect mRNA expression of MDR and CFTR. The stimulation of Cl− efflux could be part of the explanation for the clinical improvement seen among the patients.
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| 479. |
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| 480. |
- Persson, Carina, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing informal caregivers' experiences : a qualitative and psychometric evaluation of the Caregiver Reaction Assessment Scale.
- 2008
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer Care. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0961-5423 .- 1365-2354. ; 17:2, s. 189-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the aim to evaluate the Swedish version of the Caregiver Reaction Assessment Scale (CRA), informal caregivers (n = 209) to individuals with a malignant disease, dementia or a physical impairment were recruited. The CRA was developed in the USA and is a self‐rating questionnaire consisting of five subscales, measuring family members' reactions to the experience of caring for a relative with mental or physical illnesses. Data were analysed using psychometric and qualitative methods. Findings indicated good internal consistency, and a factor analysis confirmed the structure with five subscales; however, an overlap of items between the subscales was found. A content analysis of respondents' comments indicated that there were problems due to presuppositions inherent in the questions and with the meaning of words. Problems regarding inclusion/exclusion aspects in some concepts were also found. Two aspects of caregiver reactions were found to be missing or only partly covered: worrying and positive experiences. Results from this study suggest that the Swedish version is useful for assessment of caregiver reactions but needs further refinement.
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